International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews

The Effect of Cognitive Training Program on Badminton Skills and Cognitive Ability in Secondary School Students

2024-11-24T07:47:12+07:00

Background and Aim: Cognitive ability was indeed a key component for elite badminton athletes, as evidenced by multiple studies highlighting various cognitive skills essential for high-level performance in the sport. The research objective of this study was to study the effect of the cognitive training program on badminton skills and to compare the mean values of badminton skills between and within the experimental group.

Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental research, and the participants on 24 badminton players in Zhixin secondary School in Guangzhou who were purposively sampled and systematically with badminton skills ranging to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was conducted for eight weeks, three days/week, and 120 minutes/day of a cognitive training program. In addition, the experimental group also conducted a badminton training program, with badminton skills such as pace, serve, smash, drop shot, drive, and clear. The cognitive ability and badminton skills were examined on the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. Data analysis was calculated on mean and standard deviation, t-test independent, one-way ANOVA repeated measurement, Bonferroni post hoc, significance difference set at p<.05.

Results: The results found that (1) In comparing the experimental and control groups, all variables related to badminton skills showed significant differences (*p<.05). (2) When comparing experimental and control groups, the cognitive ability test showed a significant difference (*p<.05); however, the mental rotation test did not. (3) There were significant differences (*P<.05) in badminton skills and cognitive ability across experimental groups at the pretest, mid-test, and post-test. (4) The cognitive training program was strong in content validity (IOC =.80).

Conclusion: The effectiveness of the cognitive training program was demonstrated by the study's conclusion, which showed that it significantly enhanced the experimental group's cognitive and badminton skills. The program also demonstrated strong content validity, even though mental rotation skills were unaffected.

The Cultural Creative Path of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Study on the Cultural Inheritance of Yingge Masks and Their Integration into Modern Cultural and Creative Design

2025-02-19T22:09:48+07:00

Background and Aim: This study explores the application of Chaoshan Yingge facial makeup culture in modern cultural and creative product design, aiming to investigate how to achieve the cultural inheritance and innovation of Yingge facial makeup by integrating traditional culture with modern design.

Materials and Methods: The study shows that, as an important local cultural symbol, Chaoshan Yingge facial makeup has great potential in cultural and creative product design. In the design process, it is necessary not only to retain the essence of traditional culture but also to combine modern design elements so that it has both historical and cultural depth and conforms to modern aesthetics and market demand. This study also explores the balance between the inheritance of traditional culture and commercialization, providing feasible design pathways for the future development of Yingge culture.

Results: The results of this study offer a new perspective for the protection and innovation of intangible cultural heritage, especially in the cultural and creative industries, and can promote the protection, inheritance, and marketization of Yingge dance and its related facial makeup culture. Meanwhile, the research findings have important guiding significance for the design and innovative practice of cultural and creative products of intangible cultural heritage.

Conclusion: It is suggested that policymakers pay more attention to the integration with creative industries in cultural heritage protection to promote the continuous inheritance and development of traditional culture.

Key Success Factors of Swimming Club Management in Chengdu City, The People’s Republic of China

2024-11-21T07:18:54+07:00

Background and Aims: Chengdu Tourei Swimming Club continues to develop rapidly and is preparing to add three new branches in 2024. The reasons for its rapid development are worth thinking about and researching. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the reasons for the rapid development of Chengdu Tourei Swimming Club as the object of research. This research aimed to define the key success factors of swimming club management in Chengdu City, the People’s Republic of China.

Methodology: The research process was divided into three steps to evaluate and validate these success factors systematically. In Step 1, the study developed an evaluation tool by reviewing literature and conducting expert interviews, followed by drafting the tool and validating it through focus groups and reliability assessments. Step 2 involved using the final tool to survey club committee members, coaches, and members, collecting data, and analyzing success factors through a Connoisseurship method. Step 3 concluded with a detailed report summarizing the findings, based on a thorough analysis of survey responses and expert input.

Results: The study identified multiple key factors of successful management across nine core dimensions: Planning (6 factors), Organizing (6 factors), Leadership (9 factors), Controlling (8 factors), Reliability (5 factors), Responsiveness (5 factors), Empathy (5 factors), Assurance (5 factors), and Accessibility (4 factors). These results provided a well-rounded framework for evaluating and enhancing swimming club management in Chengdu.

Conclusion: The study presents a comprehensive framework for effectively managing swimming clubs in Chengdu, highlighting key components in nine core areas. This framework is a helpful tool for evaluating and improving management practices to ensure operational success and member satisfaction.

Effect of Problem-based Learning on the Biology Summarizing Ability of Eighth-Grade Students of Zhengzhou No.1 Middle School in the People's Republic of China

2024-11-08T12:26:17+07:00

Background and Aims: The impact of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on biology summarizing ability has far-reaching research significance, and this learning method emphasizes the problem-oriented approach to cultivate students' comprehensive ability and innovative thinking through the processes of problem posing. This experimental research aimed to 1) compare biology summarizing ability before and after learning through Problem-Based Learning.2) To compare biology summarizing ability with the criterion set at 70 percent.3) To assess the student’s satisfaction with Problem-Based Learning.

Materials and Methods: The sample was 30 students from eighth-grade students from Zhengzhou NO.1 Middle School, People's Republic of China. They come from cluster random sampling. Data on students' biology summarizing ability before and after the implementation of the problem-based teaching method were collected through a questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data, including the mean value of samples, standard deviation, and single-sample t-test.

Result: The results showed that 1) the students’ biology summarizing ability after learning through receiving Problem-Based Learning (M=47.43, SD=4.40) was higher than that before learning (M=35, SD =5.18) at a significance level of.01(t₂₉=17.58, p=.001); 2) the students' biology summarizing ability after learning through Problem-Based Learning was higher than the determined criterion of 70% at a significance level of.01(M = 47.43 of full scores, 75, SD = 3.41, _t29= 28.63, p=.001) and 3) Students were satisfied with the learning management using the Problem-Based Learning method (M = 4.02, SD = 0.77).

Conclusion: The knowledge gained from this study is that 5-step teaching using the problem-based learning approach can be effective in improving the performance of students on the Biology Summative Aptitude Test, and it stimulates students' interest in learning by Step 1: Extract key information Step 2: Concise expression Step 3: Integrate knowledge Step 4: Summary Step 5: Relational thinking. It develops students' independent learning ability and meets their individual learning needs. This is a new trend in the future of education.

Impact of Aerobic Dance Program on Fitness (Endurance, Strength, Flexibility) of College Students

2024-11-25T08:25:44+07:00

Background and Aim: Health fitness is a mandatory annual test for Chinese college students. The researcher conducted a health fitness test for students in the Guangdong Province Vocational College of Foreign Languages and Arts and found that the students' health fitness scores, such as endurance, strength, and flexibility, declined. Following interviews, it was found that most students lacked awareness of the importance of daily physical exercise, which contributed to a decline in their health-related fitness scores. This paper aims to assess the impact of an aerobics after-school training program on improving the health-related fitness of university students by constructing a 12-week aerobics dance training program. It also encourages students to actively participate in extracurricular physical activity to promote the improvement of health-related physical fitness.

Materials and Methods: This study conducted a 12-week intervention program for aerobics dance after school on 28 college students from the Huadu Campus of Guangdong Vocational College of Foreign Languages and Arts, employing a comprehensive literature review, interview method, experimental method, and T-test data analysis. The subjects of the study were students of the class of 2023; the total number of students in this grade was 780, among whom the physical fitness scores failed to reach 70. Through purposive sampling and calculations using G-Power software to determine the sample size, 28 students (14 of each gender) were selected with an age distribution between 18 and 20 years old. During the course of the study, the students participated in a 12-week aerobics dance training program, three times a week, with each session lasting one hour. Tests included an endurance test (800-metre run for girls and 1000-metre run for boys), a strength test (sit-ups for girls and pull-ups for boys), and a flexibility test (seated forward bends). By comparing the subjects' endurance, strength, and flexibility test results in the first and twelfth weeks of the experiment, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aerobic dance exercises in enhancing the physical health of college students.

Results: The 12-week aerobics dance after-school training was shown to improve college students' health-related physical performance. In this paper, the statistical comparison of the pre-test and post-test of the experiment using the T-test showed significant differences. Among them was endurance: boys improved by 0.41 seconds in 1000 m and girls improved by 0.44 seconds in 800 m, P < .001. Strength: boys improved by an average of 3.70 in pull-ups and girls improved by 6.50 in sit-ups, P < .001. Flexibility: boys and girls improved by 5.65 cm in seated forward bend, P < .001. These findings suggest that an aerobics dance after-school training program can promote healthy fitness performance in students.

Conclusion: (1) The effects of cardiorespiratory endurance were significantly greater in college students after a 12-week aerobics after-school exercise intervention. (2) There was a significant increase in muscular strength among college students after a 12-week aerobics after-school exercise intervention. (3) There was a significant increase in the flexibility of college students after a 12-week aerobics after-school exercise intervention.

Determining of Watershed Level using Geographic Information Systems. Case Study: Nam Sa Sub-basin of Bolikhamxai Province, Lao PDR.

2024-12-06T09:29:53+07:00

Background and Aim: This study investigates the development and application of a watershed classification model for the Sa River Basin, which covers an area of 248.2 km² in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. It provides a critical foundation for sustainable watershed management and emphasizes the importance of data-driven, localized approaches in the planning of environmental resources.

Materials and Methods: The classification criteria include factors such as slope, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), geology, landform, soil, and forest cover. The overlay process integrates these thematic layers, utilizing spatial data analysis through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), specifically the ArcGIS software. This method combines multiple data layers to analyze and classify watershed quality effectively.

Results: resulting in six detailed basin class maps: 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The use of GIS technology significantly enhanced the efficiency of this process, reflecting the advantages of modern technological advancements in environmental modeling. To evaluate the method’s effectiveness, the GIS-based approach was tested for its potential to enable efficient water and land resource management within the basin, ultimately aiming to support sustainable development.

Conclusion: The Nam Sa Sub-basin spans an area of 248.2 km² and exhibits a wide variety of watershed characteristics. These are classified into five distinct Watershed Classes (WSC): WSC 1: 23.51 km², WSC 2: 21.10 km², WSC 3: 47.59 km², WSC 4: 144.18 km², WSC 5: 11.77 km². Among these, WSC 4 is the largest, covering a substantial portion of the sub-basin. This class is characterized by particular features that exert a significant influence on water flow, sediment transport, and land-use suitability.

A Study of Speech Acts in Chinese Series “都挺好 (All is well)”

2025-05-30T19:40:47+07:00

Background and Aim: The purposes of this research were to analyze direct and indirect speech acts in the dialogues of the character “Su Mingyu” from the Chinese series “都挺好 (All is Well)” within Chinese sociocultural contexts, applying Searle's (1969, 1979) conceptual framework. The study aims to understand how speech acts function within Chinese cultural contexts and highlight the importance of pragmatic competence in Chinese language teaching. This study fills in a big gap in the current literature by focusing on the practical problems and teaching methods that Thai students face. Thai students often have trouble because their culture has different rules about how to be direct and polite in communication.

Materials and Methods: This qualitative study collected data from dialogues in episodes 37-46 of the Chinese series “都挺好 (All is Well)”, which were identified as the most popular episodes according to www.baidu.com rankings in 2019. The research employed content analysis methodology to examine the speech acts in Su Mingyu's dialogues. The data were analyzed and categorized based on Searle's speech act theory and presented using frequency and percentage calculations to identify patterns in speech act usage.

Results: The findings revealed that Su Mingyu predominantly employed direct speech acts in 321 instances (67.15%), while indirect speech acts appeared in 157 instances (32.84%). Among direct speech acts, Representatives were the most common type, followed by Directives and Expressives. In general, emotionally delicate situations or those requiring face-saving techniques call for the use of indirect speech acts. Chinese cultural values, such as a significant value on harmony and interpersonal relationships in communication, show up in these speech act patterns.

Conclusion: The research shows the significance it is to teaching Chinese in a way that assists learners in developing pragmatic competence so they can communicate correctly in different cultural settings and avoid misunderstandings when talking to people from other cultures. A study of Su Mingyu's speech patterns shows how Chinese speakers use cultural norms to decide when to be direct and when to be indirect, especially when they need to protect their faces or are feeling sensitive. By including cultural pragmatics in their teaching methods, teachers can greatly improve their Chinese language lessons by understanding these complex patterns. The paper provides teacher and curriculum designers with practical examples of how to implement these concepts in the classroom.

A Study of the Development of Language Communication Ability Facilitated by Technology-Empowered Learning Strategies: Take English Language Learning as an Example

2024-12-04T08:48:50+07:00

Background and Aim: The application of information technology in English language teaching has greatly influenced language learning, resulting in corresponding changes in learners' language proficiency and significant improvement in communication efficiency and effect. This paper aims to provide some language learning strategies enhanced by technology and explore the measures of cultivating the communication ability of English as a second language.

Materials and Methods: Combined with the learning strategies, the analysis is conducted about the learners’ engagement, cross-cultural communication ability, and autonomous learning ability.

Results: Based on the learning strategies, the paper puts forward effective measures to cultivate and train English communication ability.

Conclusion: This paper provides valuable reference for English language learners and optimizes the overall learning effect of language learners.

Development Guideline to Prevent Injury for Youth Football Players

2024-12-06T09:33:48+07:00

Background and Aim: According to a recent survey, it is not uncommon for teenage football players to suffer injuries during training and matches. The proportion of sports injuries in youth campus football players was as high as 70.58%, and the highest at 86.78%. The injury sites were mainly in the ankle and knee, 34.13% and 33.33%, respectively, accounting for one-third or more of all injuries. This research aims to develop guidelines to prevent injury for youth football players.

Materials and Methods: This study is a mixed-method study. The study uses a combination of surveys and expert interviews to analyze injury data from 400 youth football players aged 14-16, examining factors such as player position, training duration, and injury frequency. The participants, including 5 experts, were selected to check the quality of the questionnaire (IOC). 7 expert interviews about the way to construct the guidelines for the prevention of injury for youth football players, and 10 experts were invited to verify the science and rationality of the research.

Results: Based on the information provided in the interview and questionnaire results, the researcher designed a POLC model (Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling) to prevent injuries in youth football players. Including 16 guidelines on the planning component, 16 guidelines on the organizing component, 16 guidelines on the leading component, and 16 guidelines on the controlling component.

Conclusion: Overall, the consistently high ratings across most of the controlling dimensions reflect a well-structured approach to managing injury prevention, with a few areas highlighted for potential enhancement to further solidify the effectiveness of these strategies. The low variability in responses also underscores a consensus on the robustness of the current measures, aligning closely with best practices in sports injury prevention.

The Architectural Space Art Characteristics of Foshan Academies

2024-12-10T21:07:00+07:00

Background and Aim: Foshan academies in China are carriers of historical culture, reflecting the academic and cultural development of the region. This study investigates the architectural space of traditional Foshan academies from a design perspective. The research aims to classify and analyze existing resources and types, explore the artistic characteristics of architectural space, and uncover the cultural core and spirit of Foshan academies to provide a scientific basis for their modern inheritance.

Materials and Methods: Field research was conducted on 27 academies selected for their integrity and representativeness. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used, integrating interdisciplinary methods from design, folklore, architecture, and cultural geography.

Results: The distribution and site selection of Foshan academies are influenced by political, economic, and cultural factors such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. The architectural layout centers on atria, with lecture halls, libraries, and sacrificial spaces arranged in a strict axisymmetric sequence, reflecting a cultural concept of step-by-step progression. The academies exhibit a distinct Lingnan architectural style with decorative art featuring three carvings, two sculptures, and one painting, blending local cultural aesthetics and practical climate adaptations. The cultural core of the academies represents a unique blend of Confucian rites and music, a commitment to upholding the Tao, and the integration of Chinese and Western influences.

Conclusion: The artistic characteristics of Foshan academies showcase a blend of Central Plains, Lingnan, and overseas cultures. The research highlights the need for deeper exploration of the evolution, artistic features, and cultural connotations to support the modern inheritance and development of academic culture.

Effects of Combined Cognitive and Strength Training on Jump Shot Ability for Basketball Youth Athletes

2024-11-26T14:06:43+07:00

Background and Aim: The integration of cognitive ability and strength training to enhance basketball shooting performance was a multifaceted approach that combines physical and cognitive ability. The research objective of this study was to examine the effects of combined cognitive and strength training on basketball jump shot ability for youth athletes and to compare the effects of the training program on basketball jump shot ability between the control and experimental groups.

Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental research in simple random sampling of 40 youth basketball players, with systematic sampling based on jump shot ability, and divided into 10 participants in experimental and control groups. The combined cognitive and strength training was carried out with the experimental group, with an eight-week training duration, three days per week, while the control group followed the traditional training. Pre-tests were conducted to assess sample characteristics, jump shot ability, cognitive capacity, and strength test, followed by a training program, mid-test, and post-test. The data was analyzed using mean, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc, with significance set at p < .05.

Results: The results found that the mean comparison of jump shot ability, cognitive ability, and strength between experimental and control groups was significant difference (*p<.05). On the other hand, the mean compared within the experimental group's jump shot ability, cognitive, and strength of all pairwise were significant differences pretest, mid test and posttest (*p<.05).

Conclusion: The combined cognitive and strength training could improve the basketball jump shot ability for basketball youth athletes.

Developing Intelligent Indicators of Teaching Orienteering Course for University Students

2024-12-03T09:04:42+07:00

Background and Aim: In recent years, the state has attached great importance to school sports. In October 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council successively issued opinions on comprehensively strengthening school sports and aesthetic education in the new era, emphasizing the important role of sports in promoting the all-around development of students. The new crown epidemic has accelerated the digital transformation of education, and smart teaching has gradually become an important direction of teaching reform. As an important part of college sports courses, orienteering is of great significance for cultivating students' willpower, teamwork skills, and problem-solving skills. However, there are still many problems. Therefore, this research objective was to develop Intelligent Indicators of Teaching Orienteering Course for University Students.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed research method to determine the indicator system for evaluation of the Intelligent Teaching Orienteering course for university students through literature reading, expert interviews, and questionnaires. The research invited experts to conduct an IOC test on the preliminary indicators, and adopted the Delphi method to modify and improve the indicators after three rounds of consultation. The questionnaires were distributed to 19 experts, and the indicators were optimized according to the results of statistical analysis to form a scientific and comprehensive evaluation system. The weights of the indicators were determined by the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), 10 experts compared the scores of the indicators at the same level, and the data were analysed by using Yaahp software to obtain the weights of the indicators at all levels. Based on the AHP weight analysis, the Intelligent Indicators of Teaching Orienteering Course for University Students were constructed and verified by seven experts.

Results: The Intelligent Indicators of Teaching Orienteering course for university students consisted of four Primary Indicators, 19 Secondary Indicators, and 81 Tertiary Indicators, which provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of Intelligent Teaching in orienteering courses.

Conclusion: To promote smart teaching of sports in colleges and universities, it is necessary to formulate a comprehensive guidance plan, clarify the responsibilities of various departments; comprehensively evaluate the required facilities, equipment, and resources, and provide additional support for colleges and universities with scarce resources; incorporate smart teaching content into the curriculum, establish a safety management and teaching quality evaluation and feedback mechanism; provide resource support and smart services for teachers and students, implement teacher training, and provide a personalized learning experience. In the future, it is recommended to carry out practical applications of smart teaching indicators, systematically analyze the key factors affecting the effectiveness of smart teaching, conduct in-depth research on internal and external constraints or facilitating factors, and propose optimization strategies.

Home Product Design from the Perspective of Cats: Innovative Case Study Based on Limited Space

2024-12-10T19:20:10+07:00

Background and Aim: This study focuses on designing home products from the perspective of cats, particularly addressing challenges in limited living spaces. The primary aim is to explore how cat behavior, needs, and preferences can inform innovative product designs that strike a balance between functionality, environmental sustainability, and interactivity. Through behavioral studies and case analysis, the research seeks to develop products that enhance the quality of life for cats while maintaining harmony with human living spaces.

Materials and Methods: Literature Review: Comprehensive study of cat behavior and previous pet product designs. Observational Studies: Analysis of three cats (Q, YOYO, and Yamei) in varied spatial conditions (5m² to 220m²) over three months to assess spatial adaptability, psychological needs, and instinctive behaviors. Case Studies: Examination of innovative product designs like folding beds, hanging climbing frames, and shared space furniture. The advantages, limitations, and improvement suggestions for each product were documented. Prototype Testing: Development and user feedback evaluation of suggested products to determine their practicality and effectiveness in enhancing cat welfare.

Results: Behavioral Insights: Cats displayed strong adaptability across different spatial conditions but showed psychological impacts (e.g., anxiety) when space was significantly reduced. Exploration and interactive play were key needs observed. Product Innovation: Innovative designs like the "Happy Camper Cat Tent" and "CATable" effectively addressed cat behaviors like scratching, climbing, and hiding, demonstrating significant suitability for small spaces. Human-Cat Interaction: Shared space furniture like the Kikko Table highlighted the potential for harmonious coexistence by integrating cat needs with human aesthetics and functionality. Environmental Considerations: Eco-friendly materials and space-optimizing features contributed to sustainable designs.

Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of designing home products that consider the spatial and psychological needs of cats. By integrating behavioral insights into product designs, the research achieved innovative solutions that enhance feline welfare and support harmonious human-cat interactions. These findings provide valuable guidance for the future development of pet-friendly home products, contributing to improved quality of life for both cats and their owners.

Development of Tai Chi Training Program to Improve Health-Related Physical Fitness for the Elderly in Guangdong Province the People’s Republic of China

2024-12-10T20:44:07+07:00

Background and Aim: Tai Chi has been widely recognized for promoting and improving the health level of middle-aged and elderly people while exploring the role of Tai Chi in promoting the health of middle-aged and elderly people, understanding the relationship between participation motivation, satisfaction, leisure benefits, and compliance of Tai Chi participants will be of greater significance for further enhancing the application value of Tai Chi in promoting the health of middle-aged and elderly people. The purpose of this study was to develop of tai chi training program to improve health-related physical fitness for the elderly in Guangdong province.

Materials and Methods: This study was a mixed method; it combines quantitative and qualitative research. To study the need for a Tai Chi training program to improve health-related physical fitness for elderly used the elderly who practice Tai Chi in Guangzhou city, a total sample size was 400 people was used, including 36 Tai Chi coaches and 36 stakeholders. Invite 9 experts for the focus group method to create the training program, and invite 7 experts to confirm the training program. The experiment used 30 elderly people who practice Tai Chi in a park in Shaoguan City. These elderly people come to practice Tai Chi every day and are over 60 years old. The instruments used in data collection were tested for their quality by 5 experts (IOC value = 0.60-1.00, Cronbach alpha value = 0.84-0.91). The statistics used in analyzing the questionnaires included mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency. The comparison of the experimental results used a paired t-test.

Results: The appropriate Tai Chi posture is gathering power to separate the clouds, punching the air with a fist, the train rolling back, spinning to see the moon, catching fish looking at the sky, dove flapping wings, rainbow dance, rowing in the middle of the pond respectively (For the development of the experimental program in 8 weeks). After the experiment, it was found that the mean before and after the experiment of heart rate/minute, fatigue resistance, health status, and physical and mental performance were significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion: The study found that, at a 0.05 significance level, an 8-week Tai Chi program that used particular postures significantly enhanced heart rate, fatigue resistance, health status, and physical and mental performance.

Model for Promoting The Learning Physical Education for Medical Students of Medical College In Hunan Province The People’s Republic of China

2024-12-20T06:45:34+07:00

Background and Aim: Medical students are in an important stage of physical and mental development, while also shouldering heavy academic tasks and university pressure. Prolonged sitting and excessive nutrition have led to the occurrence of overweight and obesity in high school students. Tall students are the reserve force for building the motherland, and their physical health not only affects their learning and life, but also affects the progress and development of the entire society. Due to the professional characteristics of medical colleges, physical education teaching has its particularities. The main manifestation is that trained medical talents not only need to possess solid professional knowledge and skills, but also need to have certain knowledge and abilities in physical health care, to provide correct guidance for patients' rehabilitation training or healthy physical exercise in their future medical careers. The purpose of the research is to describe the factors of poor physical quality of medical students under the background of epidemic situation, explore the variables needed to improve physical education from every Angle as much as possible, to establish a strategy model suitable for physical education in Medical College of Hunan Province, and provide scientific basis for further targeted improvement of medical students’ physical health level.

Materials and Methods: The research content of this research is to explore the reasons why medical students do not like physical education classes, and to construct a model to promote medical students' physical education learning, to verify the model of medical schools promoting medical students' physical education learning. The research sample comes from five universities and is divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 397 students and 17 respondents, the second group was consulted by 17 experts using the Delphi method, and the third group was evaluated by 9 experts on the improvement model of physical education courses.

Results: (1) For student cultivation, it helps to cultivate medical talents with better physical and psychological qualities. To provide a reference for the reform of physical education courses in other medical colleges in course development. In terms of the integration of sports and medicine, it can promote the development of interdisciplinary fields such as sports rehabilitation; (2) The achievements of improving the physical education curriculum model in medical schools have broad prospects for future development; and (3) Improving the physical education curriculum model in medical schools can enhance the quality of talent cultivation and discipline construction.

Conclusion: Improving the physical education curriculum model in medical schools can deepen the integration of medical and physical education teaching, enhance students' professional qualities, improve their health management abilities, and promote the development of the sports industry. Therefore, improving the physical education curriculum model in medical schools has broad prospects for future development.

The Effects of Self-Efficacy by Talk Skill Training in Basketball Shooting Free Throw

2024-12-06T19:20:42+07:00

Background and Aim: Self-efficacy refers to the individual's ability to judge, believe, or the subject's self-grasp and feeling of whether he or she can complete a certain activity at a certain level. In basketball, the belief that a player believes that a player can successfully make a 3-point shot in the game is a sign of self-efficacy. With the further improvement of competitive skills in China, sports psychology, self-confidence, self-efficacy, and speech have become competitive sports that cannot be ignored. The increasing focus is on the need for emotional management and psychological control. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of verbal training in improving basketball penalty self-efficacy and reducing anxiety.

Materials and Methods: In this study, male basketball players in grade 2022 from Jiuquan Vocational and Technical College were selected as study samples and divided into experimental and control groups by SPSS (T-Test, one-way analysis of variance). The experimental and control groups were played as individual shooters twice a week for 8 weeks. To ensure the authenticity, reliability, and integrity of the data, the data in this study were statistically analyzed by the SPSS (T-Test, one-way analysis of variance) method to determine the differences.

Results: This study shows that athletes trained in talking skills can effectively relieve physical and mental anxiety, and athletes who practice talking skills are more confident. There was no significant difference in penalty technique before training (p> 0.05), but after training (p <0.05). Self-speaking skill training can significantly improve athletes' confidence and reduce anxiety, thus improving their ability to shoot during the game.

Conclusion: The results show that by practicing effective self-talk skills, basketball players can significantly improve their confidence and reduce anxiety during the penalty process, thus improving the penalty performance. This finding provides a new practical approach to sports psychology and suggests that coaches and athletes should incorporate self-speaking skills in their daily training to improve competition performance.

The Enhancing English Reading Comprehension in Prathomsuksa 6 Students Through Communicative Language Teaching and Active Learning Activities

2025-07-10T21:44:44+07:00

Background and Aim: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and active learning activities in enhancing English reading comprehension among Prathomsuksa 6 students at Ban Nasee School. Given the challenges students face in reading comprehension, it is essential to develop effective teaching methods to enhance their skills. The researcher is interested in examining whether CLT and active learning activities can enhance students' reading abilities and what students' attitudes are toward these approaches. This study will compare students' reading comprehension abilities before and after teaching English reading using CLT and active learning activities. Additionally, it will assess students' attitudes toward the learning process.

Materials and Methods: This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and active learning activities in enhancing English reading comprehension among Prathomsuksa 6 students at Ban Nasee School. A total of 13 students were selected through cluster random sampling, and the study followed a one-group pretest-posttest design over 12 weeks. Thirteen students participated in 12 weeks of instruction, with two hours of class per week. The instruments used included 12 lesson plans, an English reading comprehension test, and an attitude questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, percentages, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-tests, dependent samples t-tests) to assess changes in reading comprehension and student attitudes. The findings provide insights into the potential of CLT and active learning to improve student engagement and reading comprehension in English.

Results: The results of this study revealed a significant improvement in students' English reading comprehension after the implementation of CLT and active learning activities. The pretest mean score increased from 11.61 (29.05%) to 32.30 (80.77%) in the posttest, exceeding the criterion of 70%. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in scores, indicating that the teaching methods effectively enhanced reading comprehension. Additionally, students demonstrated a positive attitude toward the use of CLT and active learning, reflecting high levels of engagement and satisfaction with the learning process. These results suggest the effectiveness of CLT and active learning strategies in improving reading comprehension skills.

Conclusion: The implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and active learning activities significantly improved English reading comprehension among Prathomsuksa 6 students. The results highlight both increased reading proficiency and positive student attitudes, demonstrating the effectiveness of these teaching methods.

A Development of Electronic Scoring System for Artistic Gymnastics Competitions Based on International Gymnastics Rules and Regulations

2025-07-10T21:44:26+07:00

Background and Aim: In China, artistic gymnastics is one of the traditionally advantageous programs in competitive sports, and it has long been in the leading position in the world. It is considered that the quality and objectivity of the refereeing work in gymnastics are a rather complex problem. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the rules of the competition, the preparation of the referees, the principles of formation of the team of referees, the control of the work of the referees, and the use of technical equipment. This research aimed to develop an electronic scoring system for artistic gymnastics competitions based on international gymnastics rules and regulations.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed-methods research, the process followed by these steps: First, research documents related to the international gymnastics rules and the electronic scoring system for artistic gymnastics competitions were studied. Second, five experts were invited to conduct in-depth interviews to create a draft components and system flowchart of an electronic scoring system for competitive gymnastics competitions, providing valuable insight into the current state of gymnastics scoring. Third, 20 experts were invited to conduct a Delphi consensus to screen the core indicators for the development of the electronic scoring system. In this step, an electronic scoring system for artistic gymnastics competitions was developed. Finally, nine experts were invited to confirm and improve the developed electronic scoring system for artistic gymnastics competitions through the connoisseurship method. This research used mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range to analyze the data. The criteria were median ≥ 3.50 and interquartile range ≤ 1.50.

Results: The results found that the developed electronic scoring system for artistic gymnastics competitions based on international gymnastics rules and regulations comprised three first-level indicators: (1) Electronic scoring system user interface; (2) Scoring modules and data processing; and (3) Data transmission. Additionally, the system incorporates 20 second-level indicators to support these key components, ensuring a comprehensive and efficient scoring process tailored to meet international standards.

Conclusion: The electronic scoring system for artistic gymnastic competition responded to the rules and regulations of artistic gymnastics, was appropriate, practical, and acceptable among the users who were referees.

Implementation of Early Childhood Science Education Course Based on Inquiry-Based Learning and Phenomenon-Based Learning to Enhance Scientific Inquiry Teaching Ability of Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers

2025-07-10T21:43:48+07:00

Background and aim: Scientific inquiry teaching ability is one of the key abilities of science teachers to carry out inquiry teaching. In reality, many teachers lack the will and ability to implement inquiry-based teaching independently, so the opportunities and quality of students' participation in inquiry learning will also be restricted (Meng Xiulan et al., 2012). Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the cultivation of the scientific inquiry teaching ability of pre-service early childhood teachers. This study focuses on the influence of early childhood science education courses based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning on the scientific inquiry teaching ability of pre-service early childhood teachers. Expanding the breadth and depth of the research on students' core literacy in science education is helpful to the development of students' science teaching ability. The purpose of this study was to compare the scientific inquiry teaching ability and students' satisfaction of pre-service early childhood teachers after learning through the early childhood science education course based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning, with the criterion set at 70%.

Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 30 third-year students majoring in preschool education at Taizhou College of Nanjing Normal University were investigated. This study used a scoring rubric of scientific inquiry teaching ability and students' satisfaction questionnaire, with the reliability of 0.93, 091 respectively. The measurement through the research instruments was conducted after the implementation of the early childhood science education course based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning. Data were collected and analyzed by means, standard deviation, and the determined criterion of 70% by using a t-test for one sample.

Results: The study found that the mean score of students’ scientific inquiry teaching ability after learning through an early childhood science education course based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning was 19.83, out of a full score of 24, with a standard deviation of 1.72. The posttest scores of students’ scientific inquiry teaching ability were greater than the criterion of 70% at.01 level of statistical significance (t = 9.64, p=0.001). The mean scores of students’ satisfaction after learning through early childhood science education course based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning was 4.55 from the full score of 5, and the standard deviation was 0.34 which was statistically higher than the criterion of 70% at.01 level of statistical significance (t = 16.68, p=0.001). It is considered to be a large effect of early childhood science education courses based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning on the scientific inquiry teaching ability of pre-service early childhood teachers.

Conclusion: The developed early childhood science education course based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning has a significant effect on enhancing the scientific inquiry teaching ability of pre-service early childhood teachers. The early childhood science education course, based on inquiry-based learning and phenomenon-based learning, has stimulated students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning and enhanced their ability and confidence in carrying out inquiry teaching to encourage early childhood exploration of the phenomenon through questions, experiments, and hands-on activities.

Study of Interactive Teaching Method to Enhance Oral English Ability of Seventh-Grade Students of Junior High Schools in Changchun City, Jilin Province

2025-07-10T21:44:07+07:00

Background and Aims： In the era of globalization, interactive pedagogy is used to enhance students' interest in learning, stimulate the internal motivation to learn oral English, and improve the sense of participation and language learning outcomes. The study aimed to assess the impact of interactive pedagogical learning methods on students' oral English ability and satisfaction. The significance of this research lies in innovating teaching methods and improving spoken English. By designing practice activities with clear goals, students are guided to participate in interactive practice learning.

Methodology: This study utilized a pre-experimental design featuring a one-group pretest-posttest model. The sample selected in this study was 30 students in grade 7 of the No.1 Junior High School in Changchun City, Jilin Province (1 class) in the academic year 2023, which was derived from a cluster random sampling method. The research tools were (1) Course lesson plan, (2) Oral English Quiz, and (3) Student satisfaction questionnaire. Conduct pre-test and post-test on the sample using the Oral English Quiz, and analyze the mean, standard deviation, paired sample t-test, and one-sample t-test of the data using statistical software.

Result: After using learning through the Interactive Teaching Method, the oral English ability improved by 13.75%, surpassing the predetermined criteria of 70% and the difference was statistically significant at 0.01. Based on the scores from the statistical student satisfaction questionnaire, the overall results of the Interactive Teaching Method on oral English ability by students are at a high level (M=4.81, SD=0.39).

Conclusion: Research has confirmed that the use of interactive teaching methods can significantly improve English speaking ability, stimulate students' interest in learning, develop their independent learning ability, increase their motivation and initiative, and meet their individual learning needs. This is the new trend of education in the future.

Determinants of English Major Students' Learning Performance in A Blended Learning English-Chinese Translation Course at Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology, China

2025-07-10T21:43:29+07:00

Background and Aim: With the higher demand for translators in recent years, the English-major Students' learning performance in the English-Chinese translation course should be improved. The SWOT analysis shows that blended learning can bring positive impacts on teaching methods and English-major Students' learning performance, while if the teaching methods and English-major Students' learning performance are not improved, the students’ employment will be affected negatively. This research aims to discover the determinants impacting English-major Students' Learning Performance in a Blended Learning English-Chinese Translation Course to help teachers improve teaching methods and enhance English-major students' learning performance.

Materials and Methods: Before distributing the questionnaire, Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) and a pilot test of Cronbach's Alpha were adopted to test the content validity and reliability. Interviews were used to collect qualitative data, with 20 students selected for pre-interviews. Subsequently, the Wenjuanxing application was utilized to collect quantitative data from 175 students, exploring the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Jamovi's multiple linear regression analysis was employed to strengthen the framework and hypotheses. After validating the framework, an intervention plan was developed, and the hypotheses were tested. During the IDI stage, 30 students from a blended learning English-to-Chinese translation course were selected to participate, spanning 16 weeks. During the post-IDI stage, participants were again administered some questionnaires, and additional observations and interviews were conducted. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed and compared to confirm the findings of the IDI.

Results: The hypothesis that the five dependent variables (behavioral engagement, learning anxiety, learning attitude, learning motivation, and student-student interaction) are related to students' learning performance has been significantly verified. Then, after IDI, the five independent variables and dependent variables changed significantly.

Conclusion: Behavioral engagement， learning anxiety, learning attitude, learning motivation, and student-student interaction have a significant impact on students' learning performance in a blended learning English-Chinese translation course.

The Impact of Blended Learning on Students' Grades in Introductory Programming Courses

2025-01-19T23:08:19+07:00

Background and Aim: Blended learning has gradually become an important part of educational reform. This study selects first-year students majoring in Computer Science and Technology from Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology in China as the research subjects. It compares the application effects of blended learning and traditional teaching in introductory programming courses through a quasi-experimental design. The aim is to explore the impact of blended learning on students' programming course grades, verify its advantages over traditional teaching, and provide empirical references for computer programming education.

Materials and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, selecting 110 first-year Computer Science and Technology students. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups, each with 55 students. The experimental group used the Rain Classroom platform for blended learning, while the control group received traditional classroom instruction. Data on programming skills and course grades were collected for comparison.

Results: The findings revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in their understanding of programming concepts (p = 0.058, d = 0.366). Nevertheless, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher performance than the control group in problem-solving skills (p < .001, d = 1.636), debugging and troubleshooting (p < .001, d = 1.974), and algorithmic thinking (p < .001, d = 0.974). Independent samples t-tests confirmed that blended learning significantly enhanced students' abilities in these practical skills and higher-order cognitive domains.

Conclusion: Compared with traditional teaching, blended learning has a significant effect on enhancing students' problem-solving skills, debugging and troubleshooting abilities, as well as algorithmic thinking. However, its direct impact on improving understanding of programming concepts may not be immediately evident. These findings provide strong evidence to support the application of blended learning in introductory programming courses and offer valuable references for future teaching practices and research.

The Mobile Singing Software of Technology in the Study of the Influence of Vocal Music Teaching on College Students' Achievement

2025-01-19T09:33:29+07:00

Background and Aim: The study investigates the impact of WeSing, a mobile singing application, on the vocal music achievement of sophomore students majoring in vocal performance at the Kunming University of Communication. Traditional vocal training in China, which heavily relies on repetitive piano-accompanied practice, often lacks diversity. To address these limitations, this research explores whether integrating WeSing into vocal training can enhance students' academic performance.

Materials and Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative research approach. Participants included 80 students from two classes taught by the researcher, with 40 students in each class. One class served as the experimental group, incorporating WeSing into their training over eight weeks, while the control group continued with traditional methods. Three industry experts evaluated the participants based on the university's official scoring criteria, aligned with institutional rules and guidelines. The criteria encompassed five key performance variables: musical integrity, performer expressiveness, breathing techniques, pitch accuracy, and rhythm. Pretest and post-test score differences for each variable were calculated and analyzed using independent samples t-tests to compare the experimental and control groups.

Results: The performance of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group. WeSing had a positive impact on students' academic achievements, especially in terms of musical integrity and performance expressiveness. This highlights the potential of WeSing's AI-driven functions in complementing traditional teaching methods and promoting the modernization of vocal music education in China.

Conclusion: The research results show that WeSing has a positive impact on the academic performance of vocal music students. The improvement is not only reflected in aspects such as musical integrity, performer’s expressiveness, breathing for singing, rhythm, and pitch accuracy, but also indicates that technological intervention enriches students' learning methods, encourages self-updating, and cultivates autonomous learning ability and independent thinking ability. This new research highlights the advantages of innovative teaching models, promotes the formation of personalized and interactive teaching, and verifies the value of technology-assisted teaching. The flexible learning paths provided by WeSing meet the needs and habits of different students, offering a new direction for vocal music teaching and helping to cultivate more outstanding vocal music talents.

The Effects of Mobile Augmented Reality on Students' Learning Performance in Packaging Design Lessons

2025-01-23T20:56:45+07:00

Background and Aim: This study explores the impact of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) technology in enhancing students' learning performance in packaging design education. By comparing MAR-supported teaching methods with traditional approaches, the research aims to advance knowledge on how MAR enhances learning outcomes in design disciplines. Specifically, the research focuses on five key variables: visual effects, spatial modeling, creativity and imagination, information dissemination, and interactivity. This research addresses a gap in the existing literature by demonstrating MAR’s advantages over conventional teaching strategies, which often lack interactivity and real-time feedback mechanisms.

Materials and Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved two groups of third-year students from the Visual Communication Design program at Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology. The experimental group (39 students) utilized MAR technology, while the control group (38 students) adhered to traditional teaching practices. The research spanned eight weeks, employing pre- and post-tests to measure outcomes related to the key variables. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests, with statistical significance assessed at p < 0.001.

Results: The experimental group utilizing Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) technology showed significant improvements across all five key variables. Visual effects improved by 19.6%, demonstrating enhanced application of design principles through interactive 3D modeling. Spatial modeling scores rose by 18.4%, reflecting MAR’s ability to support the creation of functional and innovative designs. Creativity and imagination increased by 21.3%, facilitated by MAR’s real-time exploration capabilities. Information dissemination improved as students communicated product details and branding concepts more effectively. The highest gain, 23.4%, was observed in interactivity, attributed to MAR’s engaging and collaborative features. These findings emphasize MAR’s transformative role in packaging design education by making learning more immersive and interactive.

Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating MAR into packaging design education fosters an interactive and immersive learning environment, significantly improving students' comprehension, creativity, and practical skills. To maximize its impact, future research should explore scalable implementations across various educational contexts. The results advocate for MAR’s adoption in curricula, promoting innovation in design pedagogy and educational practices.

The 5E-based SPOC Instructional Approach on the ICVE Platform for Barista Training Courses

2025-02-07T14:15:11+07:00

Background and Aim: In the digital era, traditional single-method teaching approaches are increasingly insufficient to meet the demands of modern education. Therefore, this study integrates the traditional 5E instructional model with modern educational technology—the ICVE platform's SPOC. It examines the impact of this approach on students' academic performance and their acceptance of ICVE SPOC technology. By leveraging the 5E-based ICVE SPOC Instructional Approach, the study aims to refine teaching strategies, enhance instructional effectiveness, and improve the quality of talent cultivation in barista training courses.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed to evaluate students' performance, including barista knowledge, customer service provision, coffee station organization, coffee preparation and serving, and an overall barista knowledge and skills score, to assess the impact of the 5E-based ICVE SPOC for Barista Training Courses. Additionally, based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a random sample of 15 students from the experimental group was selected to respond to open-ended questions evaluating their acceptance of the 5E-based ICVE SPOC instructional approach.

Results: The implementation of the 5E-based ICVE SPOC instructional approach significantly improved students' performance. Additionally, respondents generally held a positive attitude toward the ICVE SPOC, particularly appreciating its rich learning resources, convenient classroom activities, and timely learning feedback. Based on the TAM, under the guidance of the 5E instructional model, the SPOC functionality of the ICVE platform enhanced learners' perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) by providing abundant course resources, convenient instructional activities, and timely learning feedback. Furthermore, the study also found that PU and PEOU significantly influenced participants' attitudes toward technology (ATT) and behavioral intention (BI).

Conclusion: This study confirms that the 5E-based ICVE SPOC instructional approach significantly enhances learning outcomes in barista training courses. The deep integration of the classic instructional model with modern intelligent teaching technologies will drive transformations in teaching methods, support vocational education classroom reform, and foster innovation in curriculum development.

Factors Impacting Student Satisfaction with Blended Learning in College English Course: A Case Study of a Private University in Guangdong, China

2025-01-24T09:58:21+07:00

Background and Aim: Student satisfaction with blended learning plays a pivotal role in enhancing learning outcomes and fostering academic success. This study examines the impact of five independent variables—teaching presence, cognitive presence, learner-learner interactions, learner-facilitator interactions, and learning motivation—on the dependent variable of student satisfaction within the context of blended learning in a college English course. Furthermore, it seeks to identify significant differences among these variables.

Materials and Methods: This study, conducted at Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology (ZUST), utilized both qualitative and quantitative research methods across three stages to investigate factors influencing student satisfaction with blended learning in a college English course. In the first stage, a survey was administered to 303 students from four schools to assess key variables, including teaching presence, cognitive presence, learner-learner interactions, learner-facilitator interactions, and learning motivation. The validity and reliability of the survey were confirmed using the IOC method and Cronbach’s alpha, with data analyzed through multiple linear regression. The second stage involved a 16-week strategic intervention with 30 participants aimed at enhancing the identified factors. In the final stage, qualitative data from interviews and quantitative data from surveys were collected, and paired-sample t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-intervention results, evaluating the effectiveness of the strategic plan in improving student satisfaction.

Results: In multiple linear regression, the study revealed that teaching presence, cognitive presence, learner-learner interactions, learner-facilitator interactions, and learning motivation significantly impacted students’ satisfaction, though the degree of influence varied among these factors. Finally, the results from the paired-sample t-test for comparison demonstrated a significant difference in all variables between the current situation and the expected situation.

Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of teaching presence, cognitive presence, learner-learner interactions, learner-facilitator interactions, and learning motivation in fostering student satisfaction in blended learning environments. The implementation of the strategic plan significantly enhanced these aspects, highlighting their importance. These findings provide valuable insights for improving student satisfaction in blended learning.

Guideline for the Management of Novice Basketball University Teams in Guangdong Province

2025-01-13T09:00:21+07:00

Background and Aim: This research aims to develop guidelines for the management of novice basketball university teams in Guangdong Province using management theory by investigating the current situation and problems of novice basketball university team management in Guangdong Province. Additionally, find out the main factors affecting the management of novice basketball teams at Guangdong University and put forward countermeasures to solve the problem. Finally, develop guidelines for the management of novice basketball university teams in Guangdong Province, which will be tested for applicability and validity by the experts using the connoisseurship method. This research mainly improves the management of novice basketball teams in Guangdong universities.

Materials and Methods: The population of this research consists of three universities in Guangdong Province with novice basketball teams, namely Guangdong Teachers College of Foreign Languages and Arts, Guangdong Light Industry Vocational College, and Guangdong Institute of Finance. Seventy-nine novice basketball team members and eight coaches from three universities were a sample group of this research. A purposive sampling method was used. The questionnaire was distributed to the sample group to investigate the current situation in managing novice basketball university teams. After that, seven experts were invited to conduct interviews to draft the key elements for developing management guidelines. Nine experts conducted focus group discussions to develop management guidelines. Finally, seven experts conducted a connoisseurship discussion to confirm the developed management guideline. In this research, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. The IOC value was as follows: the questionnaire for novice basketball team members was 0.86, the questionnaire for novice basketball team coaches was 0.90, and the interview form was 0.90.

Results: The results showed that guideline for the management of novice basketball university teams in Guangdong Province was organized as follows: (1) planning divided into four aspects, namely set clear objectives, needs assessment, strategic partnerships, and annual development plan; (2) organizing divided four aspects, namely allocate resources effectively, build a structured team, recruit skilled coaches, and training program; (3) leading divided four aspects namely motivational leadership, player development, promote basketball on campus, and encourage open communication; (4) controlling divided four aspects namely monitor progress, feedback mechanisms, accountability systems, and evaluate team and coach performance.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that the ‘Management Guide for New College Basketball Teams in Guangdong Province’ is comprehensive and targeted, based on the POLC (plan-organize-lead-control) management theory. The expert group agreed that the guide is very suitable for the resource conditions of universities in Guangdong Province and has high practicality and promotion value, considering the operational and development needs of novice teams. They can provide systematic guidance for improving the management efficiency and competitiveness of new college basketball teams in Guangdong Province.

Development of the Evaluation Index System in Internal Governance Ability of Social Sports Associations in Guangdong Province

2025-01-31T06:40:26+07:00

Background and Aim: As a major sports province in China, Guangdong Province has always attached great importance to the development of sports and actively responded to the national policy deployment. Through the research on the internal governance of provincial social sports associations in Guangdong Province, the internal governance evaluation index system is established it is beneficial to the comprehensive development of social sports associations and better service for the national fitness cause, but it also conducive to the government to timely understand the current situation of social associations, more reasonable allocation of resources, overall layout. The objective of this research was to develop the evaluation index system for the internal governance ability of social sports associations in Guangdong Province.

Materials and Methods: In this research, the sample group consisted of 65 Guangdong Provincial social sports associations. A literature review, questionnaire, and interviews with seven experts were conducted to investigate the current situation of the internal governance ability of social sports associations in Guangdong Province. Based on the current situation, the researcher would draft the Delphi question framework. After that, 19 experts were invited to conduct the Delphi consensus. After three rounds of Delphi consensus, the evaluation index of the internal governance ability of social sports associations was formulated. Then, seven experts were invited to perform the connoisseurship to evaluate and revise the indicator system. Finally, by conducting an on-site investigation of 15 social sports associations in Guangdong Province, the actual operation of the index system is verified, and the development status of social sports associations in Guangdong Province is preliminarily judged according to the index system. The mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were used to analyze the data.

Results: The evaluation index system of the internal governance ability of social sports associations consists of 5 first-level indicators, respectively: Institutional Framework, Human Resource Management, Financial Asset Management, Archive Seal Management, and Development Planning. These indicators include 18 second-level indicators and also includes 39 third-level indicators.

Conclusion: The internal governance evaluation index system of social sports associations that has been established has played a positive role in improving the governance level of associations and promoting the development of social sports undertakings. In the future, we will continue to listen to the opinions and suggestions of experts and constantly optimize and improve the index system to better adapt to the needs and challenges of the development of the association and promote the long-term, comprehensive, and orderly development of the social sports association.

Factors Influencing Private University Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Learning Tools

2025-02-07T14:29:32+07:00

Background and Aim: Mobile learning is an emerging trend in education. Rain Classroom is a mobile learning tool and has a significant correlation with mobile learning. However, within the personal and informal learning environment, several research problems emerge. The study aims to explore the factors influencing private university students’ behavioral intention to use Rain Classroom as a mobile learning tool, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), extended with system quality, information quality, and perceived satisfaction.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative survey of 508 undergraduates was conducted, with data analyzed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SPSS 27 and AMOS 27.

Results: The findings indicated that factors including facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, social influence, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, system quality, information quality, and perceived satisfaction all significantly influenced undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use the rain classroom (p <.001). Furthermore, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, social influence, and performance expectancy indirectly influenced behavioral intention via hedonic motivation. This is rarely paid attention to by previous studies.

Conclusion: This study enriches mobile learning research, particularly regarding Rain Classroom in private university settings, highlighting the importance of system reliability, content quality, and user satisfaction in promoting adoption. Notably, it also emphasizes the significant influence of social influence, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions on hedonic motivation, a facet underexplored in previous studies.

The Impact of Incorporating a Collaborative Podcast Project into a Broadcasting and Hosting Art Course on Student Performance

2025-02-08T07:19:04+07:00

Background and Aim: With the rapid growth of internet technology and artificial intelligence, students in broadcasting and hosting programs face several challenges. They often lack practical skills, making it hard to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world communication. The changing media landscape also requires them to adapt to new formats, but their ability to use and integrate new technologies is limited. Platforms like TikTok and Red Book dominate content distribution. While they provide entertainment, they may weaken students' critical thinking skills. This can create information echo chambers, making deep analysis and creative content production more difficult. This study explores the impact of collaborative podcast projects in broadcasting and hosting courses. It applies podcast technology in an educational setting, using ideas from constructivist, humanistic, and connectivist learning theories. A quasi-experimental design is used to assess students’ Mandarin tone and broadcast pronunciation, creativity, writing, post-production, and overall performance. Student feedback is also collected to examine the benefits of podcast technology in this field. The findings aim to help educators improve teaching methods, enhance course design, and support better learning outcomes.

Materials and Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental design. The participants are 120 first-year students majoring in broadcasting and hosting arts at Shanghai Lida College. The study examines the impact of collaborative podcast creation on student performance in this course. The sample size is 64 students. The experiment includes a treatment group and a control group to compare differences in key variables. A lottery sampling method is used to randomly select two classes. One class is assigned to the control group and the other to the treatment group. Both groups take a pre-test and a post-test. An independent t-test is conducted using Jamovi to analyze the data. At the end of the course, an open-ended questionnaire is given to the treatment group. The responses are analyzed using NVivo 15, focusing on attitudes toward podcast technology and learning motivation. This helps to explore the factors affecting student performance in collaborative podcast projects. The intervention was an eight-week collaborative podcast project, where students worked in teams to produce and distribute podcasts.

Results: The findings indicate that while the improvement in Mandarin tone and broadcast pronunciation did not reach statistical significance, collaborative podcast projects have the potential to enhance student performance in creativity, production skills, and writing skills. The analysis of open-ended responses suggests that learning motivation in the podcast project was driven by creativity, emotional engagement, a sense of achievement, and collaboration. Additionally, students’ attitudes toward podcast technology were largely positive, with frequent mentions of its role in diversifying professional knowledge and expanding future career opportunities.

Furthermore, the results highlight that although students perceived learning new technology as a challenge, completing the project gave them a strong sense of achievement and increased confidence in their technical skills. These findings support the integration of podcast projects as a valuable instructional approach in broadcasting and hosting education.

Conclusion: Integrating collaborative podcast projects into broadcasting and hosting courses has the potential to improve students' creativity, post-production skills, and writing abilities. The process of podcast creation involves deep learning cycles, including collaboration, emotional engagement, creative learning, a sense of achievement, and self-directed learning, all of which positively influence learning motivation. As a learning tool, podcast technology diversifies professional knowledge and expands future career opportunities.

How to Cope with High Temperature and Humidity – The Guidelines for Marathon Organizers

2025-02-08T07:16:09+07:00

Background and Aim: With the rapid development of marathon sports, the host cities of marathon events have expanded from major cities in developed countries to various regions around the world, including many tropical towns and areas that hold marathon races during hot seasons. High temperatures and humidity pose significant threats to athletes' performance and health, increasing the risk of Exertional heat-related illness (EHRI). Therefore, event organizers face the great challenge of safely conducting marathon races under such conditions. Global sports organizations have proposed detailed plans and suggestions for medical services during marathon competitions, but these experiences are scattered across different categories of research, and there are no specific articles to guide organizers on how to deal with such an environment. This study aims to construct a set of guidelines for managing marathon competitions under high temperatures and humidity.

Materials and Methods: This study was summarized into a draft guideline through a literature review, including sports industry guidelines and other relevant research. More than 20 experts from China participated in two rounds of the Delphi method. These experts include athletes with more than 50 marathon race experience, coaches with more than 10 years of experience, medical personnel with more than 10 years of service experience, and organizers with more than 20 marathon race organization experience.

Results: The guidelines describe in detail, from 4 major aspects and six stages, a total of 37 points, what marathon organizers should do when dealing with high temperature and high humidity environments.

Conclusion: The contribution of this study lies in providing a systematic approach to help event organizers better manage marathon competitions under high temperatures and humidity, ensuring the health and safety of athletes. Through the Delphi method and expert reviews, the study ensures the scientific and practical nature of the guidelines, offering valuable references for marathon event organizers worldwide.

Impact of Cross-Cultural Internship Experience on International Students' Psychological Stress and Adaptability

2025-02-10T18:07:35+07:00

Background and Aim: Cross-cultural internships have become increasingly popular among international students, offering valuable opportunities for personal and professional growth. However, the challenges associated with adapting to a new cultural environment can lead to psychological stress, affecting students' overall well-being and internship performance. This study aims to investigate the impact of cross-cultural internship experiences on international students' psychological stress and adaptability and to identify strategies for managing stress and enhancing adaptability.

Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, combining surveys and semi-structured interviews with 300 international students who completed cross-cultural internships. Participants were selected through purposive sampling for diverse perspectives based on nationality, language ability, and cultural distance, which is vital for the study's reliability. Quantitative data measured psychological stress and adaptability, while qualitative data explored challenges, coping strategies, and personal growth. Statistical and thematic analyses examined the relationship between internship experiences and psychological outcomes.

Results: The study revealed that cross-cultural internships had a significant impact on international students' psychological stress and adaptability. Quantitative findings indicated a positive correlation between the duration and intensity of cultural exposure and levels of stress and adaptability. Qualitative themes emerged, highlighting common challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, and work-related pressures. Effective coping strategies, including seeking social support, engaging in self-reflection, and developing cultural competence, were identified. Participants also reported personal growth outcomes, such as increased resilience, self-awareness, and intercultural communication skills.

Conclusion: Cross-cultural internships present challenges and opportunities for international students' psychological well-being and adaptability. The findings underscore the importance of providing targeted support and resources, such as a mentor or homeroom teacher and staff, to help students manage stress and enhance their adaptability in cross-cultural settings. Educational institutions and host organizations should collaborate to develop pre-departure training, on-site mentoring, and re-entry support programs. Further research should examine the long-term effects of cross-cultural internships on career trajectories.

Program to Enhance Ethical Leadership of College Counselors in Chongqing, China

2025-02-12T22:31:02+07:00

Background and Aims: The core of leadership for college counselors in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is ethical leadership, and the legal professional identity and responsibilities of college counselors with the fundamental mission of education in China require the group who distributes to colleges and universities across the PRC with good ethical leadership. The purposes of this research were to 1) Investigate the components of ethical leadership of college counselors, 2) explore the existing situation and desirable conditions and needs for improvement of college counselors in Chongqing, China, based on the components finding, 3) develop a program (draft) to enhance the ethical leadership of college counselor in Chongqing, China, 4) evaluate the feasibility and suitability of the program.

Materials and Methods: The research included 4 phases. Phase 1 was to find out components of ethical leadership components with indicators through the conceptualized process of components of college counselors taking into consideration contextualization and related research of college counselors, after which the integrated results of components with its indicators will be checked through expert consultation; Phase 2 was to find out the current situation and desirable conditions and needs for improvement of college counselors in Chongqing through quantitative study with data analysis of results of a questionnaire. From 406 respondents as sampling through stratified random sampling in Chongqing Universities and colleges, Phase 3 was to draft a program to enhance the ethical leadership of college counselors in Chongqing, China, based on the study in Phase 2, and interview 10 experts. The 70:20:10 model was employed as based principles, which has also been confirmed by Phase 4 to evaluate the feasibility and suitability of the program by the five experts, resulting in the data including average and standard deviation of feasibility and suitability.

Results: The general results found that 1. components of ethical leadership of college counselors included 1) Integrity, 2) Fairness, 3) People/Orientation, 4) Ethical Guidance, 5) Role Clarification, 6) Power Sharing, 2. The current situation of ethical leadership overall was at a high level, whereas the desired situation that requires was at the highest level. The improved needs of ethical leadership of college counselors from the highest to the lowest in sequence were ethical guidance, integrity, power sharing, fairness, role clarification, and people orientation. 3. The six main guidelines from a qualitative study with specific aims of every item and corresponding methods were found out, 4. Experts’ evaluation of every item ranged from high to the highest suitability the average value in suitability is from 4.00 to 4.60, which means every item's suitability level is high or the highest, while the average value in feasibility is from 4.00 to 5.00, which means every feasibility item level is high or the highest.

Conclusion: The study found that ethical leadership for college counselors includes six key components, with the current level being high and the desired level being the highest. Experts rated the suitability and feasibility of the leadership guidelines highly, indicating strong support for their implementation.

Development of Multiball Feeding Training Program to Improve Selected Physical Fitness and Skills in Novice Badminton Students

2025-02-13T16:32:02+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to address the limitations of traditional badminton training methods in effectively enhancing both physical fitness and skill development in novice players. Many beginners struggle with footwork, reaction time, endurance, and stroke accuracy due to insufficient training intensity and limited shuttle repetition. To address these issues, this research developed a multiball feeding training program to enhance selected physical fitness components and badminton skills in novice badminton students.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design with a two-group pretest-posttest approach was employed. The sample consisted of 46 students from Hangzhou Senior High School in Hangzhou City, who were systematically assigned into two groups based on their Wall Volley Test scores. The experimental group underwent an eight-week multiball feeding training program developed by the researcher, with a validity score of 0.97 (range: 0.80-1.00). Training sessions were conducted after school, twice a week, for two hours per session. The control group followed a traditional badminton training program. Research instruments included the multiball feeding training program, selected physical fitness tests (zig-zag run, hand release push-up, standing long jump, reaction time, and 1500-meter run), and badminton skill assessments (footwork test, wall volley test, short serve test, clear test, smash test, and accuracy stroke test). Data were collected before and after the experiment and analyzed using an independent t-test for between-group comparisons and a paired t-test for within-group comparisons, with a significance level of p<.05.

Results: The findings indicated that (1) Both the multiball training and traditional training groups demonstrated improvements in physical fitness and badminton skills; (2) Participants in the multiball training program showed significantly greater improvements in all five physical fitness components and five out of six badminton skill assessments compared to the traditional training group, except the short serve test, where no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion: The multiball feeding training program was more effective in enhancing both physical fitness and badminton skills compared to the traditional training approach. Future research should explore its long-term effects and applicability in different training populations.

Development Tennis Teaching Program with Game-based Learning to Improve Skills and Specific Fitness for University Students

2025-02-08T07:03:29+07:00

Background and Aims: Tennis is a sport that demands both technical proficiency and physical fitness, yet traditional teaching methods often fail to engage students effectively. This study aims to develop and evaluate a game-based learning (GBL) approach in tennis instruction to enhance skill acquisition and improve specific fitness among university students. The primary objectives are to analyze how tennis content can be integrated with GBL and to compare the effectiveness of this approach with traditional instruction.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was employed, involving 60 female university students aged 18–19 from Changchun University of Humanities. The participants were equally divided into an experimental group (n=30), which received game-based learning instruction, and a control group (n=30), which followed a traditional teaching method. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with one 90-minute session per week. Tennis skills and specific fitness levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests for intergroup comparisons and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc testing to analyze improvements within the experimental group. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results: The results indicate that both groups showed improvements in tennis skills and specific fitness. However, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater progress in forehand accuracy, backhand control, serving consistency, agility, reaction time, and explosive strength (p < 0.05). Additionally, qualitative observations revealed higher motivation and engagement among students in the game-based learning group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating game-based learning into tennis instruction is more effective than traditional methods in enhancing both technical skill development and physical fitness. This research supports the broader application of interactive and engaging learning strategies in sports education, emphasizing the need for innovative pedagogical approaches to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.

Cultural Synthesis in Zhang Zhao's “Chinese Melody”: National Characteristics in Piano Adaptations of Folk Songs

2025-02-21T08:15:40+07:00

Background and Aim: The piano adaptations of Chinese Melody by Chinese pianist-composer Zhang Zhao represent a major contribution to the synthesis of cross-cultural music. This study seeks to explore the national characteristics embedded in these works and examine how Zhang integrates Western compositional techniques with Chinese musical traditions.

Materials and Methods: This research employs a comprehensive musicological analysis of selected folk song adaptations, concentrating on four key dimensions: melodic treatment, harmonic language, rhythmic patterns, and timbral exploration.

Results: The analysis highlights Zhang's distinctive approach to cultural synthesis, demonstrated through: (1) the preservation of pentatonic and heptatonic modes, enhanced with ornamental techniques derived from traditional Chinese music; (2) the fusion of Chinese harmonic colors—such as parallel fifths and open octaves—with Western functional harmony; (3) hybrid rhythmic patterns that blend pianistic writing with elements inspired by traditional Chinese instrumental techniques; and (4) innovative timbral solutions that evoke ethnic sonorities while preserving the virtuosic traditions of Western piano music.

Conclusion: Zhang Zhao's adaptations present an exemplary model of cultural dialogue in piano composition, skillfully balancing ethnic authenticity with the conventions of Western art music. This study provides a significant contribution to ethnomusicological scholarship and serves as a valuable resource for composers seeking to incorporate folk materials into their works.

Research on the Failure of Capitalist Democracy in the Platform Economy Era

2025-02-19T22:05:45+07:00

Background and Aim: The platform economy has emerged as a significant force reshaping capitalist political systems through power concentration and data monopolization. This study aims to examine the systemic impact of platform enterprises on political democracy, focusing on how technological dominance and network effects transform traditional democratic mechanisms.

Materials and Methods: The research employs an interdisciplinary approach combining legal analysis and Marxist political economy perspectives to examine platform power concentration, data monopolization, and their effects on democratic participation. The study analyzes algorithmic governance, information filtering systems, and their impact on public opinion formation.

Results: The analysis reveals that platform enterprises have acquired unprecedented political influence through: (1) market monopolies enabled by technological dominance; (2) control over public opinion through algorithmic governance; (3) data monopolization creating severe information asymmetries; and (4) establishment of new production relations through data control, fundamentally altering political power distribution.

Conclusion: Addressing democratic dysfunction in the platform economy era requires multi-tiered institutional innovations, including enhanced data protection laws, anti-monopoly measures, and transparent algorithm governance. A collaborative governance model involving diverse stakeholders is essential for balancing platform development with democratic values.

Construction of Gross Motor Development Test and Evaluation for Kindergarten Students of Guangzhou, China

2025-02-10T18:05:53+07:00

Background and Aims: Kindergarten student development is crucial as it lays the foundation for lifelong learning and social skills. Proper nurturing in cognitive, emotional, and physical aspects helps children adapt, grow, and succeed in future academic and personal endeavors. This research aims to develop and validate a comprehensive evaluation scale that accurately assesses kindergarten students' gross motor skills, including stability, locomotion, and object control.

Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The Delphi method and expert focus groups were used to refine evaluation indicators. The study population comprised 21 experts in early childhood education, including 7 university administrators, 7 professionals, and 7 practical instructors, each with over 10 years of experience. A purposive sample of 19 experts participated in the final expert validation process. For field testing, a random sample of 342 kindergarten students from eight kindergartens across 11 districts in Guangzhou City was assessed. The quantitative analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0, SUPSSAU, and Excel, ensuring statistical reliability and validity. The qualitative analysis included a thematic analysis of expert interviews and focus group discussions, providing contextual insights into the evaluation framework’s applicability.

Results: The findings led to the development of a preliminary evaluation scale for assessing kindergarten students' basic motor skills. The scale comprises three dimensions and 15 test actions, with systematically assigned index weights. It demonstrates appropriate levels of difficulty, strong discriminatory power, and robust reliability and validity. A comprehensive evaluation reference standard was established, revealing no significant gender differences. Additionally, the scale enables both situational and individual diagnostics, providing a nuanced understanding of children's motor skills development.

Conclusion: This study contributes to the advancement of motor skills assessment in early childhood education by establishing a scientifically validated testing tool and evaluation framework for Chinese preschoolers. These findings enrich the theoretical foundation of motor development research and offer practical implications for educators and policymakers.

The Vocal Music Guidebook of Hangzhou Local Drama in Zhejiang for Teaching Students at Hangzhou Normal University, The People’s Republic of China

2025-02-11T06:43:38+07:00

Background and Aim: The research aimed to develop a vocal music guidebook for Hangzhou's local drama, Hang Drama. It focused on exploring the foundational knowledge of Hang drama, constructing a comprehensive guidebook for teaching, implementing this guidebook in experimental teaching settings, and evaluating the effectiveness of instruction based on its use. The overall purpose was to enable students to learn and perform Hang drama effectively.

Results: The research focused on enhancing the understanding and performance of Hang drama among students. It began by exploring existing academic materials to organize foundational principles and theoretical knowledge, enabling students to gain a deeper understanding of Hang Drama. A guidebook was then constructed, tailored to the needs of first-year music students at Hangzhou Normal University, incorporating expert suggestions and combining theory with practical singing exercises. This guidebook was designed to gradually introduce students to the complexities of Hang drama, starting from basic concepts and progressing to more advanced singing techniques. During the 16 hours of instructional sessions, students engaged in both theoretical learning and vocal practice. Evaluation results indicated that all students achieved satisfactory outcomes, meeting the course objectives and receiving positive feedback.

Conclusion: The guidebook aims to teach students to sing Hang drama, enrich the content of music courses, and learn local culture. Better promote the inheritance and development of the intangible culture of the local Hang drama.

Development of Health Education Teaching Model for Highland Area Middle Schools in Honghe Prefecture

2025-02-19T11:20:15+07:00

Background and Aim: Due to the challenging living environment, underdeveloped economic conditions, and limited educational resources in highland regions, such as the Honghe highlands, the health and well-being of young students require greater attention. Moreover, there was a noticeable gap in localized health education curricula that considered the unique cultural, environmental, and socioeconomic contexts of highland areas in Honghe Prefecture. As a result, middle school students in these regions lack the proper health knowledge, skills, and behaviors necessary to improve their overall well-being. To enhance the health levels of students in these areas, it is essential to improve health awareness, cultivate positive health behaviors, and promote a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, this research aims to develop a health education teaching model for highland area middle schools in Honghe Prefecture.

Materials and Methods: This research utilized a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research. To study the current situation of the implementation of health education teaching in middle schools in the highland areas, the study distributed a total of 375 questionnaires to 9^th-grade students in middle schools in the highland areas of Honghe Prefecture, interviewed 7 teachers in middle schools in the highland areas of Honghe Prefecture, the students' questionnaires and interview outlines passed the IOC test of 5 experts, IOC=0.94 (0.60-1.00), IOC=0.91(0.80-1.00), and finally constructed a model of the health education curriculum in the highland areas of Honghe Prefecture. Two rounds of Delphi involved 19 experts. The focus group method was used to determine the health teaching model through 9 experts. The data obtained from the questionnaire are analyzed using the average and standard deviation. Consensus data are evaluated using the median and interquartile range, with a criterion of a median ≥ 3.50 and an interquartile range ≤ 1.50.

Results: A health education teaching model for highland area middle schools in Honghe prefecture was developed, which included 9 first-level indicators, namely, school management, program objectives, educational content, teaching methods, effectiveness evaluation, resources and materials, teacher support, implementation strategy, and student learning attitude. 24 second-level indicators and 54 third-level indicators.

Conclusion: The health education teaching model for highland area middle schools in Honghe prefecture is both innovative and valuable. This teaching model can effectively enhance students’ understanding of and ability to address health challenges specific to the plateau environment, promote their physical and mental well-being, and foster healthy habits for adapting to life in high-altitude regions.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Health Status Among Senior University Students in Sichuan, China

2025-02-19T09:01:32+07:00

Background and Aim: Physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also improves mental well-being, boosts immunity, and enhances overall quality of life. This study examines the relationship between physical activity levels and health status among older adults attending a senior university in Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China. With China's aging population increasing, understanding the impact of physical activity on health is crucial for improving the quality of life among the elderly.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 282 participants aged 60 and above, using stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering demographics, physical activity levels, and health status. Validity (0.85) and reliability (0.88) were ensured. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and Pearson correlation.

Results: Most participants were male (46.81%), aged 61-70 years (46.81%), married (46.10%), and had primary education (73.76%). Moderate-to-high levels of physical activity significantly improved physical, mental, social, and spiritual health. A positive correlation was found among different health dimensions, highlighting the interrelated nature of health.

Conclusion: This study examines the relationship between physical activity levels and health outcomes in older adults. The results show that moderate and vigorous physical activity has a significant positive impact on physical, mental, social, and psychological health. Specifically, compared to inactive participants, those engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity experience significant reductions in physical frailty, psychological decline, and social health deterioration. Ordered multinomial logistic regression analysis reveals that both vigorous physical activity (PhyA=1) and moderate physical activity (PhyA=2) have negative regression coefficients for all health statuses with significant p-values, indicating a positive effect on health outcomes. In terms of correlations, physical health, mental health, social health, and psychological health are significantly positively correlated, with correlation coefficients of 0.657 between physical and mental health, 0.606 between physical and social health, and 0.588 between physical and psychological health. However, these correlations vary by activity level. At inactive levels, no significant correlations were found between health statuses. At moderate intensity levels, a significant positive correlation between mental and social health was observed, while at vigorous activity levels, no significant correlations between health statuses were found. Additionally, the study examines how various factors such as gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, BMI, caregiver status, and participation in senior clubs relate to physical activity levels. The results show that retirees (59.93%) engage more in vigorous physical activity, while farmers (a higher proportion) participate more in moderate-intensity physical activity.

Management Model for Chengdu to be the Sports Capital of the People’s Republic of China

2025-02-07T14:10:22+07:00

Background and Aim: From the perspective of the sports industry, with the continuous expansion of the sports consumption market, Chengdu's sports industry has shown a trend of diversified development, covering multiple fields such as sports event operation, sports training, sports equipment manufacturing and sales, and sports tourism. Although Chengdu has significant advantages in building a sports capital, there are still some problems. Therefore, this research aims to develop a management model for Chengdu to be the sports capital of the People’s Republic of China.

Materials and Methods: This research employed a mixed methods approach. Through literature review and experts’ interviews with 11 experts, the questionnaire for Delphi was developed (IOC=0.90). The researcher invited 19 experts to conduct three rounds of Delphi consensus, aiming to create a management model for Chengdu to be the sports capital. Finally, 7 experts confirmed the developed management model using the connoisseurship method. The average and standard deviation are utilized to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire; the consensus data is analyzed by using the median and interquartile range, with criteria set at a median of ≥ 3.50 and an interquartile range of ≤ 1.50.s

Results: The management model for Chengdu to be the sports capital of the People’s Republic of China was developed based on POLC theory, which consists of planning 13 components, such as increasing the sports participation rate, enriching mass sports activities, improving the supply of sports facilities, and expand the scale of the sports industry. Organization 18 components, such as playing the role of a bridge, contacting and uniting all kinds of sports social organizations and sports workers in the city, organizing and carrying out sports competition exchanges, responsible for the promotion of the project and talent training, and provide fitness venues, equipment, and professional fitness guidance services to meet the needs of citizens. Leading 11 components, such as strengthening cooperation with schools, international exchanges, and cooperation to promote international cooperation, and sports facilities and infrastructure construction. Controlling 15 components, such as establishing an expert advisory committee, extensive soliciting of public opinions, formulating the performance evaluation index system, and strengthening supervision and inspection.

Conclusion: The management model for transforming Chengdu into the sports capital of China is a comprehensive framework based on the PLOC theory, refined through expert input via the Delphi method. It emphasizes strategic planning to integrate sports into urban development, aiming to boost citizen participation, improve public health, and enhance the city's global competitiveness. Strong leadership focuses on developing infrastructure, fostering local and international sports events, and promoting youth sports, supported by coordinated efforts among government departments and sports organizations.

Research on the Factors Impacting University Students’ Satisfaction in Blended Learning: A Case Study on Private University in Guangzhou, China

2025-02-17T07:13:13+07:00

Background and Aim: With the advancement of education informatization, blended learning has developed rapidly in the world. China is also actively promoting blended learning to improve the quality of education. Taking a private university in Guangzhou as a case, this study aims to explore college students' satisfaction with blended learning and its influencing factors.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 students from a private university in Guangzhou were the sample by using the methods of questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire design is based on a literature review and related theoretical models, covering multiple dimensions such as teacher support, student expectations, course design, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The validity of the questionnaire structure was verified by the goal consistency index (IOC), and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by a pilot test and Cronbach's α coefficient. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used for data analysis, and a paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the implementation effect of the strategic plan.

Results: Multiple linear regression analysis shows that course design and perceived ease of use have a significant positive impact on students' satisfaction, while students' expectation has a significant negative impact. The influence of teacher support and perceived usefulness is not significant. Paired sample t-test results show that after the implementation of the strategic plan, the satisfaction of each variable is significantly improved, indicating that the optimization measures are effective.

Conclusion: This study reveals that course design, perceived ease of use, and students' expectations are the key factors affecting college students' blended learning satisfaction. Optimizing course design, improving the usability of the technology platform, and reasonably managing students' expectations are important strategies to improve satisfaction.

Short-Term Discounts, Long-Term Perceptions: Evaluating Promotional Strategies in Tourism

2025-02-14T22:19:59+07:00

Background and Aim: This study is based on a strong theoretical framework that integrates cognitive-behavioral and exchange theories to offer a comprehensive understanding of the effects of promotional methods. It addresses a critical gap in the literature by examining the long-term impact of sales promotions on the perceived value and quality of tourism products. It also explores how various price promotions and discount levels influence tourists' anticipated future costs, perceptions of value, and overall quality of travel packages. The research highlights the delicate balance between short-term sales growth and long-term brand value as a pathway to sustained success in the highly competitive tourism market.

Materials and methods: The study employs a systematic two-way between-subjects experimental design, focusing on vacation package goods. It examines the distinct effects of price reductions and coupon promotions and the extent of these promotions (high vs. low extent) on key consumer perceptions and behaviors. The 2021 International Travel Fair attendees in Taoyuan City, Taiwan, will serve as the sampling framework for this study.

Results: The findings provide a detailed analysis of how various price promotions and discount levels shape tourists' anticipated future costs, altering their perceptions of value and the overall quality of travel packages. The study underscores the role of specific promotional tactics in influencing consumer attitudes and behaviors, including their purchase intentions and long-term perceptions of brand value in the tourism sector.

Conclusion: This research offers travel agents and marketers valuable insights by identifying effective advertising strategies that drive immediate sales and nurture favorable attitudes and long-term purchase intentions among travelers. These strategies are crucial for ensuring brand sustainability and success in a competitive market. The study contributes to broader discussions on marketing tactics in the tourism sector, emphasizing the importance of balancing short-term gains with long-term brand equity to achieve sustained business success.

Research on Intentional Behavior of Chinese College Students Using Running Sports Applications (FCR) Based on UTAUT

2025-02-12T07:50:09+07:00

Background and Aim: This study addresses the research gap in the mandatory use of campus sports running applications by college students in southern China. It provides reference for the design and configuration of course tools to enhance the Flashing Campus Operation Application (FCR) in the future.

FCR is a mobile application that college students in Zhejiang Province must use to meet their physical education course requirements. It helps educators monitor students' exercise behavior data. However, the analysis of students' perceived intentions and behaviors towards FCR usage is insufficient. Further research is needed to understand the experiences related to FCR and continuously improve its effectiveness.

Materials and Methods: A model was developed based on UTAUT2 as the core theory and combined with previous research frameworks. An online survey was conducted using Tencent's questionnaire tool, collecting data from 350 first-year to fourth-year undergraduate students from three universities in southern Zhejiang Province, China. Under mandatory situations, they use flashing campus applications to complete school sports running courses. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling are used for hypothesis testing in data analysis.

Results: (1) Perceived ease of use (PEOU) and performance expectations (PE) have no significant positive impact on behavioral intention. The facilitating conditions (FC) have no significant positive effect on continuous use behavior (CUB). (2) Perceived usefulness (PU), perceived enjoyment (PJ), and autonomous motivation (AM) have a significant positive impact on behavioral intention (BI) and continuous use behavior (CUB). (3) In addition, the perceived ease of use and performance expectations of using FCR in a mandatory situation did not have a significant mediating effect on continuous use behavior through behavioral intention. Perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and autonomous motivation have a significant mediating effect on continuous use behavior through behavioral intention.

Conclusion: The research results support hypotheses Ha2, Ha3, Ha5, and Ha7, while hypotheses Ha1, Ha4, and Ha6 are not supported. The research results can be summarized into three aspects: (1) Perceived usefulness, perceived, and autonomous motivation are important factors affecting students' intention to use FCR behavior; It has indirectly had a significant impact on sustained usage behavior. (2) Perceived usability and performance expectations have no significant impact on students' behavioral intentions, and they cannot indirectly affect continuous usage behavior. This indicates that in mandatory situations, perceived ease of use and performance expectations may not be the main factors significantly influencing behavioral intentions. (3) Facilitating conditions are not an important factor affecting sustained usage behavior. This indicates that in a specific context, organizational support and resource availability are not the primary factors influencing sustained usage behavior, or their impact may be overshadowed by other factors.

Development of Management Strategies to Enhance Health Education Knowledge and Practice of Student Teacher Major in Physical Education Program

2025-02-21T11:54:20+07:00

Background and Aim: The actual situation of cultivating the health education ability of students majoring in physical education has not achieved the implementation effect that was in line with policy requirements, and there were no courses related to health care, infectious disease prevention, and treatment specifically designed for the health education system. Therefore, this research aimed to develop management strategies to enhance health education knowledge and practice of student teachers majoring in the physical education program.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed-methods study, which combined quantitative and qualitative research. The researcher conducted a survey of 296 fourth-year students in 13 universities within Yunnan Province, interviewed 9 primary and secondary physical education teachers, 9 university instructors, and 9 university leaders. The validity of the questionnaire and interview form was validated by five experts. The IOC of the student questionnaire was 0.95 (0.60-1.00). The IOC of the interviewing form for teachers was 0.96 (0.80-1.00), the IOC of the interviewing form for university instructors was 0.96 (0.80-1.00), and the IOC of the interviewing form for university leaders was 0.96 (0.80-1.00). The information obtained from the questionnaires and interviews was used to develop management strategies to improve health education knowledge and practice among physical education students under the scope of management function (POLC). The content of the management strategy was distributed to 19 experts for consensus by the Delphi method for two rounds. The management strategy was adjusted by the researcher and confirmed by the focus group discussion. The questionnaire data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Consensus data by the Delphi method were analyzed by median and interquartile range, with the criterion set at a median of ≥ 3.50 and an interquartile range of ≤ 1.50.

Results: Fourth-grade students had poor practical abilities in health education, and they had a greater need for improvement in skills and operations. To solve these problems, management strategies were developed with hierarchical concepts, which include four first-level elements, namely, policies, curriculum, extracurricular activities, and competency certification, 13 second-level elements, and 56 third-level elements.

Conclusion: The management strategies to enhance health education knowledge and practice of student teachers majoring in the physical education program should focus on four sets of strategies, 13 subsets, and 56 indicators. These management strategies were confirmed and accepted by experts to be appropriate, practical, and feasible strategies to enhance health education knowledge and practice of student teachers majoring in the physical education program.

Analyze the Guidelines for Writing Research Approach on Graphic Design Methods using Visual Illusion Art

2025-02-21T08:24:22+07:00

Background and Aim: Visual illusion art offers unique, innovative value in graphic design, enabling designers to break conventional thinking patterns and enhance the expressiveness and appeal of their work. However, there is a lack of systematic and practical guidance for applying visual illusion techniques in design. To address this gap, this study systematically summarizes the application methods of visual illusion in graphic design, culminating in the book Research on Graphic Design Methods Based on Visual Illusion Art. Unlike existing studies focused on theoretical discussions, this book integrates theoretical foundations with methodological frameworks and practical applications, aiming to help designers master visual illusion principles and enhance the innovation, expressiveness, and visual impact of their work.

Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining qualitative methods (literature review, field investigation, case studies, and interviews) with quantitative analysis (surveys and statistical evaluation of the book’s effectiveness). This approach ensures both theoretical depth and practical relevance in exploring the application of visual illusion in graphic design.

Results: Key findings include: (1) Visual illusion-based design methods are classified into five categories: geometric, color, motion, spatial, and multi-meaning figure illusions. (2) Visual illusion art helps designers overcome traditional design limitations, fostering creativity and expressive potential. (3) The book provides designers and students with structured methodologies and creative inspiration, improving their design skills, originality, and visual appeal.

Conclusion: This study enriches design methodologies by proposing a classification system and application methods for visual illusion, offering designers systematic tools to expand their creative thinking and enhance the expressiveness of their work. Additionally, the study contributes to design education by providing new teaching resources that help students gain a deeper understanding of visual illusion techniques, thereby improving their practical and innovative capabilities.

Equity Sensitivity as a Moderator of Job Demands and Job Resources on Work Engagement: Insights from an Empirical Study of Student Affairs Educators in Chinese Universities

2025-02-26T10:34:15+07:00

Background and Aim: Within the context of Chinese universities, Student Affairs Educators (SAEs) play a pivotal role in student affairs. However, research on their work engagement remains limited. This study aims to investigate the impacts of job demands, job resources, and equity sensitivity on SAEs' work engagement, drawing insights from the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative research approach was adopted, involving a survey of 906 SAEs from various universities in Guangdong Province, China. The study employed validated scales to measure job demands, job resources, equity sensitivity, and work engagement. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted, which was instrumental in revealing the complex interplay and underlying mechanisms affecting job-related outcomes.

Results: This study finds that (1) Job demands have a positive effect on SAEs' work engagement, (2) Job resources enhance engagement, and (3) Equity sensitivity exacerbates the negative impact of job demands and weakens the positive influence of job resources.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of a supportive work environment in enhancing SAEs' work engagement. University administrators should consider strategies to balance job demands and enhance job resources. Additionally, SAEs themselves should proactively utilize available job resources and manage their workloads effectively to boost work engagement and job satisfaction. The study contributes to the understanding of SAEs' work outcomes and well-being, providing practical recommendations for enhancing their work engagement.

Influencing Factors of Behavioral Intention in Higher Education Reading Promotion for Chinese Community Residents

2025-02-14T20:04:31+07:00

Background and Aim: Higher education libraries should fulfill their social service functions and supplement the reading resources for the general public. Carrying out reading promotion activities is one of the effective means. This study aims to: (1) identify factors influencing residents' behavioral intention to participate in reading promotion activities; (2) analyze the relationships between these factors.

Materials and Methods: Based on the VAM and UTAUT2 theories and relevant literature, 10 hypotheses were proposed, and a structural model was developed. A total of 402 valid responses were obtained through questionnaire collection in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 21.0, including tests for reliability, validity, model fit, and mediation effects.

Results: The results indicate that (1) perceived benefits and social influence of community readers had a direct positive influence on perceived value and behavioral intention. (2) Perceived costs showed no significant effect on perceived value or behavioral intention. (3) Perceived value mediated the relationships between benefits and behavioral intention, and between social influence and behavioral intention.

Conclusion: This study found that benefits and social influence not only directly affect behavioral intention but also mediate behavioral intention through perceived value. Higher education institutions should focus on (1) emphasizing and enhancing social influence to foster positive sharing. (2) Focus on leisure reading to increase perceived benefits. (3) emphasizing the establishment and improvement of readers' perceived value.

The Artistic Language of Black and White Woodcut Prints: Representing Sichuan Ethnic Minorities

2025-02-19T09:08:32+07:00

Background and Aim: Sichuan minority subject prints have evolved in the course of history, with diversified development in the choice of subject matter and the styles and techniques presented in the works. By investigating how the artistic techniques of Sichuan minority subject prints reflect and convey cultural identity, this study provides a source of inspiration for contemporary Chinese printmaking art and promotes the innovation of ethnic art.

Materials and Methods: This study adopts a mixed research method, with qualitative research as the main focus and quantitative research as a supplement. In the qualitative research, methods such as literature review, field survey, and creative practice are used to explore the creative history of Sichuan minority printmaking. In the quantitative research, the researchers use content analysis to explore the significance of their woodcut works as a guide to the creation of contemporary printmaking art.

Results: The results of the study show that through artistic practice, the unique artistic techniques of Sichuan minority printmaking, such as knife language, black and white composition, and imprint expression, are studied to further reveal the uniqueness of printmaking in artistic expression, and to demonstrate the beauty and significance of the thematic prints of the Sichuan minority.

Conclusion: This study contributes to promoting awareness and understanding of ethnic cultures, reveals the internal logic in the creation of prints by ethnic minorities in Sichuan, and provides insights and inspiration for the creation of contemporary printmaking art in China. It also influences cultural policy, emphasizing the importance of supporting and funding the arts, and protecting and promoting ethnic minority culture and arts.

Development of Functional Training Program to Improve Sprinting Ability in University Students

2025-02-22T15:21:36+07:00

Background and Aim: This study was to develop and evaluate a functional training program to enhance sprinting ability among university students. The research objectives included: 1) to compare the mean of sprinting ability between experimental and control groups, 2) to compare the mean of sprinting ability within experimental groups, pretest, midtest, and posttest, and 3) to develop a functional training program to improve sprinting ability in university students.

Materials and Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving 30 track and field students with simple random sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. Research instruments included a functional training program developed and validated through expert consultation (CVI = 0.82), an infrared laser timer for measuring sprinting ability, and a standing long jump test. The experiment was conducted over 8 weeks, 4 days per week; the functional training program was used for the experimental group, and a conditioning training program for the control group. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, independent t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparisons between pretest, midtest, and posttest, with significance set at p < .05.

Results: The results found that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in sprinting ability compared to the control group, including reduced sprint times and enhanced explosive power. Within the experimental group, significant progressive improvements were observed across pretest, midtest, and posttest evaluations. The functional training program was of excellent quality, with a content validity index (CVI = 0.82), and the tryout with sample results was adequate in terms of exercise drills, training volume, and recovery times.

Conclusion: Highlighting the effectiveness of the training program in enhancing sprinting performance metrics such as acceleration and maximum speed. The functional training program can improve sprinting ability in university students.

The Effect of Teaching a Mental Health Education Course Based on Blended Learning Combined with Evidence-based Learning for Enhancing Mental Health Quality of First-Year Students in Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology

2025-02-19T09:11:26+07:00

Background and aim: With the progress of the times, the current mental health education courses in Chinese universities can no longer fully meet the psychological development needs of students. To enhance the fun of the course, increase students' participation and practicality, and promote the improvement of students' mental health quality. The aim of this study was: 1) Students who participate in the blended learning and evidence-based learning mental health course will show significantly higher mental health quality scores compared to the baseline. 2) To examine the impact of a blended learning and evidence-based learning mental health course on students’ learning achievements and mental health quality at Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology, with the standard set at 70%.

Methodology: The study involved 200 first-year students at Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology. A sample of 30 students was selected from a mental health course using cluster random sampling. The research instruments were lesson plans, a student's learning achievement test, and a student’s mental health quality self-evaluation. Experimental design is a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Data were collected and analyzed by means, standard deviation, t-test for one sample, and t-test for dependent samples.

Results: After studying the mental health education course based on blended learning combined with evidence-based learning, students' learning achievement was higher than before, and students' mental health quality after implementing the mental health education course was higher than the determined criterion of 70%.

Conclusion: The development of a mental health education course based on blended learning combined with evidence-based learning has a significant effect on enhancing mental health quality for students. Furthermore, significant improvement in students' learning achievement.

Developing a Collaborative Teaching Program for Basketball Class in Vocational College Students

2025-02-27T16:36:25+07:00

Background and Aim: At present, the traditional teaching program of colleges and universities has certain advantages in teaching knowledge and skills, but neglects the cultivation of students' comprehensive practical ability. To solve this problem, it is necessary to explore a new model suitable for physical education teaching in colleges and universities. So, the main objective of this research was to develop a collaborative teaching program for basketball classes for vocational college students.

Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. The researcher used a questionnaire for 40 students and reviewed literature to investigate the problems and status of basketball courses in vocational colleges. And interview 7 experts for the discussion of the factors involved in the design and evaluation of the collaborative teaching program. The two rounds of Delphi with 19 experts to correct and retain all aspects of the collaborative teaching program for basketball class in the vocational college, and reformulate the teaching program. Finally, use an experimental method to study the result of using a collaborative teaching program. The data were analyzed using a statistical software package for mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test and independent t-test. The statistical significance threshold was 0.05.

Results: 1. There was a significant difference in post-test on all items in physical fitness, social adaptation, and teaching practice performance between the experimental group and the control group (p < 0.05). On the basketball skill of post-test results between the experimental group and control group, there is a significant difference in the free throw line shot hits the mark and comprehensive dribble layup standard (p < 0.05). 2. There was a significant difference in physical fitness, basketball skills, social adaptation, and teaching practice performance between the pre-test and post-test within the experimental group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The collaborative teaching program for basketball class in vocational college students, that have been proven through experimentation and experts, has produced satisfactory results. They can be put into practice, and when implemented, should take into account differences in age and educational level of learners.

Construction of Training Program to Improve Sports Vision, Core Strength, Endurance, and Skills in Orienteering for College Students

2025-02-19T09:14:14+07:00

Background and Aim: Orienteering is a sport that combines endurance, spatial cognition, and rapid decision-making, requiring athletes to navigate unfamiliar terrain using maps and compasses. Strong sports vision, core strength, and endurance are essential for success. However, current training programs in Chinese universities often isolate these elements, limiting athletes' overall performance. Studies have shown that integrating these aspects can significantly enhance orienteering skills. This study aims to develop a comprehensive training program for the Orienteering Club of Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic. By incorporating sports vision, core strength, and endurance training, the program seeks to improve athletes’ navigation efficiency, stability, and stamina, aligning with international best practices.

Materials and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group structure. Forty male members of the Orienteering Club of Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic were non-randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 20) or a control group (n=20) based on systematic allocation to ensure baseline comparability. The experimental group received a training program integrating sports vision, core strength, endurance, and orienteering skills. In contrast, the control group engaged only in routine orienteering skill training to maintain ecological validity. The intervention lasted for eight weeks, with training sessions conducted four days per week, each lasting 120 minutes to maintain consistency in training intensity. Data collection occurred at three time points: baseline (pretest), mid-intervention (week 4), and post-intervention (week 8). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), independent t-tests for between-group comparisons, and repeated-measures one-way ANOVA to assess within-group changes over time. Bonferroni post hoc tests were conducted to determine specific differences between time points. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in sports vision (+17.90 times), core strength (sit-ups +14.80 repetitions), and endurance (1000m run -24.05 seconds), while the control group had no significant changes. Orienteering skills also improved notably, with a 12.65-point increase in the Field Patrol Test and a 19.25-point increase in the Field Checkpoint Layout Test. No significant differences existed between the group’s pre-experiment and post-experiment results; the experimental group outperformed the control group in all areas (p<0.001), demonstrating the effectiveness of the integrated training program.

Conclusion: The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in sports vision, core strength, endurance, and orienteering skills compared to the control group, confirming the effectiveness of an integrated training program. The most notable gains were observed in sports vision and endurance, highlighting their critical role in orienteering performance. These findings suggest that incorporating targeted training into college sports programs can enhance students' overall physical fitness and navigation abilities, providing a structured framework for optimizing orienteering training at the collegiate level.

Guidelines for Developing Teacher Leadership in the 21st Century for Ordinary High Schools in Chongzuo City, People’s Republic of China

2025-03-10T16:57:04+07:00

Background and Aim: The development of teacher leadership in ordinary high schools in Chongzuo City, People's Republic of China, is crucial for fostering innovation, critical thinking, and student-centered learning to enhance school effectiveness and meet the evolving demands of 21st-century education. This research aims to 1) investigate the current status of 21st-century teacher leadership; 2) study the development of the guidelines for teacher leadership in these schools; and 3) evaluate the guidelines for their further development.

Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in three phases. In Phase I, a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire (reliability = 0.923) was administered to 351 teachers from 22 ordinary high schools, with data analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. In Phase II, semi-structured interviews were conducted in two steps: first with 10 award-winning teachers and then with 10 experts, selected through purposive sampling, to inform the development of the guidelines. In Phase III, the guidelines and accompanying manual were evaluated using 5-point Likert scale questionnaires administered to 15 administrators and 20 department heads; data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

Results: Overall, teacher leadership is at a high level. The highest scoring aspect is “promoting the use of data for educational improvement and development”, followed by "accessing and utilizing research in teaching and learning" and "collaborating with parents and the community", while "facilitating learning management" scores the lowest. The developed guidelines encompass seven key areas: promoting a collaborative culture; accessing and utilizing research in teaching and learning; fostering professional teacher learning; facilitating learning management; promoting the use of data for educational improvement and development; collaborating with parents and the community; and supporting academic and professional learning. The evaluation results indicate that the guidelines and handbook exhibit high accuracy, appropriateness, feasibility, and utility.

Conclusion: The guidelines and handbook provide a practical framework for developing teacher leadership in the 21st century, fostering a scientific, individualized, collaborative, and practice-oriented education system in Chongzuo City's ordinary high schools. This approach supports teacher professional growth and enhances educational quality, modernizing the system and increasing its societal impact. However, challenges remain due to resource constraints, resistance to change, and the need for comprehensive training. Moreover, the reliance on regional quantitative data may limit the generalizability of the findings. Further mixed-methods research and broader regional comparisons are necessary to refine the framework and address these implementation barriers.

Investigating Factors Influencing Switching from Third-Party Payment Applications to E-CNY in Shanghai

2025-02-26T15:08:48+07:00

Background and Aim: As digital payments become more prevalent, users are shifting from third-party payment platforms (WeChat Pay, Alipay) to E-CNY, China’s central bank digital currency. However, despite its government backing, E-CNY adoption remains limited. This study aims to examine user switching behavior by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to identify the key factors influencing adoption.

Materials and Methods: A total of 308 valid respondents with experience using both E-CNY and third-party payment platforms participated in an online survey. The research was conducted in three stages: (1) a pilot study to test measurement reliability, (2) a descriptive analysis of user demographics, and (3) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationships between variables affecting switching behavior.

Results: The findings indicate that government influence and social influence have the strongest positive impact on switching behavior. Network externalities, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness also encourage adoption, while privacy concerns negatively affect switching behavior. Interestingly, trust does not significantly influence user decisions, suggesting that convenience and usability matter more than trust in digital payments.

Conclusion: To increase E-CNY adoption, policymakers should enhance usability, address privacy concerns, provide financial incentives, and expand merchant acceptance. Additionally, integrating E-CNY with existing payment platforms and leveraging peer influence will further encourage user switching.

Development of Taichi Training Program to Improve the Core Physical Fitness of Male College Students

2025-02-12T11:08:46+07:00

Background and Aim: The Taichi training program significantly enhances core physical fitness by improving balance, strength, and flexibility through gentle, flowing movements. Additionally, it promotes better posture and body awareness, crucial for overall physical stability and injury prevention. This study aims to: (1) validate the effectiveness of a Tai Chi training program in enhancing core physical fitness among male college students and (2) compare the mean and standard deviation of core physical fitness between the experimental and control groups using t-tests.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was employed, involving 40 male college students from a university Tai Chi club. Participants were systematically assigned to either an experimental group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The experimental group underwent an eight-week Tai Chi training program, consisting of three 90-minute sessions per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). The core physical fitness of both groups was assessed before and after the intervention. An independent samples t-test was used to compare baseline differences, while post-intervention differences were analyzed using both independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results: The findings indicate that the eight-week Tai Chi intervention, incorporating the 24-style Tai Chi form and key movement patterns, significantly improved core strength, coordination, functional stability, and flexibility among the experimental group compared to traditional training methods. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in sit-up performance (p = 0.03), highlighting improvements in muscular endurance. Additionally, the experimental group exhibited greater flexibility (p = 0.002) and enhanced balance and coordination, as indicated by superior performance in the one-legged jump test (p = 0.02). These results suggest that Tai Chi is an effective approach for enhancing core physical fitness in college students. The study confirms that Tai Chi training significantly enhances core strength, flexibility, and postural stability in young adults. The structured, low-impact nature of Tai Chi makes it an accessible and sustainable training method for core fitness development. The controlled, rhythmic movements of Tai Chi foster muscle endurance, postural control, and neuromuscular efficiency, reinforcing its validity as a functional fitness approach.

Analysis of the Adequacy of Undergraduate Education in Preventive Medicine and Its Influencing Factors

2025-03-09T18:04:53+07:00

Background and Aim: The cultivation of competencies among preventive medicine undergraduates is essential for developing high-quality public health professionals, especially in the context of China's Healthy China 2030 initiative. However, disparities in competency development persist due to factors such as gender, family background, and economic conditions. This study aims to assess the adequacy of competency cultivation among preventive medicine students in a local medical college, identify influencing factors, and provide insights for optimizing medical education strategies.

Materials and Methods: This study utilized data from the China Medical Student Training and Development Survey (CMSS), targeting 569 preventive medicine undergraduates. The structured questionnaire measured competency adequacy across four dimensions: scientific and academic ability (5 items), clinical/practical ability (3 items), health and social responsibility (3 items), and professional quality (9 items). Responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater adequacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis to explore influencing factors.

Results: The overall competency adequacy scores ranked as follows: health and social responsibility (3.72) > professional quality (3.70) > scientific and academic ability (3.56) > clinical/practical ability (3.52). Male students scored higher in clinical/practical ability (P < 0.05), while urban students outperformed rural students in multiple dimensions. Students with medical family backgrounds, higher family income, and a career aspiration in medicine demonstrated significantly higher competency adequacy scores (P < 0.05). Economic pressure negatively affected competency development, and financial aid showed a limited impact on improving competency adequacy.

Conclusion: The findings highlight imbalances in competency development, particularly in clinical/practical ability. Gender, urban-rural disparities, financial conditions, and career aspirations significantly influence competency adequacy. To bridge these gaps, medical education reforms should enhance practical training, provide targeted support for disadvantaged students, and optimize interdisciplinary learning opportunities. Future studies should further explore tailored interventions to improve competency development in preventive medicine education.

The Influence of Identity-based Soft Power on Travel Decision-making in Secondary Provinces of Central Thailand

2025-02-17T19:47:31+07:00

Background and Aim: Tourism is a key economic driver in Thailand, accounting for 11.6% of the country's GDP in 2023. However, tourist concentration in major provinces creates income distribution challenges, particularly affecting secondary provinces in the central region. Identity-based Soft Power, through key cultural elements including Thai fashion, culinary heritage, festivals, and traditions, presents an opportunity for tourism development in these areas. This research aimed to (1) identify key determinants of travel decision-making in secondary provinces of Central Thailand, (2) analyze the structural equation model of causal factors influencing travel decision-making, and (3) develop policy and strategic guidelines for tourism development based on Identity-based Soft Power appropriate for secondary provinces in Central Thailand.

Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative phase surveyed 400 Thai tourists across seven secondary provinces (selected based on annual tourism revenue below 4,000 million baht and proximity to Bangkok) using structured questionnaires. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan formula and validated against the requirements of structural equation modeling. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews with 21 stakeholders, including tourists, entrepreneurs, government officials, and community leaders. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, selected for its ability to examine complex causal relationships, and thematic analysis.

Results: The findings revealed that Identity-based Soft Power significantly influenced travel decision-making (Mean = 4.15, S.D. = 0.69), with food having the strongest impact (Mean = 4.21, S.D. = 0.65), reflecting the cultural significance of culinary experiences in shaping destination choices. The structural equation model showed excellent fit (CHI-SQUARE/DF = 1.152, p-value = 0.142, GFI = 0.984, RMSEA = 0.018) and explained 70% of the variance in travel decision-making. Tourism Attitude emerged as the most significant mediating variable in the relationship between Identity-based Soft Power and travel decision-making (β = 0.72).

Conclusion: Secondary provinces in Central Thailand can enhance their competitiveness by leveraging distinctive cultural identities and Soft Power elements, particularly food culture and traditional festivals. Success requires balancing cultural authenticity with modern tourism infrastructure while implementing digital marketing strategies and fostering community participation for sustainable development, as evidenced by the strong mediating effect of Tourism Attitude identified in the research.

Research on the Design of Cultural and Creative Products under the Cultural Landscape Dimensions of Hongshiya Village

2025-02-23T20:11:05+07:00

Background and Aim: This study aims to explore the application of cultural landscape elements in Hongshiya Village, providing theoretical guidance for the design of artistic and creative products. By analyzing the natural landscape, architectural styles, and local cultural elements, the research seeks to extract region-specific design elements and integrate them into cultural and creative products through design practices.

Materials and Methods: This study employs qualitative research methods, including literature review and theoretical analysis, to examine the cultural landscape characteristics of Hongshiya Village. The researcher investigates the decorative styles and carving techniques of brick carvings and incorporates them into artistic and creative product design. The design approach combines three-dimensional relief techniques with modern minimalist aesthetics to ensure both cultural depth and contemporary appeal.

Results: The findings indicate that incorporating the cultural landscape elements of Hongshiya Village into cultural and creative product design effectively showcases local history, regional characteristics, and humanistic spirit. The integration of Hongshiya's brick carvings significantly enhances the cultural value of the products, increasing public awareness and emotional connection to the village’s cultural heritage. The architectural forms and decorative styles of Hongshiya provide abundant cultural value, enriching the design of cultural and creative products.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that selecting highly practical product carriers and employing cost-effective materials and techniques can enhance the feasibility of Hongshiya's cultural and creative products. This approach aligns with target consumers' price sensitivity while maintaining a balance between cultural depth and market appeal. The research offers valuable insights into leveraging cultural landscape elements for innovative product design and promoting cultural heritage through creative industries.

Development of Managerial Guidelines to Promote Dragon and Lion Dance in Middle School

2025-03-03T17:44:53+07:00

Background and Aim: The main factor restricting the development of the dragon and lion dance in most Middle schools is the lack of funds. Leadership is not important enough, no specialization of teachers, a Lack of teaching materials and equipment, Insufficient sites, and the Dragon and lion cultural atmosphere is not strong. So, the main objective of this research was to develop the managerial guidelines to promote dragon and lion dance in middle school.

Materials and Methods: This study was a mixed-method study, which combines quantitative and qualitative research. The research begins by identifying the influencing factors affecting their integration into school programs through a structured questionnaire (IOC=0.73, Cronbach alpha=0.84) administered to 222 middle school students. Subsequently, expert interviews were conducted to gather qualitative insights among 5 experienced professionals, which informed the formulation of a managerial guideline framed within the POLC management function, PESTLE theoretical frameworks, and the PDCA cycle. This dual approach ensures that the guidelines are both strategic and pragmatic, addressing the diverse obstacles while leveraging available opportunities. To validate and refine these guidelines, a focus group consisting of 12 experts in education, cultural arts, and non-profit management convened to engage in a critical discussion on the proposed content. Finally, the connoisseurship method, consisting of 5 experts, was employed to review and confirm the managerial guidelines.

Results: 1) The priority needs of the development of managerial guidelines to promote dragon and lion dance in middle school are at a high level (PNI_modified=0.32). Moreover, the order of requirements from highest to lowest is arranged as following: Leading (PNI_modified=0.39), Controlling (PNI_modified=0.39), Social (PNI_modified=0.39), Planning (PNI_modified=0.38), Organization (PNI_modified=0.37), Environmental (PNI_modified=0.33), Politics (PNI_modified=0.23), Technical (PNI_modified=0.23), Economic (PNI_modified=0.22), Legal (PNI_modified=0.22). 2) The managerial guideline to promote dragon and lion dance in middle school corresponds to 4 parts rooted in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. There were 10 elements in the Plan part, there were 10 elements in the Do part, there were 10 elements in the Check part, and there were 10 elements in the Act part.

Conclusion: This iterative process confirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the managerial recommendations, ensuring that they align with the needs of middle schools while fostering the rich cultural heritage of dragon and lion dance.

The Influence of Personal Innovation in Information Technology (PIIT) and Factors on Behavior Intention of 3DBody Anatomy Software in Liaoyang Vocational and Technical College

2025-03-12T23:41:32+07:00

Background and Aim: This research explores the key factors influencing nursing students' intention to use 3D body anatomy software at Liaoyang Vocational and Technical College, China. Based on these models, seven hypotheses and seven latent variables were proposed: Personal Innovation in Information Technology (PIIT), Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Subject Norms (SN), Attitude (ATT), Perceived Behavior Control (PBC), and Behavior Intention (BI).

Materials and Methods: This study adopts a quantitative method, through an operationalized questionnaire, and conducts reliability and validity tests. The sampling method is purposive sampling and stratified sampling. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results: The research findings indicate that all hypotheses are supported, with effort expectancy exerting the most significant influence on behavioral intention. The results show β =0.320, p < 0.001. This result indicates that EE has the greatest impact on BI. Next are Performance Expectancy (PE), Attitude (ATT), Subject Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavior Control (PBC). PIIT also shows a significant positive impact on PE and EE.

Conclusion: This study indicates that in the comprehensive prediction of vocational nursing students' behavioral intention to use the 3Dbody anatomy software, performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), subjective norm (SN), attitude (Att), and personal innovativeness (PIIT) all have a significant impact on behavioral intention (BI). According to the research results, software designers can simplify operations, while teachers can enhance students' confidence through guided learning. These improvements can enhance the user experience, thereby increasing students' adoption intention and usage retention.

The Influence of the Republic of China Pictorials on Chinese Painting Art

2025-02-19T09:05:17+07:00

Background and Aim: The Pictorials of the Republic of China played a crucial role in the modernization of Chinese painting, serving as a medium for artistic transformation, education, and dissemination. This study aims to investigate how these pictorials influenced the evolution of Chinese painting styles, the expansion of the art market, and the professional development of Chinese painting educators.

Materials and Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, analyzing 100 articles on Chinese painting published in the Pictorial of the Republic of China. Grounded theory and three-level coding analysis were applied to categorize the impact of these pictorials on painting techniques, modes of dissemination, and educational methodologies. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 30 Chinese painting practitioners to assess the influence of pictorials on education and artistic development.

Results: Findings indicate that Pictorials of the Republic of China facilitated the integration of Western artistic elements, such as perspective and shading, into traditional Chinese painting, leading to stylistic innovation. They also played a significant role in the dissemination of Chinese painting, making art more accessible to the public and influencing the art market. Furthermore, these pictorials served as educational resources, providing instructional content, showcasing exemplary works, and fostering artistic dialogue. However, their impact on teacher professional development varied among respondents.

Conclusion: The study confirms that the Pictorials of the Republic of China were instrumental in bridging traditional Chinese painting with modern artistic developments. By promoting artistic experimentation, expanding the art market, and supporting art education, these pictorials significantly shaped the trajectory of Chinese painting in the early 20th century. Future research should explore regional differences in pictorial influence and their broader impact on other art forms beyond painting.

The Development and Transformation of Changsha Xiang Opera in China

2025-02-26T17:02:03+07:00

Background and Aim: In China, there are challenges faced by Changsha Xiang Opera in terms of protection and development before and after the implementation of intangible cultural heritage policies. The aim of the research is to analyze the status of Xiang Opera before the policy implementation and to understand the specific impacts of China's Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) policies on its protection measures.

Materials and Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review with qualitative data collected through focus group interviews. The literature review analyzed the historical background, performance forms, and development trajectory of Changsha Xiang Opera, drawing on scholarly articles, government documents, and historical records. Focus group interviews were conducted with 14 participants in Changsha City, China. The interviews explored their perspectives on the challenges facing Xiang Opera, the impact of ICH policies, and strategies for sustainable development. The study is grounded in Cultural Ecology Theory, examining the interplay between Xiang Opera.

Results: The results show that before the implementation of intangible cultural heritage policies, Changsha Xiang Opera faced significant challenges, such as a break in its transmission and a loss of audience. Following the policy implementation, government support notably improved the opera’s survival space, through measures such as government funding, educational integration, artistic innovation, and media exposure. The opera has achieved a balance between tradition and modernity, ensuring innovation while preserving its artistic essence.

Conclusion: With the support of intangible cultural heritage policies, Changsha Xiang Opera has successfully integrated tradition with innovation, injecting new vitality into its development. To ensure its sustainable future, further strengthening of policy implementation and maintaining a balance between traditional artistic characteristics and modern innovation are essential.

The Efficacy of Blended Learning via Video Conferencing for Piano Instruction: A Case Study at Yunnan University

2025-03-05T16:02:45+07:00

Background and Aim: Piano practice has adopted video conferencing platforms like DingTalk due to the increasing integration of digital tools in music education. However, their impact on students' performance and learning experience remains underexplored. This study examines the effectiveness of DingTalk-assisted piano practice for non-piano major students at Yunnan University, focusing on memorization ability, playing skills, musical expression, and music style.

Materials and Methods: A 12-week quasi-experimental study was conducted with 60 undergraduate musicology students. The treatment group (n = 30) practiced remotely via DingTalk, while the traditional group (n = 30) followed traditional methods. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and a post-intervention Likert-scale questionnaire on satisfaction, engagement, and perceived learning. Paired t-tests and ANCOVA were used for analysis.

Results: DingTalk-based practice significantly improved memorization ability (d = 0.87, p < 0.001) and technical skills (d = 0.91, p < 0.001). Engagement and satisfaction scores were also higher in the treatment group. However, improvements in musical expression were modest (d = 0.42, p = 0.029), and no significant effect was found on music style interpretation (p = 0.926).

Conclusion: Video conferencing enhances technical proficiency and engagement in piano learning, but its impact on musical expression is moderate, and no significant improvement is observed in music style interpretation. Additional interactive feedback may be needed to support expressive development. These findings highlight the potential of blended learning models that integrate digital tools with traditional instruction for a more comprehensive music education approach.

A Study of Factors and Influences Relationship to Exercise Behavior of the Elderly in Lishui City

2025-02-22T15:19:28+07:00

Background and Aim: Exercise behavior in the elderly is crucial for maintaining physical health, cognitive function, and overall well-being. Regular physical activity helps prevent chronic diseases, improves mobility, and enhances mental health, contributing to a higher quality of life and independence in aging populations. This study aims to examine the influence of physical activity behavior among elderly individuals in Lishui City. The research specifically explores the role of individual health status, demographic characteristics (age, gender, and education level), sports skills, family support, and environmental factors such as the accessibility of sports facilities in shaping exercise habits in physical activity among older adults.

Materials and Methods: The sample group of 497 elderly people using stratified random sampling was selected from 9 exercise points in 9 districts and counties of Lishui City. The questionnaire was from 10 expert people, and the reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.73, indicating high confidence in the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using frequency, percent, correlation coefficients, and Pearson’s, and survey data was performed using Kaplan-Meier Estimator & Cox Proportional Hazards Model.

Results: The results indicate that exercise skills (fitness skills and perceived exercise efficacy) and environmental factors (such as family support) significantly impact the rate at which older adults develop and maintain exercise habits.

Conclusion: This study identifies key factors influencing elderly exercise behavior in Lishui City, including physical, mental, social, and moral health, as well as sleep quality and diet. Age, gender, education, and economic status shape exercise participation, while fitness skills and family support significantly impact habit formation. Skill improvement enhances exercise efficiency, while family support fosters motivation and long-term adherence. The interaction between skill proficiency and social support plays a crucial role in accelerating and sustaining regular exercise habits among older adults.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of MOOCs in Blended Learning: A Study in Chinese Universities

2025-02-21T08:19:09+07:00

Background and Aim: With the rapid advancement of educational technology, integrating Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) into literature courses has emerged as a significant pedagogical trend. While MOOCs offer accessibility and flexibility, their effectiveness in enhancing students’ academic performance in literature courses remains debated. This study aims to examine the impact of MOOC-integrated blended learning on foundational knowledge, writing ability, and critical thinking among literature students in higher education.

Materials and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a nine-week intervention. A total of 109 students from a Chinese university participated, with 55 in the experimental group and 54 in the control group. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted, and independent sample t-tests were applied to analyze differences in learning outcomes across the three key variables.

Results: The findings indicate that MOOC integration significantly improved students' foundational knowledge (p=0.004) and critical thinking skills (p=0.019). However, the experimental group exhibited lower writing scores compared to the control group (p=0.001), suggesting that MOOCs may not provide sufficient interactive support for writing skill development.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MOOC integration in a Chinese literature course significantly enhances foundational knowledge and critical thinking but negatively impacts writing skills. To address this, blended learning designs should incorporate structured writing activities with personalized feedback mechanisms (e.g., peer review, instructor conferencing, or calibrated AI-assisted tools) to provide targeted support for writing development.

Marketing Strategies for Promoting Agritourism in Guanyin Lotus Garden Leisure Agricultural Area, Guanyin District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

2025-02-26T14:52:57+07:00

Background and Aim: This study is based on a strong theoretical framework that integrates cognitive-behavioral and exchange theories to offer a comprehensive understanding of the effects of promotional methods. It addresses a critical gap in the literature by examining the long-term impact of sales promotions on the perceived value and quality of tourism products. It also explores how various price promotions and discount levels influence tourists anticipated future costs, perceptions of value, and overall quality of travel packages. The research highlights the delicate balance between short-term sales growth and long-term brand value as a pathway to sustained success in the highly competitive tourism market.

Methodology: The study employs a systematic two-way between-subjects experimental design, focusing on vacation package goods. It examines the distinct effects of price reductions and coupon promotions and the extent of these promotions (high vs. low extent) on key consumer perceptions and behaviors. Specifically, it evaluates tourists' expectations of future costs, their assessment of value and quality, and their intent to purchase.

Conclusion: This research offers valuable insights for travel agents and marketers by identifying effective advertising strategies that drive immediate sales and nurture favorable attitudes and long-term purchase intentions among travelers. These strategies are crucial for ensuring brand sustainability and success in a competitive market. The study contributes to broader discussions on marketing tactics in the tourism sector, emphasizing the importance of balancing short-term gains with long-term brand equity to achieve sustained business success.

Investigating the Long-Term Impact of Continuous and Transitioned Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Ear Training

2025-02-26T14:59:58+07:00

Background and Aim: Ear training is a critical component of music education, enabling musicians to develop auditory perception, pitch recognition, and musical comprehension. Traditional ear training methods often rely on instructor-led drills and passive listening exercises, which may not accommodate individual learning paces and provide immediate feedback. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have emerged as a promising solution, offering personalized, adaptive learning experiences. However, the long-term impact of ITS on ear training remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous ITS exposure and the impact of transitioning from Sight-Singing and Ear Training Master (SSETM) to Yin-Ke (YK) over two semesters.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 85 undergraduate students (64.7% female and 35.3% male) at a university in China. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A used YK continuously for both semesters, while Group B transitioned from SSETM in the first semester to YK in the second semester. Performance was assessed through pre- and post-tests measuring four auditory skills: aural dictation, interval recognition, chord recognition, and melodic dictation. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-tests to evaluate within-group improvements and Repeated Measures ANOVA to examine the effects of time and the transition to YK on skill development.

Results: The results indicate that ITS significantly improved students’ auditory skills over the course of two semesters. Group A (continuous YK exposure) showed significant gains in aural dictation (p < .001), chord recognition (p = .018), and melodic dictation (p = .002). Group B (SSETM to YK transition) demonstrated significant improvements in aural dictation (p < .001), interval recognition (p = .002), and chord recognition (p < .001). A Repeated Measures ANOVA confirmed that time had a significant effect on aural dictation (p = .023, η² = 0.061), interval recognition (p = .006, η² = 0.09), and chord recognition (p = .012, η² = 0.074), while melodic dictation showed only marginal improvement (p = .079, η² = 0.037). A significant interaction effect for chord recognition (p = .004, η² = 0.098) suggests that Group B experienced greater improvement in this skill after transitioning to YK. Post hoc comparisons confirmed significant gains in aural dictation (p < .001), interval recognition (p = .037), and chord recognition (p < .001), while melodic dictation did not show a significant improvement (p = .786). This indicates that neither intervention method substantially enhanced this skill. Group B’s significant gains after adopting YK confirm its superiority over SSETM in facilitating ear training. These findings confirm the long-term effectiveness of ITS, particularly for aural dictation, interval recognition, and chord recognition, while suggesting that additional instructional strategies may be needed to improve melodic dictation.

Conclusion: This study provides empirical support for the sustained effectiveness of ITS interventions in ear training, demonstrating that both continuous and transitioned ITS interventions improve auditory skills. The findings confirm YK’s superiority over SSETM, reinforcing its role as a viable instructional tool. However, the limited progress in melodic dictation suggests the need for supplementary pedagogical strategies. Future research should expand the sample size and include multiple universities to enhance generalizability. Investigating ITS applications at different educational levels, such as high school and middle school, could assess broader applicability. Additionally, exploring teachers' perspectives and their integration of ITS into instruction would provide valuable insights into adoption challenges and instructional effectiveness.

Reconstructing the Artistic Ontology of Qin-Han Clay Seals: Toward a New Paradigm of "Yinzong Qin-Han" Through Interdisciplinary Methodologies

2025-04-11T22:31:06+07:00

Background and Aims: Qin-Han clay seals have traditionally been viewed as bureaucratic artifacts with limited artistic value. This study challenges such views by examining these objects' aesthetic and cultural significance, situating them at the intersection of administrative regulation and artistic production. The research aims to: (1) catalog the typological spectrum and formal diversity of Qin-Han clay seals, (2) uncover aesthetic values and engraving paradigms, and (3) reinterpret the doctrine of “Yinzong Qin-Han” through material and symbolic analysis.

Methodology: An interdisciplinary methodology was employed, integrating archaeological typology, visual semiotics, and digital humanities. The study analyzed over 1,200 seal specimens using tools like 3D modeling, XRF composition analysis, and experimental archaeology. It introduced a “material-art-history” conceptual framework, combining institutional, material, and expressive dimensions.

Results: The analysis identified six major seal types and revealed significant regional and material variation. Notably, 14% of Qin seals contain hybrid scripts, contradicting long-standing assumptions of uniform script policy. Findings showed that artisans creatively negotiated institutional constraints through aesthetic deviation. Late Qing artists, particularly Wu Changshuo, intentionally revived and recontextualized Qin-Han visual motifs, demonstrating a lineage of artistic reinterpretation.

Conclusion: Qin-Han clay seals embody a complex interplay of institutional authority, material agency, and aesthetic innovation. The concept of “Administrative Aesthetics” redefines these artifacts as dynamic carriers of historical memory and cultural identity. This research not only reframes traditional art historiography but also proposes practical implications for heritage preservation, digital curation, and cultural revitalization.

Case Study on the Construction of Rural Brand Identity Based on Optimal Differentiation Theory: A Case Study of Zhaoshan Town, China

2025-04-28T07:59:24+07:00

areas in cultural tourism development. Taking Zhaoshan Town as a case, it explores how Optimal Distinction Theory can be applied to construct a differentiated and sustainable rural brand identity.

Materials and Methods: Using a mixed-method approach combining literature review, field investigation, questionnaires, and structured interviews, the study analyzed perceptions of cultural symbols among tourists and locals. It systematically examined tensions between cultural inheritance and market adaptability in rural branding.

Results: Findings reveal significant cognitive gaps between internal and external stakeholders regarding core cultural symbols, leading to structural contradictions in brand development. The study proposes a "three-dimensional brand symbol architecture" model and dynamic symbol density calibration to balance cultural authenticity and market recognition.

Conclusion: The application of Optimal Distinction Theory provides a viable framework for resolving symbol alienation and homogenization in rural branding. The study offers theoretical and practical insights for constructing sustainable cultural tourism brands in rural revitalization contexts.

Management Guideline to Promote Mini Basketball in Yunnan Province

2025-05-09T15:39:59+07:00

Background and Aim: This research aimed to develop management guidelines for promoting mini-basketball in Yunnan Province. Despite the rapid development of the mini-basketball league in Yunnan, there has been limited research on its management. Our study sought to address this gap by providing practical recommendations for effective management strategies.

Materials and Methods: This mixed-methods study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample consisted of 166 teachers and coaches (83 male and 83 female) from 21 school basketball teams across Yunnan Province, as well as 30 male mini-basketball players aged 8–12. The sample was selected through a purposive sampling method to ensure representation of various regions and clubs. Data collection tools included questionnaires for teachers and coaches, in-depth interviews with students, and expert consultations. The mini-basketball questionnaire was validated by three experts using the IOC method, achieving a validation score of 0.95 and a reliability of 0.88 after testing.

Results: The results indicated that most participants had a positive perception of mini-basketball promotional activities. Using the POLC theory, we developed management guidelines for promoting mini-basketball in Yunnan Province. These guidelines included 20 planning elements (e.g., goal setting, policy support), 15 organizing elements (e.g., resource allocation), 17 leading elements (e.g., risk management), and 16 controlling elements (e.g., leadership training). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the perception of mini-basketball between teachers and coaches.

Conclusion: The experts confirmed that the management guidelines for promoting mini-basketball in Yunnan Province are reasonable and practical. They align with policy objectives and hold significant value for managing mini-basketball in schools and sports associations. These guidelines are expected to have a positive impact on the promotion and development of mini-basketball in Yunnan Province.

Cultural Empowerment through Wind Turbine Design: Translating Local Imagery into Renewable Infrastructure

2025-04-18T06:50:23+07:00

Background and Aim: This study examines how the decorative design of wind turbines can serve as a means of cultural empowerment by translating local cultural imagery into renewable energy infrastructure. It proposes a new framework that integrates cultural heritage into turbine aesthetics, moving beyond technocentric approaches to show how turbines can reflect both ecological context and community identity.

Materials and Methods: The research employs a three-part interdisciplinary methodology combining cultural semiotics, design anthropology, and parametric modeling. Traditional cultural motifs are adapted to turbine structures through symbolic extraction, spatial adjustment for visibility on rotating blades, and collaborative design involving local communities. Several cross-cultural case studies are analyzed to assess the integration of symbolic elements into functional infrastructure.

Results: The findings reveal that culturally inspired turbine designs, such as Indigenous fractal patterns and ancestral geometries translated via algorithmic design, enhance public acceptance without compromising aerodynamic performance. A typology of cultural adaptation strategies and a Cultural Heritage-Driven Design (CHD) matrix are introduced. Community involvement is reframed as a co-creative ritual that bridges modern engineering with ancestral knowledge.

Conclusion: This study positions cultural relevance as an essential dimension of sustainable design, offering practical tools for implementing culturally adaptive renewable infrastructure. The proposed models are scalable across different cultural and geographic contexts, suggesting that wind turbines can become more than energy devices—they can act as living monuments of ecological wisdom and cultural continuity. The results have implications for global energy policy, design education, and future heritage-compatible infrastructure standards.

Does China’s Foreign Exchange Market Volatility Affect Agricultural Loan Market Volatility?

2025-05-08T09:48:09+07:00

Background and Aims: China's foreign exchange (Forex) market has become increasingly volatile due to global economic shocks and domestic financial reforms. This volatility poses potential systemic risks to interconnected markets, including the agricultural loan market. Given the centrality of agriculture in China’s export profile and its dependence on specialized credit mechanisms, understanding how foreign exchange fluctuations impact agricultural finance is critical. This study investigates whether volatility in China’s foreign exchange market generates spillover effects on the agricultural loan market. It specifically explores the direction and time-varying nature of these effects and examines the mediating role of agricultural exports in this transmission process.

Methodology: A Time-Varying Parameter Stochastic Volatility Vector Autoregression (TVP-SV-VAR) model is employed to analyze quarterly data from Q3 2011 to Q4 2023. The model integrates three variables: Forex volatility (measured via RMB/USD parity rate log returns), agricultural exports (from the Ministry of Commerce), and agricultural loan market volatility (based on adjusted loan balance data). Bayesian inference and MCMC methods are used for robust parameter estimation.

Results: The findings indicate that Forex market volatility exerts significant but predominantly negative effects on agricultural loan market volatility in the short- and medium-term, challenging conventional expectations of positive spillovers. Agricultural exports, however, respond negatively to foreign exchange shocks, while their recovery has a positive impact on agricultural loan volatility. These results confirm that exports serve as a critical transmission channel. Policy resilience—via credit guarantees and export subsidies—helps buffer short-term effects, although systemic risks accumulate over time.

Conclusion: Foreign exchange volatility influences agricultural loan markets in a dynamic, time-varying manner, with agricultural exports acting as a key conduit. While China's policy interventions have mitigated immediate impacts, long-term resilience demands adaptive strategies. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers seeking to enhance financial stability in sectors vulnerable to external financial shocks.

Evaluating Vocational College-Enterprise Cooperation in Xinjiang: A Multi-Dimensional Model for Enhancing Effectiveness and Addressing Regional Challenges

2025-05-16T17:09:45+07:00

Background and Aim: Vocational education plays a crucial role in developing a skilled workforce to meet industry demands, yet collaboration between vocational colleges and enterprises continues to face challenges such as skill mismatches, resource limitations, and curriculum misalignment with labor market needs. This study focuses on developing an evaluation model for measuring the effectiveness of vocational college-enterprise cooperation, with a specific emphasis on Xinjiang Vocational College of Science and Technology, China, aiming to provide a systematic framework for assessing and improving such partnerships.

Materials and Methods: This study utilized a mixed-methods research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Stakeholders were selected based on their roles in vocational college-enterprise cooperation, including college administrators responsible for curriculum design, enterprise representatives managing internships and training, and final-year students participating in cooperative programs. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 participants and focus group discussions involving 30 stakeholders, providing insights into their experiences and challenges. Quantitative data were obtained via surveys distributed to 550 participants, including 153 college staff, 147 enterprise representatives, and 250 students. The survey assessed factors such as collaboration models, resource investment, project management, communication, and external environment. Data were analyzed using Content Analysis for qualitative insights and Multiple Regression Analysis for quantitative evaluation, ensuring a robust exploration of the factors influencing cooperation effectiveness.

Result: The findings indicate that collaboration models and content, investment and resource management, project management, communication, and external environment significantly impact the effectiveness of vocational college-enterprise cooperation at a 0.05 significance level. Furthermore, the developed evaluation model identified three key assessment criteria—Student Employment Rates, Improving Enterprise Technology Levels, and Strengthening Practical Operational Capabilities—each supported by three key performance indicators, providing measurable outcomes for assessing partnership success.

Conclusion: This study establishes a practical evaluation model to enhance vocational college-enterprise cooperation, highlighting critical success factors and offering actionable insights for improving vocational training efficiency and aligning educational programs with labor market demands. The results not only contribute to academic discourse but also provide a valuable tool for policymakers and institutional leaders to optimize collaboration strategies, with potential for future research to validate the model’s applicability across diverse regional and industrial contexts.

Understanding Graduate Employment Lag and Strategic Responses in Applied Universities: A Case Study of Henan Province, China

2025-05-17T18:07:35+07:00

Background and Aim: In the context of higher education, the concept of "slow employment" among college graduates has gained increasing attention. This phenomenon refers to the trend where students delay actively seeking employment after graduation, often choosing instead to retake postgraduate entrance exams, prepare for civil service examinations, or intentionally postpone entering the workforce as a transitional period. This study focuses specifically on application-oriented universities in Henan Province, China, providing a clear and targeted research scope. By analyzing the underlying theories and key influencing factors, the study aims to offer actionable countermeasures to address this growing trend. From the perspective of higher education marketing, understanding "slow employment" is vital for universities to effectively communicate their career support services and graduate outcomes. Addressing this challenge is essential for institutions to enhance their value proposition to prospective students and their families, ensuring alignment between educational offerings and future career opportunities.

Materials and Methods: This study reviews existing literature on "slow employment," clarifies related concepts, and employs a qualitative research approach. Specifically, the research includes in-depth interviews and thematic analysis to investigate the factors influencing graduates' "slow employment" tendencies. The interviewees consist of recent graduates from application-oriented universities in Henan Province, China, who are either experiencing "slow employment" themselves or are actively involved in the job-seeking process. Including these participants ensures that the study captures diverse perspectives and provides a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.

Results: The study identifies key factors contributing to "slow employment," including career uncertainty, a competitive job market, parental and societal expectations, viewing "slow employment" as a phase for self-improvement, and financial support from parents reducing the urgency to work. Gender differences were noted, with female graduates more influenced by societal expectations and male graduates prioritizing income stability. These insights are valuable for higher education institutions to develop targeted strategies. For example, universities can address career uncertainty by promoting career counseling, internships, and alumni success stories, while also engaging parents by emphasizing the long-term career readiness of graduates.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study recommends targeted interventions such as career guidance programs, mentorship initiatives, and policy adjustments to reduce graduates' dependency on exams. Additionally, strengthening university-employer collaborations is proposed to better align graduates' skills with market demands, enabling smoother transitions into the workforce. These recommendations are not only practical but also highly relevant to higher education marketing. By implementing these strategies, universities can enhance their brand image and perceived value, showcasing a commitment to graduate success. Highlighting successful employer collaborations and robust career support services can serve as a strong differentiator in a competitive market. Furthermore, these strategies enable applied universities to improve both their "product" (educational experience and graduate outcomes) and "promotion" (effectively communicating these benefits to prospective students and parents).

Developing Potential for Excellence in Language, Music, Art, and Culture for Upper Secondary School Students in Maha Sarakham Province for Social and Local Development

2025-05-29T21:42:16+07:00

Background and Aim. The objectives of this research are as follows: 1. To study the problems and potential of high school students in the Maha Sarakham provincial area regarding language, music, art, and culture.2.To develop students’ potential towards excellence in language, music, art, and culture, to integrate with social and local development.2.To evaluate and summarize the results of the development of students’ potential towards excellence in language, music, art, and culture.

Materials and Methods: This study used a participatory action research approach divided into three phases: 1. Problem and Potential Study Qualitative research involving literature review and fieldwork, including interviews with 200 high school students in Maha Sarakham to explore issues and potentials in language, music, art, and culture. 2: Capacity Development Qualitative methods with brainstorming, focus groups, and expert-led participatory activities to develop students’ excellence in the targeted 3: Evaluation and Conclusion Mixed-methods approach to evaluate development outcomes through pre- and post-assessments of 200 students, lesson learned extraction, and post-development knowledge training. This approach ensured active participation and comprehensive understanding to enhance students’ capabilities effectively.

Results: The research findings are as follows: Research Findings 1. Current Issues and Potential: Students showed strong foundations in the Isan dialect and traditional music, with notable potential in local handicrafts and cultural preservation. However, challenges included a lack of foreign language resources and teachers, shortages of musical instruments, limited art materials, and the impact of modern influences on local culture.2.Capacity Development: Development activities tailored to the local context—such as practical Chinese language learning, music camps, collaborative concerts, and cultural performance training—led to improved language skills, creation of local-identity artworks, stronger school-community networks, and income generation from student performances. 3. Evaluation: Students demonstrated significant skill growth and practical application: 80% of Chinese learners improved communication, music students enhanced individual and group performance, and art and culture students generated income through performances.

Conclusion: This study successfully investigated the current issues and potential of upper secondary students in Maha Sarakham Province in language, music, art, and culture. Through a participatory action research approach, the researcher developed and enhanced students’ capacities using locally tailored activities. The evaluation showed significant improvements in language proficiency, artistic skills, cultural engagement, and practical application, including income generation from performances. The findings highlight the importance of community collaboration and contextualized capacity development to foster excellence and contribute to local cultural preservation and societal advancement. Future efforts should continue to support resource development, expert involvement, and sustainable networks to maintain and expand these achievements.

Enhancing Modern Chinese Literature Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Superstar Learning Platform's Impact

2025-02-08T07:14:36+07:00

Background and Aim: The integration of digital platforms in education enhances teaching and learning. This study evaluated the Superstar Learning Platform's effectiveness as a supplementary tool for Modern Chinese Literature (MCL), aiming to address the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as a lack of comprehensiveness and student engagement. The goal is to assess its effectiveness on reading competence, literary appreciation, student performance, and total scores.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design involving 95 undergraduates assessed the Superstar Learning Platform's impact on reading competence, literary appreciation, performance, and total scores. Fifty students used the platform (experimental group), while 45 received traditional teaching (control group). Quantitative data were gathered through the design, and qualitative data were collected via an open-ended questionnaire to explore the experimental group's satisfaction with MCL.

Results: Quantitative data showed that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements than the control group. Notable mean improvements were observed in reading competence (11.6 vs. 2.49), literary appreciation (4.48 vs. 2.38), student performance (4.02 vs. 1.12), and total scores (7.9 vs. 2.12), demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention of Superstar Learning Platform. Qualitative feedback confirmed that most experimental group students expressed positive attitudes toward the Superstar Learning Platform.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that with the platform, the experimental group achieved significant improvements in reading competence, literary appreciation, student performance, and total scores compared to the control group. Furthermore, a majority of the experimental group held positive attitudes towards the platform. It indicated that the implementation of the Superstar Learning Platform in MCL had notable effects.