International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews

Designing a SAQ Physical Fitness Program for Football Athletes of Guangzhou Sport University

Zhichao Guan — 2025-05-03

Background and Aim: SAQ training is a training method that integrates speed, agility, and quick start training, and is widely used in ball sports training in Europe and the United States. This study explores whether the experimental comparison between SAQ training and traditional training methods is conducive to improving the ball control skills and agility of college football players, to effectively carry out SAQ training in my country, and to provide new ideas and suggestions for college football training courses. This study aims to design a SAQ physical training program for football players at the Guangzhou Sports Institute.

Materials and Methods: The experimenters of this study are all college athletes majoring in football at Guangzhou Sport University in the 2023 academic year. The population is 80 people. These 80 college athletes majoring in football will participate in 8 physical fitness tests for football in this study. After passing 8 kinds of physical fitness tests for football. 40 samples were selected to complete this test. The researchers will use a simple random sampling method to select 20 college athletes majoring in football as the experimental group. The remaining 20 people will serve as the control group of this experiment. In this experiment, the experimental group will use the SAQ football-specific physical fitness training of this research project for physical fitness training. In contrast, the control group will mainly use traditional physical training programs. The experimental time of the athletes is 8 weeks, including 3 training sessions per week, each training for 1 hour. In addition, 8 kinds of football-specific physical fitness tests will be conducted again before training and after 8 weeks of training to evaluate the effects of SAQ football-specific physical fitness training on athletes. In this study, the mean, standard deviation, and related t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: After the scientific and targeted SAQ football-specific physical fitness training, the P value of the 8 football-specific physical fitness test scores before the experimental training and after 8 weeks of experimental training was lower than 0.01, indicating that this study has a significant effect.

Conclusion: The scientific data obtained from the experimental sequence in the SAQ football-specific physical training plan has a great help and effect on improving the physical fitness of Guangzhou Sport Institute football team players in football matches.

Development Guidelines to Promote Canoeing in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China

Han Wang — 2025-05-03

Background and Aim: After winning three gold medals at the Seventh National Games, Henan Province's canoeing project has been at a low point in previous National Games. Although the results and strength have improved in recent years, compared with the domestic advantage projects, the inter-provincial gap in canoeing projects is still large. It is urgent to identify the problems, update the concepts, seek breakthroughs, and achieve the sustainable development of Henan Province's canoeing projects. Based on the investigation of the current status of canoeing training in my country, this paper aims to formulate a guide for the development of canoeing sports in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, and combines the specific actual training situation of canoeing projects in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province. The purpose is to investigate and study the current status of canoeing training in the city, aiming to sort out the shortcomings and deficiencies of canoeing training in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province in the emerging stage, and strive to explore solutions and development guidelines, to achieve corresponding results, and provide theoretical references for the comprehensive, rapid and healthy development of canoeing projects in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province.

Materials and Methods: This study took the Pingdingshan City Canoeing Team in Henan Province as the research object, with a total of 200 people as the sample group, including 15 canoeing team leaders, 25 canoeing coaches, and 160 canoeing athletes. Three experts were selected through purposive sampling to check the interview form and questionnaire quality (IOC), including 1 national canoeing coach and 2 senior canoeing coaches. Seven experts were selected through purposive sampling, including 4 Pingdingshan City Team Water Sports Team Coaches and 3 Henan Provincial Team Water Sports Team Coaches, and they were invited to conduct expert interviews to collect relevant suggestions. Nine experts were invited as focus groups through purposive sampling, including 3 Henan Provincial Water Sports Team Coaches, 4 Pingdingshan City Water Sports Team Coaches, and 2 Zhoukou City Water Sports Team Coaches, and improvement suggestions were put forward through focus groups.

Results: The analysis points out current problems in infrastructure, funding, training programs, and recruitment. Infrastructure needs to be improved, and funding mainly depends on external sponsorship. It is recommended to increase in-kind assistance to make up for the lack of equipment. Training programs lack consistency and standardization, and modern scientific methods need to be adopted, and coaches need to be professionalized. In addition, challenges in resources and staff retention need to be addressed through raising public awareness. Suggested development methods include upgrading facilities, diversifying funding sources, standardizing training programs, enhancing public awareness, and calling on the government to formulate supportive policies.

Conclusion: This study aims to develop guidelines to promote the development of canoeing in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, and comprehensively analyze infrastructure, funding, training programs, various recruitment methods, and policy support. Research tools such as structured questionnaires and expert interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data.

Effect of Group Counseling Combined with Role Play Techniques on Emotional Intelligence of First-Year Students at Shanxi in the Open University

Chen Kun — 2025-05-03

Background and Aim: Amid the academic aspirations and personal transformations that define the first year of university, students often grapple with developing emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is an indispensable trait for thriving in a diverse and dynamic university environment. The purpose of this research is 1) compare the emotional intelligence of students before and after learning through group counseling combined with role-play techniques. 2)Compare the emotional intelligence of students with the determined criterion of 70%.

Materials and Methods: The sample of this study was 40 first-year students studying at Shanxi Open University, derived from the cluster random sampling method in the academic year 2023. The research tools are 1) Seven lesson plans using group counseling combined with role-play techniques. 2)an emotional intelligence test with a reliability of 0.84. The statistics used for data analysis were the mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test.

Results: After learning through group counseling combined with role-play techniques, students' emotional intelligence achieved by 72%, surpassing the predetermined criteria of 70% and the difference is statistically significant at .05. After learning through group counseling combined with role-play techniques by students' emotional intelligence is at a high level with (M= 119.48 S.D. =9.44).

Conclusion: The study confirms that learning through group counseling combined with role-play techniques significantly enhances students' emotional intelligence. It stimulates students' interest in learning, develops students' independent learning ability, and meets their personalized learning needs. It is a new trend in the future of education.

Effects of Defense Transition Training Program on Stopping The Fast Break Ability in University Players

Jingjia He — 2025-05-03

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a anti defense transition training program on stopping the fast break ability in university players.

Materials and Methods: The research employed an experimental methodology. Selecting participants was crucial for defining the study's scope and ensuring the relevance of its findings. The participants were university basketball players aged 18-22 years, selected to ensure a representative sample of adult players with varying physical abilities. A total of 20 players participated, maintaining an equal distribution of genders, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the training program's impact.

Results: Research results reveal that 1）The ability of a player or team to rapidly and effectively halt the opposing team's fast break consists of anti-defense skills (teamwork, no middle penetration, no ball reversals, and move when the ball moves.) and physical fitness for anti-defense (anaerobic capacity, speed, power, and agility). 2) The effects of before training, after training 4th week, and after training 8th week, using a anti defense transition training program on stopping the fast break ability in university players was increase significant difference (t-values: teamwork: 7.89, no middle penetration: 8.33, no ball reversals: 3.33, moving with the ball: 6.75, p < 0.01). 3) The effects between youth players trained using a defensive program and those trained through traditional basketball training methods were significant differences (t-values: anaerobic capacity: 45.29, speed: 38.14, power: 49.12, agility: 42.76, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: By implementing the anti-defense transition training program, the Shenzhen Technology University basketball team not only achieved notable progress in their ability to stop fast breaks but also showed significant improvements in overall defensive skills and physical fitness. These findings provide valuable insights for future basketball training methodologies and emphasize the importance of continuously improving and adapting training programs to meet the evolving demands of the game.

Development of Strategies to Improve the Achievement of Football Players in University

Haixin Li — 2025-05-03

Background and Aim: Football's global appeal is driven by its simplicity and community-building. In China, university football is growing, but challenges in infrastructure, coaching, and academic balance remain. This article an aim to study the current situation, problems and approaches of strategies to improve the achievement of football athletes’ students in higher education.

Materials and Methods: The study is structured into three phases aimed at developing strategies to enhance the academic achievement of football athletes in higher education. Phase 1 involves analyzing the current situation, identifying problems, and gathering data through document review, questionnaires, and interviews. Phase 2 focuses on drafting and refining strategies with input from experts using the Delphi technique. Phase 3 confirms the strategies' quality and feasibility, with experts validating the final strategies through a structured assessment process before summarizing the findings in a final report.

Result: The research has successfully developed a comprehensive strategy aimed at improving the academic and athletic achievements of university football athletes. The strategy addresses multiple facets of athlete development, including academic support, athletic training, life skills and career development, mental health, coaching, and the integration of political education and citizenship. Each aspect of the strategy is designed to create a balanced and supportive environment that empowers student-athletes to excel in both their academic and athletic pursuits. By fostering collaboration between academic advisors, coaches, and mental health professionals, and incorporating evidence-based practices.

Conclusion: The strategy aims to enhance performance, reduce injury rates, and improve overall well-being. Furthermore, the inclusion of life skills, career development, and political education ensures that athletes are well-prepared for life beyond sports, with a strong sense of citizenship and social responsibility. The research concludes that a holistic approach, which integrates these elements, is essential for the long-term success and satisfaction of student-athletes, both during and after their university careers.

Development of Adding Medical Practice in Wushu Teaching Program for Medical Students

Yiheng Feng — 2025-05-04

Background and Aim: This research aimed to develop an added medical practice in the Wushu teaching program for medical students. The program was implemented in physical education courses for medical students. The fusion of traditional culture and modern science, the rise of interdisciplinary education, the demand for international collaboration, and the application of modern technologies provided a solid basis for constructing a teaching plan that combined Wushu and medicine for college students. This approach enhanced the educational experience and promoted health awareness, cultural appreciation, and global cooperation.

Materials and Methods: The study involved medical school students enrolled in a physical education course, selected based on their willingness to participate. Research tools, including questionnaires, interviews, observational checklists, and physical fitness tests, were used to assess students' knowledge, skills, physical health, and experiences before and after the intervention. The experimental process followed several phases: pre-intervention assessment, program implementation, ongoing evaluation, and post-intervention assessment. Data were analyzed through statistical and thematic methods, revealing a significant impact of integrating Wushu techniques with medical knowledge on students' Wushu skills, medical understanding, and overall physical and mental health.

Results: The teaching plan successfully integrated Wushu and medicine for college students. Wushu Tai Chi was cross-integrated with disciplines such as sports rehabilitation, physiology, and injury recovery. Teaching groups were established, tasks were clarified, and managerial responsibilities were reinforced. A talent cultivation plan was developed, supported by high-quality facilities, achieving both internal and external integration of Wushu teaching.

Conclusion: The integration of Wushu and medical knowledge enhanced students’ skills and understanding. An improved evaluation system was implemented, providing feedback on teaching effectiveness. The findings indicated that the program significantly contributed to the development of students' physical and medical knowledge. Based on evaluation reports, continuous improvements in teaching practices were recommended.

Utilizing Wearable Technology to Enhance Physical Education Teaching in Chinese High Schools

Zeyu Zhang — 2025-05-04

Background and Aim: In the context of the rapid development of smartphones and the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable technology, as an emerging field, has received increasing attention. These devices interact with the user's body through sensors, processors, and connectivity technologies, capable of collecting, analyzing, and transmitting various physiological signals and movement data in real-time. This enables personalized health monitoring, activity tracking, and virtual reality functions, presenting significant market potential and prospects. Therefore, this research aims to study the utilization of wearable technology to enhance physical education teaching in Chinese high schools.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed-methods study. The population consists of students from physical education classes across 3 high schools in Shanxi Province, and spans 3 grades: grade 10, grade 11, and grade 12, ensuring that each grade is equally represented within the study. Through a stratified sampling method, 18 classes were selected as the sample group, with each school contributing 6 classes, 2 classes from each of the grades 10, 11, and 12. Questionnaire surveys, observation, and interview methods were used to collect the data. In this research, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: The research results showed that (1) the introduction of wearable technology into physical education significantly increases student engagement; (2) Wearable technology is positively correlated with improved performance in physical education; and (3) It have several barriers hinder the effective implementation of wearable technology, including the high cost of devices, technical difficulties, and a lack of adequate teacher training.

Conclusion: Wearable technology significantly improves student engagement and learning outcomes in high school physical education in Shanxi Province. Students who used wearable devices reported higher motivation and greater consistency in participation, particularly due to features like real-time feedback and gamification.

Research on the Cultural Characteristics of Glove Puppetry Costumes in Southern Fujian

Yufei Kong — 2025-05-04

Background and Aim: The Minnan Glove Puppetry, a pivotal element of traditional Chinese opera, boasts a rich costume culture that encapsulates the distinct folk characteristics and aesthetic sensibilities of the Minnan region in Fujian. Despite its cultural richness, the limited regional reach and outdated dissemination methods have significantly hampered its wider recognition and influence. This study is dedicated to a comprehensive exploration of the underexplored aspects of Minnan Glove Puppetry’s costume culture, particularly its intricate artistic expressions and profound cultural values within traditional drama contexts. It seeks to propose effective strategies for the protection and inheritance of this invaluable intangible cultural heritage, aiming to bolster its popularity and relevance both locally and globally.

Materials and Methods: Employing a blend of comprehensive literature review and meticulous field investigations, this research delves deeply into the unique costume culture of Minnan Glove Puppetry. The team conducted field visits to the Jinjiang Puppet Art Protection and Inheritance Center in Quanzhou, where they employed specialized techniques in data collection, including observational studies and structured interviews, to gather primary data on costume design, production processes, and usage in performances. Concurrently, the study features targeted case analyses of costumes from three emblematic plays: "Da Ming Fu", "Nu Zhong Kui", and "Li Dong Jia Xun An", aiming to highlight their role in cultural narration and their artistic significance.

Results: The investigation reveals that Minnan Glove Puppetry costumes transcend mere aesthetic roles, serving as vital conduits for the rich cultural essence of the Minnan region. The intricate patterns, vibrant colors, and distinctive shapes of these costumes do not merely adorn; they communicate deep-rooted historical narratives and cultural values, acting as non-verbal lexicons of Minnan’s heritage. Recognizing these costumes as dynamic cultural narrative tools, the study underscores their potential in offering modern audiences novel insights and a richer, more engaging cultural experience.

Conclusion: To safeguard and perpetuate the costume culture of Minnan Glove Puppetry, it is imperative to adopt a more action-oriented and forward-looking approach. This includes the integration of costume culture into interdisciplinary research frameworks that meld art, anthropology, and technology, thus enriching the academic and practical understanding of these traditional costumes. Additionally, embedding Glove Puppetry into educational curricula will not only enlighten but also ignite the passion of younger generations for this traditional art. Leveraging digital technologies to preserve and showcase these costumes, coupled with encouraging designers to blend traditional elements into contemporary designs, will significantly enhance their market appeal and cultural resonance. Furthermore, fostering community engagement, international collaborations, and leveraging cultural assets for economic development are critical for amplifying the global presence and impact of Minnan Glove Puppetry.

Interventions on Student Engagement: An Action Research Study of Business English Class in Southwest Forestry University in China

Xiaokang Liu — 2025-05-04

Background and Aim: The exploration of innovative methodologies aimed at enhancing student engagement via collaborative group activities holds significant value and demand within the context of the global higher education landscape, characterized by large-scale expansions, particularly in China, where such endeavors are paramount. This study aimed to investigate the effects of organization development interventions (ODI) on the self-efficacy (SE), active collaborative learning (ACL), and group potency (GP), intermediated by teacher support (TS), to improve student engagement (StuE) in Southwest Forestry University in China. The objectives of this research are to ascertain the relationships among ACL, SE, GP, TS, and StuE at Southwest Forestry University, identify suitable assessment tools for these constructs, understand their current developmental levels, design and implement interventions to enhance student engagement, explore a method for improving engagement among Chinese university students, and derive approximate results through quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Materials and Methods: This research adopts a quasi-experimental design featuring a pretest-posttest framework, incorporating a mixed-methods approach for its implementation. It involved two cohorts of 76 students, constituting an experimental group and a control group, who participated in the study. Specifically, a suite of 15 tailored interventions was devised and administered to the participants in the experimental class. To gather both quantitative and qualitative data within this quasi-experimental context, a comprehensive data collection strategy was employed, encompassing questionnaires (SPSS 27), focus group interviews, and reflective reports (MAX QDA).

Results: The quantitative analysis reveals that the P-values associated with the five independent variables (IVs) within the experimental group are all less than .001, thereby satisfying the threshold of statistical significance (p < 0.05), suggesting marked differences post-OD interventions. Conversely, the control group's P-values, all exceeding 0.05, indicate the absence of statistically significant differences. Furthermore, the qualitative data, transcribed from focus group interviews and reflective reports, coded by three independent researchers, provides corroborative evidence, reinforcing the findings of the quantitative research.

Conclusion: The outcomes of this action research, situated within the context of Southwest Forestry University, indicate that organization development (OD) interventions hold promise in bolstering Student Engagement (StuE). Nevertheless, the mediating influence of Teacher Support (TS) did not emerge as a statistically significant factor. In light of these findings, it is advocated that future research endeavors ought to delve more profoundly into the intricacies of group leadership dynamics and the role of TS to attain a more nuanced comprehension of their potential contributions to enhancing StuE.

The Effects of Experiential Learning Approach on Accounting Ability of First-Year Students at Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology

Xixi Liang — 2025-05-04

Background and Aim: This experimental research aimed to 1) compare accounting ability before and after learning through the Experiential Learning Approach, 2) compare accounting ability with the determined criterion of 70 percent, and 3) assess students’ satisfaction after learning through the Experiential Learning Approach.

Materials and Methods: The Sample of this study was 30 first-year students (1 classroom) from Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology in Henan province, the People's Republic of China, derived by the cluster random sampling method. The research instruments were as follows: 1) the appropriateness of lesson plans were using Experiential Learning Approach on Accounting Course was at very high level (M=4.63, SD= 0.49), 2) students’ accounting ability test divided in 2 parts: Part I was multiple choice test with a difficulty (p=0.43-0.70) and discrimination (r=0.20-0.47) with reliability index of .82 and Part 2 was practical skill test with reliability index of .83, and 3) student satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.72. The statistics used to analyze data were mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent samples, and t-test for one sample.

Results: The results revealed that 1) the students’ accounting ability after learning through Experiential Learning Approach on Accounting Course was higher than before at statistically significant level of .01 ( t = 11.40, p < .001), 2) the students’ accounting ability after learning through Experiential Learning Approach on Accounting Course was higher than the determined criterion of 70 percent at a significance level of .01 (t = 3.62, p < .001), and 3) the students’ satisfaction after learning through Experiential Learning Approach on Accounting Course was at a very high level (M=4.59, SD=0.53).

Conclusion: The knowledge gained from the research is a 5-steps using the Experiential Learning Approach in Accounting Course, which consists of (1) Introduction and preparation, (2) Facilitating case studies, (3) Guiding conceptualization and simulation internship, (4) Practical exercises, and (5) Summary and reflection. It has been found to enhance students’ accounting ability of students.

Improving Student Feedback Literacy Through Collaborative Dialogic Feedback intervention: An Action Research study at a University in Southwest China

Wenfang Liu — 2025-05-05

Background and Aim: Student feedback literacy (SFL), a group of cognitive and dispositional competencies for students to benefit from feedback, has been viewed as a key part of lifelong learning capacity. At a university in Southwest China, students and teachers reported low levels of SFL and the absence of feedback practices for cultivating SFL. The action research aims to testify to the efficacy of integrating collaborative dialogic feedback (CDF) intervention into a university course curriculum to improve SFL.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 76 sophomore students from a university in southwest China majoring in business English. Three rounds of collaborative dialogic feedback intervention were conducted in the experimental group (N=37), and teacher-dominated feedback was conducted in the control group (N=39). Data were collected over a 16-week semester, including the pre-and post-intervention student questionnaires of both groups, five types of student feedback documents, and post-intervention interviews of nine informants from the experimental groups.

Results: The quantitative data showed that students from the experimental group perceived significant improvement in appreciation of and readiness to engage in feedback, and eliciting, generating, processing, and enacting feedback information, with a p-value of the results of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test less than 0.05, and students from the control group perceived no improvement. The content analysis of the student feedback document demonstrated a gradual improvement in the behaviors related to the six dimensions of feedback literacy during the eight feedback activities of the intervention. In the interviews, students attributed their improvement of feedback literacy to sufficient teacher support, opportunities for ongoing practices, and experiences of benefiting from being the key agent of feedback available in the collaborative dialogic feedback intervention.

Conclusion: The results of both quantitative and qualitative data support that the collaborative dialogic feedback intervention could facilitate the development of student feedback literacy.

Developing an Intensive Football Goalkeeper Training Camp Program for Secondary School Students

Shuang Wang — 2025-05-07

Background and Aim: Football goalkeepers in China require specific skills and characteristics to excel in their positions. They need to have good aerobic endurance and anaerobic endurance to perform well in the competition. Overall, a combination of physical endurance, technical skills, and mental fitness is essential for football goalkeepers in China to succeed in the position. Therefore, this research objective was to develop and evaluate an intensive football goalkeeper training camp program for secondary school students. The research provides a valuable framework for designing effective training programs to enhance the performance of young goalkeepers.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed-methods research that involved a four-phase process: 1) Literature review and research to gather existing knowledge on training adolescent goalkeepers. 2) Deep interviews with 5 experts to identify key factors for program design. 3) Focus group discussions with 9 experts to develop the training camp program, incorporating technical skills, tactical understanding, physical conditioning, mental fortitude, and recovery strategies. 4) Connoisseurship evaluation by 7 experts to assess the program's suitability and feasibility. Data analysis was computed with the mean and standard deviation.

Results: The results found that: 1) The intensive football goalkeeper training camp program, a 14-day duration training, encompassed a holistic approach to goalkeeper development, progressing from foundational techniques to advanced skills, and integrating tactical awareness, physical conditioning, and mental training. 2) Experts rated the program highly, particularly commending its focus on tactical understanding and well-rounded physical conditioning.

Conclusion: The intensive football goalkeeper training camp program represents a well-structured and evidence-based approach to goalkeeper development. By integrating technical, tactical, physical, and mental training components, it addresses the multifaceted demands of the position.

Impact of Nonlinear Learning Approaches on Performance and Motivation in Sports Climbing: An Empirical Evidence Study

HaoHua Dong — 2025-05-07

Background and Aim: The study's purpose is to examine the impact of two distinct learning approaches: Traditional Learning and Nonlinear Learning, on Practical Skill Performance and Motivation in sports climbing. The study hypothesized that Nonlinear Learning, which emphasizes adaptability, exploration, and self-organization, would result in more effective performance outcomes and motivation levels compared to the more structured Traditional Learning approach.

Materials and Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving 240 university students enrolled in sports climbing courses. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Traditional Learning group or a Nonlinear Learning group. Practical Skill Performance is assessed using the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC) Scores and Jerk Coefficient (Inertial Measurement Unit), while Motivation is evaluated through the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II). A series of one-way ANOVA was conducted to analyze the effects of the learning mode.

Results: The results indicated that the Nonlinear Learning group achieved significantly higher IFSC Scores (mean difference = 2.60, 𝑝 = 0.013) and lower Jerk Coefficients (mean difference = 0.04, 𝑝 = 0.018) compared to the Traditional Learning group. Additionally, the Nonlinear Learning group displayed significantly higher levels of Intrinsic Motivation (mean difference = 0.31, 𝑝 = 0.01) and Identified Regulation (mean difference = 0.15, 𝑝 = 0.01). These findings support the hypothesis that Nonlinear Learning positively influences both Practical Skill Performance and Motivation.

Conclusion: The study provides empirical evidence that Nonlinear Learning is more effective than Traditional Learning in enhancing both performance and motivation in sports climbing. And suggest that adopting Nonlinear Learning strategies in sports education could lead to skill acquisition and sustained engagement among students.

Development of SAQ Training to Improve Taekwondo Players’ Performance

Xin Tong — 2025-05-07

Background and Aim: The objective of this research is 1 to study the effects of SAQ training on Taekwondo players' performance. 2) to compare the effects of SAQ training on Taekwondo players' performance, and 3) to compare the effects of within-group SAQ training on Taekwondo players' performance during the Pretest, After Week 4, and post-test periods.

Materials and Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental, using a two-group experimental design. Taekwondo players aged 14-16 from the Jiujiang Children and Youth Sports School in Jiangxi Province were simply randomly sampled and placed into two groups: experimental and control. They were tested for Taekwondo skills, speed, agility, and quickness before receiving SAQ training and repeating the assessments after week 4 and the posttest. The data were analyzed using statistical software packages for mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA repeated measures, and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. The statistical significance threshold was 0.05.

Results: The results showed that: 1) the mean comparison between experimental and control groups, SAQ test (30-meter sprint, ‘T’test, and lateral change of direction) and taekwondo skills (20s turning kick, 20s double chop kick, and combination kick) were significant difference (*p<.05). 2) The mean comparison within the experimental group between the pretest, after week 4, and the posttest, all of the variables pairwise showed significant differences (*p<.50).

Conclusion: The SAQ training can improve taekwondo skills.

Develop Program of Recreational Sport for Promoting Physical Fitness Among University Students in Fuzhou

Xiangfei Zhu — 2025-05-07

Background and Aim: To improve the physical fitness of university students. This research is concerned with four main objectives as 1) To study the status of recreational sports participation among university students in Fuzhou; 2) To develop a FITT-VP program that can improve the physical fitness of university students in Fuzhou; 3) To evaluate the feasibility of the developed recreational sport program to promote physical fitness among university students in Fuzhou.

Materials and Methods: This article takes 18 universities in Fuzhou City as the research object. It adopts research methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions to survey 6 recreational sports and fitness experts, 6 physical education department directors, and 400 college students (simple sampling) in Fuzhou City. The questionnaire data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and t-test statistics using SPSS software. In addition, the research findings were also verified and evaluated through focus group discussions with 12 experts and stakeholders to verify the feasibility and appropriateness of the research.

Results: The research results show that University students in Fuzhou exercise 3-4 times per week (3.40 ± 1.11), with each session's intensity ranging from moderate to high (2.82 ± 1.14), and each session lasting 60-90 minutes or more (2.92 ± 1.24). The training types are highly diverse, including resistance training (bodyweight exercises and weightlifting) and aerobic training (yoga, basketball, jump rope, aerobics, etc.) (1.84 ± 1.00). This article presents a recreational sports program for college students in Fuzhou City, including 24 training programs in six dimensions: frequency, time, intensity, type, training volume, and progression. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the training programs were demonstrated and evaluated, and found to be feasible and appropriate by experts and relevant stakeholders. Before and after the experiment, there was a significant improvement in the students' physical fitness (56.33±7.23 VS 67.34±8.82), but the post-experiment physical fitness scores were like the average physical fitness level of Chinese university students.

Conclusion: It has been shown that the recreational sports program intended to increase university students' physical fitness is feasible. Cohort studies can be conducted with a larger number of participants in the future.

Guideline to Promoting Small Basketball Among Children Aged 7-9 in Xi’an Province

ZeQiang Xu — 2025-05-03

Background and Aim: With the continuous improvement of China's economic level and the continuous improvement of people's happiness index, sports are favored by more and more people and have become a part of People's Daily life. The report of the 19th National Congress of China pointed out that "speeding up the construction of sports power" should deepen sports reform. "The Outline of Building a Sports Power" pointed out that "it is necessary to comprehensively promote the popularization of basketball, football, and volleyball, explore the" three-ball "project culture, and improve the awareness and participation of the masses." Under the background of the national policy to promote the construction of sports power, basketball has ushered in an unprecedented development opportunity and has been widely considered by society. To promote 7-9-year-old children's basketball, let more children know about small basketball, can also cultivate a large number of small basketball elites, and provide a large number of reserve talents for the professional player selection of the national basketball team and the provincial basketball team. At the same time, the development of children's basketball clubs has expanded the group of young people participating in basketball and further promoted the popularization and development of small basketball.

Materials and methods: First, using the keywords of children's basketball, small basketball, small basketball promotion, and Xi’an youth basketball, the literature search of related sports journals was carried out to collect and sort out relevant information. Then we interviewed 9 experts from the Basketball Department and the Promotion and Publicity Department of Shaanxi Provincial Sports Bureau to understand the promotion and development status of children's basketball in Xi’an. In the questionnaire survey of 7-9 year-old children in Xi’an, 32 basketball teachers or coaches participated in the 308 basketball parents of 7-9 year-old children. A focus group of 9 experts and professors from the Basketball Teaching and Research Department of Xi’an Physical Education University conducted data analysis. The data of expert interviews and questionnaire surveys are summarized and analyzed by mathematical statistics.

Results: Lack of resources is the main obstacle to popularizing small basketball. Training resources, equipment, and the number of professional coaches are far from enough, limiting the promotion and popularity of small basketball. Secondly, some parents and schools are unaware of the importance of small basketball, resulting in insufficient support for this form of sport, which affects children's participation. In addition, small basketball's publicity and promotion channels are relatively limited, failing to make full use of diversified communication channels, limiting its visibility and coverage. In practice, although the government has relevant support policies, there may be insufficient implementation in the specific implementation process, which also affects the development speed of small basketball.

Conclusion: Although the small basketball in Xi’an is developing gradually, it is still in the primary stage. At present, although some basketball training institutions and community activities have begun to promote small basketball, the overall participation and coverage are still limited, and many schools and communities have not formed a systematic small basketball training system. Small basketball is of great significance in cultivating children's interest and basic skills in basketball, which not only helps children develop good sports habits and team spirit from childhood but also provides a valuable foundation for the reserve of future basketball talents in Xi’an. Especially in campus sports, small basketball is expected to enrich the diversity and interest of campus sports activities because of its suitable characteristics for children, and further promote the all-around development of students.

Factor-Related Health Status of University Students

Ruowei Lin — 2025-05-09

Background and Aim: In the face of the characteristics of contemporary university students, it is urgent to use new theories to explore the promotion mechanism of university students' physical exercise behavior at the school level. However, the existing research fragmentedly explores the influencing factors of university students' physical exercise proactive behavior and lacks systematic and in-depth research. In particular, there is a lack of an exercise behavior model suitable for contemporary college students. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to test the reliability and validity of the model.

Materials and Methods: All the screened test items are formed into a test item pool, which is evaluated by 7 experts using IOC, and representative test items are selected for testing. All experts should score each test question, and use it when the experts reach a high degree of consensus; otherwise, delete it. Then it was to perform a physical ability test. Based on the physical ability test items screened by experts, 222 university students were tested and given exercise behavior change questionnaires to fill out. Statistical analysis was then performed. Statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and so on.

Results: After deleting the items that did not meet the requirements using Critical Ratio (CR) and Pearson Product-moment Correlation Analysis, the remaining items were first analyzed using EFA, and their construct validity was between .736 and .916. The model demonstrated high reliability, with all coefficients exceeding 0.8. Also, the model demonstrated high validity, with all coefficients exceeding .67. All of the above coefficients successfully passed CFA verification.

Conclusion: This study pointed out that motor control includes speed, balance, reaction, and agility. Also, the constructed healthy behavioral model has high reliability and validity, with assessment results reflecting the intended constructs. It's stable and reproducible and provides a basis for further research and applications.

Taichi Designing Training Program to Reduce Falling Risk in Elderly

Xiao Guo — 2025-05-09

Background and Aim: The research goals of this paper tai chi training program on reducing falling risk in the elderly. This study aimed to design a tai chi training program to reduce the risk of falls in older adults.

Materials and Methods: The study involved a sample group of 286 people, including a 10-question interview outline (IOC0.89) focus group outline. The Interview Outline Assessment Scale used the mean and standard deviation to screen out the 15 tai chi moves most suitable for balance in older adults. Questionnaires used percentage interviews, and focus groups used content analysis. Connoisseurs used content analysis and mean, X, standard deviation, SD

Results: The results of this study are: The results showed, After practicing Tai Chi, which consists of 15 movements, 7 for the upper limbs and 8 for the lower limbs, they further improved their balance and physiology, which could improve their stability and self-care ability in life to improve their concept learning ability

Conclusion: Enhance muscle strength: Through continuous posture and movement practice, Tai Chi can enhance core and leg muscle strength and improve overall physical fitness. Improve balance: Tai Chi’s slow, controlled movements can help enhance the elderly’s sense of balance and reduce the risk of falls.

Enhancing Student Self-efficacy in EFL Learning through Organization Development Intervention: An Action Research of JSSNU in China

Ying Fu — 2025-05-09

Background and Aim: The action research aimed to evaluate the impact of the Organization Development Intervention (ODI) on self-efficacy in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning among non-English-significant students at JSSNU. The study involved a purposive, nonprobability sample of 60 non-English majors. These students, who were actively involved in the data collection before and after the ODI, played a crucial role in the success of this study. A conceptual framework was developed based on the preliminary diagnosis and theoretical foundation.

Materials and Methods: This study used mixed research methods to gather and analyze data and test hypotheses. To assess changes, a questionnaire was administered before and after the ODI. The participants were exposed to intervention techniques, and the hypotheses were tested using a paired sample t-test, revealing significant differences in several variables before and after the ODI.

Results: The study found that ODIs significantly improved students' self-efficacy in learning English as a foreign language by influencing autonomous learning, classmate influence, academic commitment, and student engagement. The findings provide meaningful recommendations for enhancing students' self-efficacy in EFL learning and suggest areas for future research.

Conclusion: The quantitative and qualitative results of the study demonstrate a significant correlation between the independent and dependent variables. This research underscores the efficacy of specific organizational development (OD) interventions in enhancing students' self-efficacy in learning English as a foreign language (EFL), offering a broader applicability model in English education.

Effects of Cooperative Learning Combined with Critical Thinking on Chinese Reading Ability of Fourth-grade Students in Zhengzhou Chuangyi Primary School

Kai Zhang — 2025-05-09

Background and Aims: In recent years, China's Ministry of Education has introduced a series of education reform policies, emphasizing the importance of cultivating students' reading skills. For example, "Primary School Chinese New Curriculum Standard" clearly points out that primary school Chinese education should pay attention to students 'active learning and cooperative inquiry, and improve students' reading ability. The objective of this study is: 1) To compare the Chinese reading ability before and after receiving cooperative learning combined with critical thinking, 2) To compare the Chinese reading ability after using cooperative learning combined with critical thinking with the criterion of 70 percent, and 3) To assess students’ satisfaction learning through cooperative learning combined with the critical thinking.

Methodology: This study utilized a pre-experimental design featuring a one-group pretest-posttest model. The sample was 30 grade 4 students from Zhengzhou Chuangyi School, Henan Province, China. They derived from cluster random sampling. The research tools are: (1) the six lessons of the Chinese Course with a mean of congruence of 4.62; (2) the Chinese reading ability evaluation form, reliability index is .735; (3) the student satisfaction questionnaire, reliability index is.717, The statistics used to analyze the data are mean, standard deviation, t-test for sample-dependent, and t-test for one sample. Conduct a pretest and post-test on the sample using the Chinese reading ability form test, and analyze the mean, standard deviation, paired sample t-test, and one-sample t-test of the data using statistical software.

Result: After using cooperative learning combined with critical thinking, 1) Students' Chinese reading ability is higher than before learning, with a statistically significant difference of .01; 2) the Chinese reading ability test result is above 70%, and the difference is statistically significant at .01; and 3) Students have a higher satisfaction rate after learning through cooperative learning combined with critical thinking (M = 4.02, SD = 0.77).

Conclusion: This study shows that students' Chinese reading ability can be significantly improved through cooperative learning combined with critical thinking. The various stages of cooperative learning combined with critical thinking, including Problem setting and guidance, Group cooperation construction, Critical thinking training, Information sharing and integration, Reflection, and Summary, all play a positive role in promoting the improvement of students' reading ability. Moreover, students had high satisfaction with this teaching model, which further verified the effectiveness and feasibility of this teaching method.

Effects of Case Teaching Method in Chinese Course to Promote Critical Thinking Skills for Seventh-grade Students in Zhengzhou NO. 65 Middle School

Yuanjun Gou — 2025-05-09

Background and Aims: This experimental research aimed to 1) compare the critical thinking skills of the seventh-grade students before and after learning through the Case Teaching Method.2) Compare the critical thinking skills of the seventh-grade students after learning through the case teaching method with the criterion determined of 70 Percent of the full score.3) Assess the students’ satisfaction after learning through the Case Teaching Method.

Materials and Methods: The population of this study is 120 seventh-grade students, all of whom participated in Chinese language courses. The sample was selected from seventh-grade students of Zhengzhou NO. 65 Middle School using the cluster random sampling method. Data on students' critical thinking abilities before and after the case-based teaching method were collected through questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data, including the mean value of samples, standard deviation, and single-sample t-test.

Result: The results showed that 1) Critical thinking skills test scores of the students after learning through the case teaching method (M= 22.87, S.D. =4.31) were higher than before Learning (M= 18.00, S.D. =3.01) at a statistically significant level of 0.00. 2) The critical thinking skills test scores of the students after learning through the case teaching method were higher than the determined criterion of 70% at the 0.05 statistical significance level (M= 22.87, S.D. =4.31). 3) After learning through a case teaching method, students’ satisfaction was at a high level (M=4.03, S.D. = 0.76).

Conclusion: Knowledge gained from this research is that using the case teaching method in a Chinese course which consists of 4 steps of teaching, can effectively promote critical thinking skills and test scores of the students, stimulate students' interest in learning, develop students' critical thinking skills, and meets their personalized learning needs. It is a new trend in the future of education.

Research on the Strategy of the Relationship Between Quality of Life and Leisure Sports—Taking College Students in Putian as an Example

Lizhi Liu — 2025-05-09

Background and Aim: The study focuses on promoting leisure sports among Putian University students to enhance their physical and mental health and improve their quality of life. The strategy seeks to develop a sustainable model by enhancing facilities, leveraging local resources, and integrating sports activities into students' routines.

Research method: This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. Questionnaires provide quantitative data, while interviews and expert discussions yield qualitative insights. The research starts by identifying policies and conducting a survey on college students' quality of life in Putian, followed by a SWOT analysis of leisure sports. Expert interviews refine strategies, which are later tested in seminars. The target group consists of 25,000 full-time undergraduate students at Putian University, with a sample of 379 undergraduates and several experts involved in interviews and discussions. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

Result: After expert discussion, Strengths (S): High student participation, strong social support, and government initiatives. Weaknesses (W): Limited facilities, lack of long-term planning, and low engagement in organized sports. Opportunities (O), Expansion through media, government support, and integrating sports with local culture. Threats (T), Economic constraints, limited resources, and challenges in sustaining engagement. SO Strategies: Innovate sports activities, enrich campus sports culture, and use media to increase impact. ST Strategies: Improve facilities and collaborate with the government to expand programs. WO Strategies: Adjust the curriculum to allow more leisure time, reform sports courses, and guide student participation. WT Strategies: Strengthen competitions, address economic challenges, and expand fitness facility access.

Conclusion: Through a questionnaire survey, expert interview, expert discussion, and focus group interview, this paper puts forward the leisure sports strategy to improve the quality of life of college students at Putian University, and provides a good direction for improving the quality of life of college students at Putian University.

Strategies for Organizing Recreational Tourism Routes to Create Attractiveness for Tourist Attractions in Mi Le City

Yuanyuan Chen — 2025-05-10

Background and Aim: During the '14th Five-Year Plan' period, China's tourism industry entered a new stage of development, and the industry is facing the latest requirements of high-quality development. To adapt to the development of the industry, the Culture and Tourism Bureau of Mi Le City has also put forward a series of policies and measures for the development of the local tourism industry, but it has not yet achieved any obvious development results. The research aims of this paper are (1) to study the current situation of the recreational tourist attractions in Mi Le City; (2) to develop the strategies for organizing recreational tourism routes to create attractiveness for tourist attractions in Mi Le City; (3) to validate the feasibility of the strategies for organizing recreational tourism routes to create attractiveness for tourist attractions in Mi Le City.

Materials and Methods: This study adopts the R&D research method, which collects data through the documentary analysis method, inquiry method, and interview method. The main research tools applied to this study are a questionnaire and an interview form. The author first conducted a questionnaire survey on 400 tourists traveling to Mi Le City to collect relevant quantitative data, and then conducted interviews with the managers and relevant staff of the ten major tourist attractions in Mi Le City, residents around the attractions, relevant staff of the Mi Le City Tourism Bureau, the managers of the Mi Le City Tourism Company, and the local tour guides to collect relevant qualitative data. The author then carried out a descriptive statistical analysis on the quantitative data, a content analysis on the qualitative data, a SWOT analysis to integrate the quantitative and qualitative data, a TOWS matrix to suggest pertinent strategies, and a Connoisseurship session with nine experts to evaluate the strategies.

Results: The results of the study found that: (1) the situation of recreational tourism in Mi Le City has 10 strengths, 9 weaknesses, 6 opportunities and 8 threats, which are mainly manifested in the fact that Mi Le City has rich natural landscapes and complete infrastructures, but there is still room for improvement in terms of ticket prices, souvenirs, service quality and transport; (2) In response to the analysis of the current situation of recreational tourism in Mi Le City, this study proposes 6 SO strategies, 7 ST strategies, 6 WO strategies, and 7 WT strategies, which cover such aspects as digging out tourism resources, promoting the construction of a smart city, strengthening the linkage of attractions, regulating ticket prices, exploring local culture and improving infrastructures;(3) The experts involved in the connoisseurship agreed that these strategies have high feasibility and are in line with the current development needs of recreational tourism in Mi Le City, and except for a few strategies that need to be merged, the final result is 4 SO Strategies, 3 ST Strategies, 3 WO Strategies and 5 WT Strategies, which are recommended to be implemented on a priority basis, including upgrading the quality of publicity and services, developing new tourism routes, optimising traffic management, promoting large-scale events, developing high-quality souvenirs and solving the problem of parking during peak periods.

Conclusion: In general, Mi Le City possesses abundant tourism resources and holds significant potential for the development of recreational tourism. However, these resources have not yet been fully developed and effectively utilized. If the relevant development strategies proposed in this study can be implemented, it is expected to further enhance the attractiveness of the tourist attractions in Mi Le City and promote the sustainable development of the regional tourism industry.

Effects of Applying Multimedia into Learning Plan to Improve Table Tennis Serving and Receiving Skills of University Students

Jia Liu — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: As is known, table tennis is a popular sport that not only enhances physical fitness but also exercises one's cognitive reaction and other aspects. Moreover, table tennis has been a fundamental course in many universities nowadays in China and other countries. However, there is still a lack of systematic and comprehensive learning plans or teaching plans, especially for university students in the Chinese context. That will lead to a negative effect on students’ performance in table tennis skills. This study attained the objective of analyzing the magnitude of multimedia's influence on the learning effect of receiving and serving skills in table tennis among college students by establishing the hypothesis of profitability, which was analyzed and achieved by comparing the performance of 60 university students in the experimental group and the control group in an 8-week pre-test and post-test.

Materials and Methods: Before the experiment, the researcher interviewed several experts to obtain the current status of table tennis teaching and learning, and refined the new learning program incorporating multimedia instruction based on the experts' recommendations. This study was Quasi-experimental research. The population was 240 students who had no training in base table tennis from the sports student club of Shenzhen University of Technology in the academic year 2023. Then, 60 college students were selected accidentally and divided into two groups by the matching method: control and experimental groups. Then, an 8-week experiment was conducted to compare the differences and effects of multimedia teaching with traditional teaching methods. The results were analyzed by an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA to figure out the effect of the application of multimedia in learning, serving, and receiving capabilities of table tennis via the values of t-test statistics.

Results: There is a significant difference in the outcomes between the pre-test and post-test (t=0.159and-10.740, p<.001*) concerning the serving and receiving abilities of table tennis, which demonstrated that the multimedia learning plan has a great effect on students’ performance in serving and receiving skills.

Conclusion: The result of the experiment is that the hypothesis is valid, and the learning program using multimedia (post-test) has a greater positive impact on students' learning outcomes than the traditional learning program. Research outcomes will be capable to applied in other contexts with multimedia learning plans and promote the development of the physical education field.

Industry-Education Integration Policies in China's Vocational Education: A Bibliometric Analysis of Current Status and Development Trends

Xuan Zhu — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: Since the introduction of the industry-education integration concept in China’s vocational education policies in 2013, numerous policies have been issued to enhance collaboration between educational institutions and industries. This study aims to fill gaps in understanding how these policies are implemented by analyzing the tools used and the roles of various entities in shaping policy implementation.

Materials and Methods: A total of 56 policy documents from the Beida Fabao database, issued since 2013, were analyzed using NVivo software for text coding. Policy instruments were categorized into authority-based, incentive-based, capacity-building, and others. The frequency and distribution of these tools were quantitatively assessed, along with the roles of different entities.

Results: The analysis shows a steady increase in policy documents, primarily from educational and industrial departments. Capacity-building and incentive-based tools were most frequently used, while authority-based tools appeared in pivotal policies. These differences reflect diverse strategies employed by the entities involved.

Conclusion: While significant progress has been made in policy formulation, challenges remain, such as coordination issues and unequal resource allocation. The study recommends more integrated strategies to enhance the alignment of education and industry, ensuring that the intended policy objectives are fully realized in practice.

Research on a Two-Dimensional Model of Customer Satisfaction

Peng Xu — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim： Important topics in service management theory research include customer orientation, reducing customer complaints, and pursuing customer satisfaction. The majority of customer satisfaction surveys and analyses overlook the effect of the discrete distribution of each evaluation item on the overall uncertainty of customer satisfaction evaluation, which makes it challenging to provide thorough and accurate information. Currently, customer satisfaction surveys are widely used to quantitatively evaluate service quality. Simultaneously, the quality of service provided by college student apartments will impact social and campus stability, so analyzing satisfaction metrics is crucial. This paper aims to (1) establish a two-dimensional indicator model for customer satisfaction and perceived quality standard deviation, expanding the single dimension into two dimensions, and (2) improve the service of college student apartments to avoid the occurrence of crisis events.

Methodology: The study employs a rigorous quantitative approach, supported by theoretical analysis and validated through iterative testing of the questionnaire. This ensures the conceptual model is robust, and the final survey instrument is both reliable and valid for comprehensive data collection.

Results: This study identifies current issues, presents the concept of standard deviation based on accepted theories of customer satisfaction and service quality, and summarizes research findings in customer satisfaction, service quality, customer complaints, etc. Customer satisfaction (CS) is the first dimension in a two-dimensional model of customer satisfaction, and perceived quality standard deviation (SD) is the second dimension. For a more thorough assessment of customer satisfaction, a "four-interval" chart is suggested. This study developed a two-dimensional model of customer satisfaction for college student apartments using expert interviews and statistical analysis. This study simultaneously screened and processed the actual survey questionnaire data, developed a data processing program, and proposed a mathematical model.

Conclusion: In addition to conducting a correlation analysis between customer satisfaction, quality standard deviation, and the number of student complaints in college student apartments, this study shows how effective a two-dimensional model for customer satisfaction is in these settings.

Construction Pathways for Modern Higher Vocational Industry Colleges: A Study in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Bo Yang — 2025-05-11

Background and Aims: A pathway for the construction of contemporary higher vocational manufacturing colleges in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area institutions which primarily focused on promoting skills development among the workforce through specialty education. However, problems like funding and distribution of the colleges across regions act as limiting factors to these colleges.

Methodology: Primary data is obtained through a detailed questionnaire survey, while secondary data is gathered from related literature. This research countertypes the pivotal factors affecting the successful attainment of these colleges by utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi analysis.

Results: The study identifies stakeholder coordination, the harmonization of documented courses to meet the business world's demand, and technological support as key factors that avail curriculum improvement.

Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, increasing partnerships and developing more appropriate structural approaches can be beneficial for tackling new demands in the labor market by vocational education and training (VET) institutions and enable them to support regional development and increase innovative practices in the Greater Bay Area.

Study on the Key Competencies Framework for Arts Education Professionals

YanJun Dong — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: Cultivating the key competencies of university students has become an unavoidable trend and responsibility for universities, which is not only in line with the overall development trend of the world, but also in line with the practical needs of the development of higher education. From the current situation of the research on the key competencies of art education professionals, there is a lack of a key competencies framework for art education professionals that is based on the concept of outcome-based education and constructed around learning outcomes.

Materials and Methods: This study employs a mixed research methodology. Qualitative data were sourced from relevant literature and processed using textual analysis methods. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire survey, and the data processing involved conducting reliability and validity analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as descriptive statistics, using SPSS, STATA and AMOS software.

Results: The study finds that the framework of key competencies for art education professionals consists of nine key competencies learning outcome across three dimensions: technical intelligences, emotional intelligences & analytical creative intelligences and personal intelligences. In the technical intelligences, six learning outcomes were selected: core academic content and skill of art, studio art, teaching competencies, academic support, communication and cooperation, information literacy. In the emotional intelligences & analytical creative intelligences，two learning outcomes were selected: attitudes and ethical understanding, decision-making skills and thinking ability. In the personal intelligences，one learning outcome was selected, which is desirable personal qualities.

Conclusion: The key competencies framework for art education majors emphasizes a "top-down design" method that can serve as a tool for curriculum planning and evaluation, thereby facilitating the development of courses. Of course, art education majors need to conduct regular status surveys to optimize training objectives based on industry development and changes in employer demands, ensuring that students possess the skills and competencies that best meet market needs upon graduation. In addition to optimizing the training goals for art education professionals, institutions should also make students aware of these goals early on, helping them understand the key competencies required to become an art teacher. If students regularly self-check, self-regulate, and educate themselves against the requirements of key competencies for art teachers, they can narrow and bridge role gaps, making their role behavior gradually align with societal expectations and requirements. Through their efforts, they aim to achieve self-improvement and integrate their roles.

Analysis of the 3X3 Basketball Technique Women Team at the Olympic Games 2022

Hongyu Lin — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: Basketball competitions were now being statistically analyzed to study the elements that contribute to their success, prepare teams, and understand the strengths and weaknesses of opposing teams for effective training. Data analysis in basketball provides important insights into game-play characteristics, team performance, and competition results. Therefore, the research objectives were to study the 3x3 basketball techniques women's team in the Olympic Games 2022 and to compare the 3x3 basketball techniques team between the winning team with the losing team.

Materials and Methods: This study was a research and development study. Subjects were a purposive sampling of 32 players from eight teams that competed in women's 3x3 basketball at the 32nd Tokyo Olympic Games, such as China, Romania, the Russian Olympic Committee, Italy, France, Japan, the United States of America, and Mongolia. Data were collected and analyzed for the mean and standard deviation of statistical score, team offense, team defense, and technique team. Mean comparisons of statistical score, team offense, and team defense between the winning with losing teams were conducted using an independent t-test. Multiple regression was conducted with the winning team on competition statistics. The significance level was set to 0.05.

Results: The results found that: 1) In the comparison of statistics in basketball competitions, classified according to the results between the winning and losing teams, it was found that PTS, %1PT, and %FT showed significant differences, while other %2PT showed no significant differences. 2) A comparison of group statistics on offense and defense teams, broken down by competitive scores between winning and losing teams, found that all variables did not significantly differ. 3) The results of the multiple regression analysis of statistical values occurring during the competition, when considered against the competition outcomes. It was found that the competition statistical values able to predict the competition outcomes of the winning team consist of the statistics PT1_S, PT2_S, and FT_S.

Conclusion: The statistical values from the competition that can predict the outcomes for the winning team include PT1_S, PT2_S, and FT_S. These values can be used to create a prediction equation based on raw scores: Winning Team = 2.27 + 0.92(PT1_S) + 1.67(PT2_S) + 0.69(FT_S).

The Survey of Student's Learning Interest in Multiple Teaching Methods in Art Theory Course in College, China

Meifang Pu — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: Art theory courses in China are essential for art students, but current teaching methods often lead to low engagement and difficulty in understanding abstract concepts. This study investigates the problems in existing teaching methods, analyzes students' learning interest in multiple teaching approaches across gender and majors, and provides suggestions for enhancing Art Theory courses.

Materials and Methods: The study surveyed 200 third-grade students majoring in art at Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics via SPSS to identify preferences for various teaching methods.

Results: Findings indicate that experiential teaching, case-based teaching, and multimedia methods were the most favored across gender and major distinctions. Current teaching methods were considered too traditional and abstract, failing to engage students. The survey revealed key areas for improvement, such as incorporating more interactive and practical learning experiences.

Conclusion: The study concludes that blending multiple teaching methods, particularly those focusing on experiential learning and multimedia, would better stimulate student interest and engagement in Art Theory courses. Recommendations for future research include investigating the long-term impacts of diverse teaching methods on student outcomes.

Policy Guidelines for Improving Sports Tourism Resources in Zhumadian

Yang Yang — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim：The global sports tourism market is experiencing rapid growth, with various regions implementing strategies to enhance the integration and promotion of sports tourism resources, attract more tourists, and stimulate local economies. Considering this market trend, Zhumadian City needs to formulate appropriate strategies and measures to ensure its competitiveness in this field. The purpose of this study is to develop policy guidelines for improving sports tourism resources in Zhumadian. The research objectives include 1) To study the current situation of sports tourism resources in Zhumadian;2) To develop the policy guidelines that can promote the development of sports tourism resources in Zhumadian ;3) To evaluate the feasibility and adaptability of the policy guidelines for improving sports tourism resources in Zhumadian.

Methodology: This study adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, utilizing descriptive statistical analysis, including 1) questionnaire survey method, a stratified sampling method was applied, surveys were conducted with 101 employees from tourist attractions, 217 residents near tourist sites, and 381 tourists; 2) Interview method, 10 sports tourism research experts and 10 tourism bureau staff conducted interviews to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the current status of sports tourism resources in Zhumadian city.

Results: 24 specific policy guidelines for improving sports tourism resources were determined. These policy guidelines are adaptable, feasible, and necessary for improving sports tourism resources in Zhumadian.

Conclusion: This study is of practical significance for promoting the development of sports tourism in Zhumadian, and it is hoped that it can provide theoretical support for the rapid development of sports tourism in Zhumadian, and at the same time provide valuable reference for the development of sports tourism in Henan Province and even the whole country.

Model of Sports Tourism to Improve the Emotional Quotient of HuangHuai University Students

Weiya Sun — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim： In recent years, China has actively promoted the development of sports tourism through several policies. Due to their high acceptance of new things, pursuit of personalization, and good economic conditions, university students have become important participants in sports tourism. In the face of intensified social competition, modern high-quality talents need to combine professional knowledge and skills with a high emotional quotient. As a key factor, emotional quotient is crucial to the future success of university students. Therefore, participating in activities such as sports tourism not only satisfies the pursuit of a healthy and fashionable life of university students but also is an effective way to improve emotional quotient and enhance social competitiveness. This study aims: 1) to study the current status of sports tourism aimed at improving university students' emotional quotient. 2) To develop a sports tourism model for university students to enhance their emotional quotient.3) To evaluate the feasibility sports tourism model for university students and further improve the model.

Methodology: This study utilized Research and development (R&D) research methodology with a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, 400 student questionnaires and 290 teacher questionnaires were distributed to collect data for the quantitative study, and in the qualitative study, data were collected from previous studies, academic articles, including the purposive sampling method was used, and 8 students and leaders were selected to be interviewed as well as 8 teachers to be in a focus group discussion.

Results: Through the questionnaire survey of students and teachers of HuangHuai University, interviews with students and leaders, and the focus group discussion of teachers on the current situation of sports tourism aspects to improve the emotional quotient of the study, to extract the common influencing factors, including 1. Motivation 2. Preference 3. Decision-Making Behavior 4. Consumption Behavior 5. Travel mode 6. Temporal and Spatial Choice 7. Influence Factors. These factors affect the development of the emotional quotient of university students, and good emotional management can enable them to better enjoy the travel experience while improving their overall level of physical and mental health.

Conclusion: This study reveals the situation of sports tourism to improve the emotional quotient of students at HuangHuai University to improve emotional quotient in terms of emotional perception, self-emotional management, others' emotional management, and emotional use. An attempt was made to improve these competencies by proposing a model of sports tourism to ensure that university students are prepared for their future jobs.

Guidelines Policy for Rural Tourism in Zhumadian

Zhang Zhen — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: Since 2011, Zhumadian city, Henan Province, has made significant progress in developing its rural tourism sectors, driven by governmental support and guidance. However, this rapid growth has also uncovered challenges, such as a relatively uniform development model, an underwhelming destination image, outdated marketing strategies, limited tourism information accessibility, and environmental degradation. This study aims to comprehensively understand these issues and propose effective policies to enhance rural tourism development in Zhumadian. City.

Methodology: Adopting a Research and Development approach, this study integrates qualitative and quantitative methods. Initially, a literature review was conducted to establish a theoretical foundation by analyzing rural tourism development models and sustainable development theories. There are 10 rural government cadres in Zhumadian, 20 Tourism bureau-related staff, and 5000 tourists. This was followed by a questionnaire survey to gather data on tourists’ participation, needs, and preferences in Zhumadian’s rural tourism. Furthermore, interviews with 10 government officials, 20 tourism bureau-related staff, and 357 tourists were conducted to explore their insights on designing and implementing rural tourism models. Based on these discussions, a policy guide tailored to Zhumadian’s context was formulated. Finally, an expert seminar evaluated the effectiveness of this model.

Results: The findings reveal several key issues impeding the economic development of rural tourism in Zhumadian. These include a limited range of development models, inadequate destination branding, outdated promotional techniques, low information technology integration, and environmental concerns. Additionally, a SWOT analysis and tourist satisfaction surveys provided deeper insights into the challenges and opportunities facing rural tourism in the region.

Conclusion: This paper offers a practical framework for enhancing rural tourism development in Zhumadian, grounded in the 4M theory and sustainable development principles. The proposed policy guide is expected to provide theoretical support for the city’s continued growth and sustainability within Henan Province. Moreover, it serves as a reference for similar rural tourism initiatives in other parts of China, highlighting the importance of integrated strategies that balance economic progress with environmental and cultural preservation.

A Model of Sports Tourism for Urban Family to Improve Quality of Life in Zhumadian City

Mengjin Yao — 2025-05-11

Background and Aim: Sports tourism positively improves the quality of national life and is a major form of popular leisure. The development of tourism has been strongly supported by national policies, in which the family is the basic constituent unit of society and an important part of the sports tourism market.

Materials and Methods: This study used research and development (R&D) research methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative research used purposive sampling to select 400 residents for questionnaire surveys, while the qualitative research collected information from previous studies and academic articles, using random sampling to select 30 residents for interviews, purposive sampling, and focus group discussions with 8 managers.

Results: According to the relevant theoretical data research, the results of data such as the questionnaire survey of Zhumadian residents on sports tourism, residents' interviews, and managers' focus group discussions are analyzed in terms of averages, and other data results are analyzed to establish a sports tourism model to improve the quality of life of urban families in Zhumadian city. The model was established through an expert workshop.

Conclusion: This study analyzes the data results, identifies the influencing factors, and establishes a model of sports tourism for urban families to improve the quality of life in Zhumadian city, which includes physiological, psychological, social relations, and environmental aspects, as well as to promote the development of sports tourism in Zhumadian city.

Development of Introduction to English Literature Course Based on Blended Learning Combined with Critical Thinking Process to Enhance English Reading Ability of English Major Students in Xi’an University

Xiaoli Bai — 2025-05-12

Background and Aim: This study was a research and development study. The objectives of this research were to 1) study the background information focusing on the course components and existing problems of the Introduction to English Literature Course to enhance students’ English reading ability, 2) develop an Introduction to English Literature course based on blended learning combined with critical thinking process to enhance students’ English reading ability, and 3) determine the effectiveness of implementing Introduction to English Literature Course based on blended learning combined with critical thinking process to enhance students’ English reading ability. This research was conducted in three phases: 1. Study the background information focusing on the course components and existing problems of the Introduction to English Literature Course. 2. Develop an Introduction to English Literature Course based on blended learning combined with a critical thinking process to enhance students’ English reading ability. 3. Implement an Introduction to English Literature Course based on blended learning combined with a critical thinking process.

Materials and Methods: The sample was 30 second-year students, majoring in English at Xi’an University, the People's Republic of China. They were derived by cluster random sampling from one class in 2023. The experimental design was a group post-test-only design with the criterion of 70%. The research instruments were 1) an Introduction to English Literature Course based on blended learning combined with a critical thinking process and its 8 lesson plans, 2) an English reading ability test paper with a reliability of 0.81, and 3) a students’ satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability of 0.86. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and a t-test for one sample.

Results: The results revealed that 1) Phase 1 found that the draft course components consist of six aspects: 1. principle, 2. objectives, 3. content, 4. instructional strategies, 5. media and resources 6. Assessment &evaluation 2) The problems of this course were: 1. The old principle was based on teacher-centered theory. 2. The old objectives focused on the acquisition of basic knowledge, with little attention to developing English reading ability. 3. The content was not inductive for critical thinking. 4. Instructional strategies were based on traditional methods. 5. Media and resources did not integrate new technologies. 6. The evaluation method was summative and not scientific. 2) Phase 2 found that the Introduction to English Literature Course based on blended learning combined with a critical thinking process consisted of the principles, objectives, content, instructional strategies, teaching media and resources, assessment &evaluation, which were verified by 5 experts (M=4.36, SD=0.53). The teaching process has five steps: 1: Learning online with preparation of critical thinking; 2: Learning online with incubation of critical thinking; 3: Learning offline in the classroom with illumination of critical thinking; 4: Online evaluation of critical thinking; 5: Online verification of critical thinking. 3) Phase 3 found that after the implementation of the course, students’ English reading ability (M=31.87, SD=4.37) was higher than the criterion of 70% at a significant level of .01, and satisfaction toward the learning process (M =4.30, SD=0.37) was higher than the criterion of 70% at a significant level of .01.

Conclusion: The innovation gained from this research is the course components, which consist of six aspects: principle, objectives, content, instructional strategies, media and resources, and assessment &evaluation. It can enhance the student’s English reading ability. Moreover, the developed Introduction to English Literature Course based on blended learning combined with a critical thinking process, which includes 5 steps of teaching, can enhance students’ English reading ability effectively.

Policy Guidelines for Improving Sport Tourism in Guang Zhou

Li Rong — 2025-05-12

Background and Aim: Sports tourism is a rapidly growing sector with the potential to significantly boost local economies and enhance international visibility. In the context of Guangzhou, sports tourism offers an opportunity to leverage the city’s infrastructure, cultural heritage, and international events to attract a diverse range of tourists. However, despite these advantages, the city faces challenges such as insufficient global awareness, underdeveloped facilities, and limited participation from different demographic groups. This study aims to provide policy guidelines for improving Guangzhou’s sports tourism by addressing these gaps and enhancing the city’s attractiveness as a premier sports tourism destination.

Materials and Methods: This research utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods. A survey was conducted with 240 residents and 350 tourists from Guangzhou to assess their awareness, participation, and satisfaction with sports tourism activities. In addition, an interview outline was designed based on the 4M theory (Money, Manpower, Materials, Management), and 12 experts were interviewed. The 4M analysis framework was applied to evaluate the current state of sports tourism and identify areas for improvement. Data were analyzed using statistical tools to determine key factors influencing the success of sports tourism in Guangzhou. Finally, the above findings were subjected to a SWOT analysis to arrive at a policy guideline.

Results: The findings indicate that while sports tourism in Guangzhou has high potential, there are several areas requiring improvement. The survey results showed that participation is concentrated in specific age groups, and awareness of available sports tourism resources is relatively low. Respondents expressed moderate satisfaction with existing infrastructure and services, but there is a clear demand for better facilities and more diverse activities. There is a need to develop more targeted marketing strategies, especially on international platforms, and to improve the sustainability of infrastructure development.

Conclusion: The study provides a set of revised policy guidelines focusing on enhancing global awareness, improving infrastructure with a focus on sustainability, and increasing participation across various demographic groups. The recommendations also emphasize the importance of digital marketing and real-time feedback systems to boost visitor satisfaction. These guidelines aim to position Guangzhou as a leading sports tourism destination by addressing current challenges and leveraging its existing strengths.

Development of Cross-Cultural Communication Course Based on Situational Language Teaching Combined with Blended Learning to Enhance English Major Students’ Cross-Cultural Communicative Ability in Xi’an University

Hongyan Guan — 2025-05-12

Background and Aims: Since the founding of New China, especially after entering the 21st century, the growth rate of the number of ordinary colleges and universities and the number of students in the school has accelerated significantly, and higher education has moved from the elite to the common people. The continuous growth of the number of colleges, universities, and high-level specialized personnel training has laid a talent foundation for the socialist modernization drive of all walks of life in China. Cross-cultural communication has become a necessity in people’s everyday lives with globalization, the internet, and the general shrinking of time and space. Cross-cultural communication has become much more important than before. So does the cross-cultural communication course. This study was a research and development study. The objectives of this research were 1) to study the background information focusing on course components and existing problems of Cross-cultural communication course, 2) to develop a cross-cultural communication course based on situational language teaching combined with blended learning to enhance cross-cultural communicative ability, and 3) to study the results of implementing cross-cultural communication course based on situational language teaching combined with blended learning to enhance cross-cultural communicative ability.

Materials and Methods: The sample was 30 junior students, majoring in English at Xi’an University, the People's Republic of China. They were derived by cluster random sampling. The instruments used in this research were 1) a cross-cultural communication course based on situational language teaching combined with blended learning 2) 8 lesson plans 3) a cross-cultural communicative ability test with a reliability of .73, (t = 7.71, p<.01) and 4) a student’s satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability of .79. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and t-test for one sample and t-test for dependent samples.

Results: The research results were found that 1) Phase 1: the draft course components consist of six aspects. Principles 2. objectives 3. contents 4. instructional strategy 5. media and resources 6. Evaluation and the problems of this course were: 1. The current principles are based on teacher-centered theory. 2. The current objectives focused on the acquisition of basic knowledge, with little attention to developing cross-cultural communicative ability. 3. The content was not up to date. 4. Teaching strategies based on traditional methods. 5. The media was a little out of date. 6. The evaluation method did not cover three domains. 2) Phase 2: the cross-cultural communication course based on situational language teaching combined with blended learning consisted of 6 components: 1) formulate principles, 2) determine objectives, 3) select content, 4) construct instructional strategy, 5) select media and resources, 6) design evaluation methods. Formulate the principles based on student-centered theory, determine objectives to solve practical problems, select content, contract instructional strategy, and select teaching material and evaluation, which are verified by 5 experts (2 experts in curriculum and instruction, 2 experts in evaluation methodology, and 1 expert in the English language). (M=4.33, SD=0.55). The teaching process has five steps: 1. student grouping and resource allocation (online), 2. presentation of a situation (offline), 3. supervised learning process (offline), 4. achievement evaluation and performance extraction (offline), 5. test and application of new theory and new experience (online). 3) Phase 3: after implementation of the course, pretest scores (M=19, SD=1.64) of students’ cross-cultural communicative ability were lower than post-test scores (M=23.67, SD=3.34) at a .01 level of statistical significance, and students’ satisfaction toward the course (M=4.33, SD=.39) were higher than the 3.51 criterion at the significance level of .05.

Conclusion: The innovation of this research is the developed course components, especially the teaching method, which is based on situational language teaching combined with blended learning that allows students to analyze extensive cases in cross-cultural communication within carefully designed teaching tasks. In evaluation, due to the high proportion of the total score allocated to the cross-cultural communication ability and the learner-determined topics, situational language teaching combined with a blended learning approach can greatly stimulate English major students’ interest and play a positive role in the actual scene, helping to cultivate students’ cross-cultural communicative ability. The situational language teaching combined with a blended learning approach can also increase their satisfaction with the developed course. This study has both theoretical and practical significance. Firstly, the research proposes the role of situational language teaching combined with a blended learning approach that is based on students’ performance in cross-cultural communication. Secondly, it is confirmed in this study that language use and production are an essential part of cross-cultural communication learning, and that one can learn cross-cultural communication through using the language. Situational language teaching combined with blended learning is suitable for daily teaching because it can enhance the cross-cultural communicative ability of English major students and help increase their satisfaction.

Development of Historical Learning Achievement Using Multimedia Interactive Teaching Method for First Grade Students in Tianhe Middle School of Guangdong Province

Qian Liu — 2025-05-12

Background and Aim: 1) compare the students’ historical learning achievement before and after learning through the multimedia interactive teaching method, 2) compare the students' historical learning achievement after learning through the multimedia interactive teaching method with the determined criterion set at 70 percent, and 3) assess the students' satisfaction after learning through the multimedia interactive teaching method.

Materials and Methods: The sample of this study was a class of 30 first-grade students at Tianhe Middle School of Guangdong Province, which was derived by using the cluster random sampling method. 1) six lesson plans using a multimedia interactive teaching method with a congruence index of 4.61, 2) a historical learning achievement test with a reliability index of .847, and 3) a student satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability index of .855. The statistics used to analyze data were mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent samples, and t-test for one sample.

Results: The results revealed that 1)using the multimedia interactive teaching method, the students' historical learning achievements multimedia interactive teaching method was higher than before at a statistically significant level of .05 (t = 4.551, p = .000), 2) the student's historical learning achievements was higher than the determined criterion of 70% at a significance level of .05 (t = 2.105, p = .022), and 3) the students' satisfaction after learning through using multimedia interactive teaching methods was at a high level (M =4 .44, SD = 0.53).

Conclusion: The knowledge gained from the research is that five-step learning management using multimedia interactive teaching, which consists of 1) Determining teaching objectives, 2) Multimedia Presentation and Explanation, 3) Group Discussion and Sharing, 4) Virtual Reality Experience and Interactive Game, 5) Summary and End of Class. The five-step multimedia interactive teaching method enhances students' learning achievement. Incorporating multimedia, group discussions, virtual reality experiences, and class summaries comprehensively improves their overall skills.

A Study on Innovative Strategies for Spatial Renewal Design in the Context of Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of Nanjing Menxi Area

Tian Li — 2025-05-12

Background and Aim: Rapid urbanization poses challenges for balancing modern development with the preservation of historical and cultural elements. This study focuses on the Nanjing Menxi area to explore strategies for spatial renewal design that integrate contemporary needs with historical continuity, aiming to enhance urban spaces while preserving cultural heritage.

Materials and Methods: A mixed-method approach was used, involving case studies, field observations, and design analysis. Key strategies such as formal language, functional transformation, and contextual continuity were examined in the Menxi area. Interviews with local stakeholders provided insights into community needs and the cultural value of the space.

Results: Findings reveal that innovative formal language redefines urban aesthetics, while functional transformation maximizes resource use through multifunctional spaces. The fusion of historical and modern elements via contextual continuity enhances both the character and functionality of urban spaces. Stakeholder engagement and sustainable technologies contributed to the success of the renewal.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that integrating innovative design, community input, and sustainable practices can achieve a balanced approach to urban renewal, offering a model for other historically rich areas undergoing modernization.

An Analytical Study of School Names in Phetchaburi Province Based on Semantics Features

Makawan Nakjan — 2025-05-12

Background and Aims: This study examined school names in Phetchaburi Province from a semantic perspective, aiming to reveal the cultural, historical, and social values embedded within naming conventions. The purposes of this study were to 1) survey the names of the schools in Phetchaburi Province; 2) determine the structure, origin, and meaning of the school names in Phetchaburi Province; and 3) analyze the reflections on the school names in Phetchaburi Province based on semantic features.

Methodology: The study employed a qualitative method that analyzed the data by its content. There were 275 schools selected by purposive sampling based on the database under the jurisdiction of the Office Board of Basic Education, including government and private sectors (classified by primary and secondary level). The data were collected with in-depth interviews with key informants in the local areas where schools are situated, including the elderly, villagers, teachers, and significant members living near each school in Phetchaburi Province. A content analysis was utilized to categorize results, and the percentage was calculated.

Result: The findings indicated that the school names in Phetchaburi Province were entitled with meaning falling in 7 categories of semantics features: namely (1) places and lands; (2) important person or people; (3) important event; (4) ordinal numbers; (5) knowledge and educational level; (6) auspiciousness such as value, belief, and religion; and 7) sponsorship respectively. In addition, the component of school name structure was also analyzed and it was found that most of the school name structures contain 1 component (61.04%), some contain 2 components (28.91%), a few of them contain 3 components (8.84%), and rare contain 4 components (1.20%) respectively. The findings revealed that the semantic categories not only highlight the significance of school naming associated with each community identity but also reflect their historical and cultural influences and uniqueness rooted in Thai society.

Conclusion: The findings of this study give insights that contribute to a broader understanding of linguistic diversity and regional identity within Thailand, emphasizing the ethnosemantics that shed light on the cultural importance of naming practices. Future research may further explore naming conventions as expressions of cultural heritage in educational contexts across other Thai regions.

The Influencing Factors and Improvement of College Students' Leadership in Guangxi Region

Lu Kang — 2025-05-13

Background and Aim: Leadership development is critical in preparing college students for future careers and personal lives. The primary goal of this study is to explore the influencing factors and improvement methods of leadership ability among college students in the Guangxi region. It aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of college students' leadership development in the Guangxi region, including to assess the current state of college students' leadership abilities in the Guangxi region, to examine the influence of factors such as family environment, campus culture, and social identity on the leadership abilities of college students in the Guangxi region and develop practical and effective strategies to improve college students' leadership abilities in the Guangxi region. The research objectives are as follows: 1) To assess the current state of college students' leadership abilities in the Guangxi region. 2) To examine the influence of factors such as family environment, campus culture, and social identity on the leadership abilities of college students in the Guangxi region. 3) To develop practical and effective strategies considering the region's specific cultural, social, economic, and educational context to improve college students' leadership abilities in the Guangxi region.

By fulfilling these objectives, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of college students’ leadership development in the Guangxi region, inform the design and implementation of targeted interventions, and ultimately support the growth of future leaders in this area.

Materials and Methods: The research Methods are a Mixed-Methods Research Design. This study employed a mixed-methods research design to capitalize on the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing college student leadership in the Guangxi region. The design consisted of two main components: sequential and concurrent strategies. Sequential Strategy: The sequential strategy has conducted the research process in two distinct phases. First, the qualitative research phase involved in-depth interviews and focus groups to gather rich, detailed data on participants’ experiences, perceptions, and insights about college student leadership development. The findings from the qualitative phase were then used to inform the development of a survey instrument for the quantitative research phase. In the second phase, the quantitative research involved distributing the survey instrument to a large sample of college students in the Guangxi region to collect numerical data on the relationships between family environment, campus culture, social identity, and college student leadership development. The results of the quantitative analysis have been used to validate and complement the findings from the qualitative phase. This study explores the current situation and related factors of college students' leadership from various aspects, such as family environment, campus culture, and social identity. It used questionnaires and in-depth interviews as data collection methods, developed corresponding research tools, and randomly selected targeted undergraduate students at higher education institutions in the Guangxi region of China. Participants in the questionnaire survey included 450 undergraduate students from various disciplines and backgrounds in the Guangxi region.

Results: The study's findings reveal several key insights. Firstly, there is a significant correlation between family environment and the leadership ability of college students in the Guangxi region. Secondly, campus culture has a substantial influence on the leadership ability of these students. Lastly, social identity plays a crucial role in the leadership development of college students in the Guangxi region. Importantly, the interaction of family environment, campus culture, and social identity significantly affects the development of the leadership ability of college students in the Guangxi region. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding and improving college students' leadership abilities in the Guangxi region. The current state of college students’ leadership abilities in the Guangxi region. In the current leadership ability of college student interns in the Guangxi region, some interns excel in leadership ability, some interns have advantages in business quality but weak team management ability, and some interns generally have deficiencies in teamwork consciousness and problem-solving ability. The first group of college students excelled in leadership skills. They possess a strong sense of time, good work discipline, and interpersonal skills. They are confident, consistent in word and deed, and have outstanding work performance. They are proactive and possess excellent problem-solving, business skills, and creativity. The second group of college students has excellent business qualities but weak team management skills. They love their jobs, are highly motivated at work, have high expectations for performance goals, and possess excellent business skills, and as a result, are often the benchmark for company performance. However, the team management skills show some tendency to be weak when they are in certain leadership roles. The third category has the largest number of college interns and represents the majority of college interns. Although each had different levels of leadership ability, there was a general concern for a weak sense of teamwork as well as a lack of improved problem-solving skills. As a whole, university students in the Guangxi region generally have different levels of strengths and weaknesses in their leadership abilities. They need to add their competencies in the areas of teamwork, problem-solving ability, and continuous learning improvement.

Conclusions: By investigating the family environment, campus culture, and social identity of college students in the Guangxi region, as well as aspects related to leadership ability, this study concludes the a significant influence of these factors on the development of college students' leadership ability. These conclusions are of practical significance for understanding the formation of college student's leadership ability and designing related education and training programs and provide a reference for other related studies.

The Sustainable Development Strategy for the Renewal and Reuse of Industrial Heritage: A Case Study of the A2 Factory Building in Nanjing 1865 Creative Industry Park

Leiyin Chen — 2025-05-15

Background and Aim: Industrial heritage, as a carrier of history, holds significant research value in cultural, aesthetic, and economic contexts. However, in the context of urban renewal, a large number of industrial heritage sites are facing decline due to their functions no longer meeting contemporary needs. This study investigates the renovation plan of the A2 Factory at Nanjing 1865 Creative Industry Park, exploring design strategies for the preservation and renewal of industrial architectural heritage.

Materials and Methods: Research methods: A multi-faceted approach was employed, including literature review, stakeholder interviews, and case studies, to gain insight into the relevant knowledge of industrial heritage renovation. Information regarding needs was collected through on-site investigations, stakeholder interviews, and questionnaires. Ultimately, the final renovation plan was determined through group discussions with architects and scholars.

Results: Renovation Methods: The primary renovation methods for the internal space include horizontal segmentation, vertical layering, spatial merging, emphasizing features, and heterogeneous interspersing.

Design Concepts and Effects: At the architectural level, it is essential to preserve and utilize industrial heritage as a representative of material culture in industrial civilization, while also promoting and carrying forward its spiritual attributes. By introducing new life connotations that represent emerging industries and modern civilization, a contrast between the old and the new can be achieved. This facilitates the integration of historical buildings with modern spaces, sites, environments, and urban contexts, thus realizing sustainable development in terms of context, architecture, and ecology.

Conclusion: In the process of protecting and reusing industrial heritage, it is crucial not only to preserve its original historical architectural features but also to adapt to the development of the times, integrating compatible functional requirements. This research provides valuable references and insights for the sustainable development of architecture and the preservation and reuse of industrial heritage in other regions.

Strategy of Recreational Sport Tourism for Increasing Family Income in GanZi, China

Duo Dai — 2025-05-16

Background and Aim: The rapid development of global tourism, particularly in recreational and sports tourism, has been bolstered by economic growth and improved living standards. This study aims to develop a comprehensive strategy for enhancing family income in Ganzi by promoting recreational sports tourism.

Materials and Methods: A Research and Development (R&D) methodology was employed, including a survey of 132 residents and 278 tourists. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews and analyzed through descriptive statistics, SWOT analysis, and expert evaluation.

Results: 1) 86.36% of residents reported an increase in income, and 51.52% observed a rising trend in household income; 2) Ganzi’s unique integration of sports and tourism attracted 64.39% of tourists to the area; 3) The SWOT analysis results indicate that Ganzi, with its rich natural resources and cultural strengths, has unique potential for tourism development.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the strategic development of recreational sports tourism in Ganzi can significantly contribute to economic growth and improve the quality of life for residents. To sustain this growth, the study recommends diversifying tourism products, improving infrastructure, and fostering regional cooperation.

Factors Influencing the Career Satisfaction of DanceSport Teachers in Chengdu, China

Yingying Shi — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: This study aims to optimize organizational management, explore strategies to promote the development of the DanceSport industry, and put forward practical suggestions by exploring professional teacher career satisfaction and its influencing factors affecting DanceSport training institutions in Chengdu.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 questionnaires were randomly distributed through the Questionnaire Star platform to professional teachers of DanceSport aged 20 to 48 in the top 8 training organizations in Chengdu, and 100 valid questionnaires were collected. Quantitative research methods were used to analyze in depth the seven variables of student participation, supervisory support, sense of belonging, collegiality, value consistency, professional identity, and career development. The action research was divided into three phases: before, during, and after the IDI program, by reinforcing the influencing factors and determining the appropriate IOC program. Through the intervention method, a sample of 30 male and female participants was selected for pilot testing. In the study, mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics were used.

Results: Supervisory support, value congruence, professional identity, and professional growth had a significant effect on teachers' career satisfaction, while student engagement, sense of belonging, and collegiality had no significant effect on teachers' career satisfaction. This suggests that by providing the necessary support, ensuring value congruence, strengthening teachers' professional identity, and promoting their professional growth, teachers' overall job satisfaction can be effectively enhanced, which in turn may improve teaching quality and student learning outcomes. There was a significant difference in the career satisfaction of physical education and dance teachers before and after the IDI phase, where their satisfaction increased. This suggests that teachers' career satisfaction can be effectively enhanced through appropriate intervention and support.

Conclusion: Strengthening supervisory support, improving value consonance, promoting vocational identity, and providing more opportunities for career development are effective strategies for increasing DanceSport teacher career satisfaction. These findings offer educational administrators concrete suggestions for improving teacher career satisfaction, which can help to enhance the quality of education and improve teachers' professional career satisfaction, thus promoting sustainable development of education.

Recreational Sports Participation Model to Enhance the Physical Fitness of Students at Fuzhou Institute of Technology

Xiaoping Lin — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: In recent years, the physical fitness of Chinese college students has been declining. There are many reasons for this situation, such as students' lack of physical exercise. How to let students make rational use of recreational time, actively participate in sports activities, develop long-term exercise habits, develop students' recreational sports participation, improve sports skills, cultivate sports interest, and gain sports experience are issues that schools should pay attention to. This study aims to develop a recreational sports participation model to improve the physical fitness of students. The main research aims are (1) to study the current situation of college students’ physical fitness and recreational sports participation at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. (2) To develop a recreational sports participation model to enhance the physical fitness of students at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. (3) To evaluate the effectiveness of the recreational sports participation model in enhancing the physical fitness of students at Fuzhou Institute of Technology.

Materials and Methods: This study adoption of Research and Development(R&D) research methodology. Has the following 4 steps. Step 1 Research (R1) is to study the theories of recreational sports and the current situation of sports participation. The population is 1889 juniors in 26 majors at Fuzhou Institute of Technology, 1,133 males and 756 females. (2) Teachers of 26 majors at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. The sample are questionnaire of 344 students, interviews with 30 students, and 8 teachers. Step 2 Development (D1) is to develop the recreational sport participation model. The tools are (1) the Recreational Sports Participation Model and (2) the Physical Fitness Test Form. Step 3 Research (R2) is to implement the program of the recreational sport participation model. Stratified random sampling was used to select 104 students from 1889 juniors to participate in the 8-week experimental study. The control and experimental groups had 52 students each. There were 26 male students and 26 female students. Step 4 Development (D2) is to evaluate the recreational sport participation model. Analyze the test scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the experiment. Data analysis:(1) Experimental pre-test and post-test data were subjected to a paired samples t-test. (2) An independent samples t-test was done for the comparison of pre-test performance scores and post-test performance scores of the two groups.

Results: Research (R1): The lack of organization and management in the school's sports policy. Students have enough recreational time to spend every day. However, due to the lack of awareness of physical exercise, and lack of exercise goals and plans, most of the time is spent on non-sports recreational activities. The types of projects for physical exercise are single, mainly for ball sports and running, such as basketball, badminton, and table tennis. The number of exercises and the duration of exercise are not fixed. Participating in sports helps relax the body and mind and maintain good health. Development (D1): The recreational sport participation model developed in this study uses the FITT principle. It was developed by combining the relevant dimensions of recreational sports and sports participation. That is, frequency (F), intensity (I), time (T), and type (T): behavior, motivation, limitation, and satisfaction. Research (R2): Students' post-test scores were better than pre-test scores. Students' physical fitness is enhanced, and significant changes occur. Development (D2): The results of the paired samples t-test, the post-test scores of the experimental group were higher than the pre-test scores, and there was a significant difference. The analysis of the independent samples t-test results, there is no significant difference between the pre-test scores of the experimental and control groups. The posttest scores of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. There is a significant difference. And there was no significant difference in the comparison of the two groups' scores for body composition. Recreational sports participation models are effective.

Conclusion: College students have plenty of recreational time, but the lack of rational use of recreational time to participate in physical activity limits the discovery of physical fitness. This study analyzes the relevant theories of recreational sports and sports participation, combining students' interests, exercise habits, sports experience, satisfaction, and other factors, and is based on the relevant theories of the FITT principle. A recreational sports participation model aimed at developing college students' bodies was developed. The experimental study showed that the physical fitness post-test scores of the students in the experimental group showed a better improvement compared with the pre-test scores, and significant changes occurred. The recreational sport participation model developed in this study to develop college students' physical fitness is effective. Recreational sports participation models are effective.

Evaluative Language in U.S. Presidential Media Coverage: An Appraisal Analysis and Its Pedagogical Implications for ELT

Natthaphan Nanavaratorn — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: This study explores how two major U.S. newspapers, The Washington Post and The New York Times, utilized evaluative language to assess U.S. presidential candidates Joe Biden and Donald Trump during the 2024 election campaign. Addressing a gap in media bias research within political discourse through the use of appraisal analysis, the study focuses on the judgment of social esteem and social sanction, which investigate how the candidates were portrayed, contributing to discussions on media portrayals that shape public perception.

Materials and Methods: Appraisal theory was applied to analyze 35 selected articles from both online newspapers in a span of six months from January to June 2024, specifically examining evaluative language related to social esteem and social sanction. This qualitative study aimed to identify patterns in how each candidate was represented, particularly regarding their leadership, policies, and personal attributes.

Results: The findings indicate that both newspapers generally portrayed Biden positively in terms of social esteem, emphasizing his leadership experience, especially in foreign policy. However, as the campaign progressed, negative judgments related to social sanction surfaced, particularly critiquing Biden's age and his handling of domestic issues like immigration. Trump, on the other hand, was portrayed negatively in both newspapers, with an emphasis on social sanction due to his rhetoric and behavior on immigration. Despite this, The Washington Post occasionally acknowledged Trump’s resilience, offering him positive evaluations in terms of social esteem.

Conclusion: The study contributes to the field of discourse analysis and provides practical implications for English Language Teaching (ELT), highlighting the importance of media critical literacy. Integrating appraisal theory in ELT classrooms can enhance students' analytical skills and awareness of media framing, encouraging a deeper understanding of evaluative language in political discourse.

Research on the Innovative Development of Huaiyang Mud Dog Souvenirs Based on Narrative Design Theory

Linlin Xin — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: At present, the creative transformation and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage have emerged as cutting-edge issues in design research. As a typical representative of China's intangible cultural heritage, the Huaiyang Mud Dog faces dual challenges of cultural regeneration and market promotion. This study aims to construct an innovative design framework for Huaiyang Mud Dog souvenirs that meets market demands and aligns with modern sustainable development requirements, thereby promoting the dual enhancement of its cultural and market value.

Materials and Methods: Through literature research, field investigations, and consumer preference surveys, this paper distills the core design elements of the Huaiyang Mud Dog and constructs an innovative design model for its souvenirs based on narrative design theory. Utilizing this model, a range of Huaiyang Mud Dog souvenirs were developed, particularly focusing on character IP and its derivatives. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted, and optimization strategies were proposed based on the evaluation results.

Results: The findings indicate that the innovative design approach grounded in narrative design theory effectively balances cultural heritage with modern design, significantly enhancing the user experience and cultural identity associated with the product.

Conclusion: The study contributes to the design of Huaiyang Mud Dog souvenirs by providing a scientific narrative design framework, deepening the application of narrative design theory in the field of intangible cultural heritage, offering a viable path for the transformation and practice of Huaiyang Mud Dog in modern design, and serving as an academic reference and innovative paradigm for the design of other intangible cultural heritage souvenirs.

The Development Strategy of Sports Tourism in Xiamen City

Jingshuo Huang — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: The goal of this study is to explore and analyze the development strategy of sports tourism in Xiamen City, put forward specific measures to optimize the development, and enhance the competitiveness of the city in the field of sports tourism. The research aims of this paper are (1) to study the current situation of sports tourism in Xiamen City; (2) to develop a strategy for sports tourism in Xiamen City; (3) to evaluate the feasibility of the strategy of sports tourism in Xiamen City.

Materials and Methods: This study used the Research and Development research method. Quantitative research includes the use of questionnaires. Qualitative research includes the use of focus group interviews. R1: Determine the theme; consult the relevant literature; focus group discussion to understand the relevant background, characteristic tourism projects, and infrastructure construction of sports tourism (or tourism) in Xiamen; develop Xiamen Sports Tourism Participants Questionnaire and test the reliability and validity of the designed questionnaire, and understanding of the current situation of sports tourism in Xiamen City; SWOT analysis was carried out on the development status of sports tourism in Xiamen. The total population of Xiamen sports tourism participants is about 4.7 million people one year. Through simple random sampling, participate in the survey of Xiamen city sports tourism participants. Finally, a total of 432 people participated in the questionnaire survey, and 9 people participated in the FGD. D1: Through TOWS matrix analysis, the preliminary development strategy of sports tourism in Xiamen is put forward. R2: Connoisseurship to evaluate the feasibility of the strategy proposed in D1. D2: According to the opinions of R2 experts, the strategy is modified, and finally, the development strategy of sports tourism in Xiamen City, Fujian Province, is obtained.

Results: The results show that: (1) Xiamen sports tourism has a good performance in participation motivation, consumption behavior, and overall satisfaction, but it still needs to be strengthened in policy publicity, infrastructure construction, and characteristic project development. These problems provide a basis for the subsequent formulation of a more effective sports tourism development strategy. (2) This study proposes 28 strategies through analysis, of which SO, ST, WO, and WT each have 7 strategies. Includes policy-related theory, sports tourism specialty projects, infrastructure-related theory, participation motivation theory, consumer behavior theory, and satisfaction-related theory; explores the seven dimensions of tourism demand-related theory. (3) Through the Connoisseurship meeting of experts, the final result of this study is 16 strategies, including four strategies in SO, ST, WO, and WT. These strategies mainly include strengthening brand effect, optimizing facilities and services, promoting policy advocacy, ensuring safety and quality, reasonable pricing, and developing more projects.

Conclusion: The optimization strategy proposed in this study has high feasibility in improving the competitiveness of sports tourism in Xiamen. By integrating event brands, optimizing infrastructure, formulating reasonable price strategies, and strengthening policy publicity, Xiamen can further consolidate its position in China's sports tourism market. In addition, improving tourist satisfaction and promoting sustainable development are the key directions for future development.

Strategies for the Development of Agriculture Tourism in Xi'an

Yang Jing — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: Agriculture tourism in Xi'an has the potential to significantly enhance local economic development, cultural preservation, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the current status and development strategies of agriculture tourism in Xi'an. The primary goal is to provide insights into optimizing the sector to achieve sustainable growth and balance economic, social, and environmental responsibilities.

Materials and Methods: The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD), and expert interviews, to gather comprehensive data. SWOT analysis is used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the agriculture tourism sector in Xi'an. This approach ensures that multiple perspectives are considered to develop a holistic understanding of the current challenges and opportunities.

Results: The findings indicate that improving infrastructure, enhancing marketing strategies, and diversifying tourism products are essential to increasing the sector's competitiveness and sustainability. The research highlights the need for community involvement, cultural resource development, and comprehensive training programs to elevate the quality of tourist experiences. By offering unique, authentic, and high-quality cultural and ecological tourism experiences, Xi'an can attract and retain visitors, boosting its reputation as a premier destination.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure development, strategic marketing, and community engagement in promoting sustainable agriculture tourism. The insights gained can guide future initiatives to maximize economic benefits while preserving cultural and environmental values.

The Analysis of the Luxuryization of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Cultural Capital

Huiying Liang — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: In today’s globalized world, preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) is critical for maintaining cultural diversity and heritage. This study examines the luxuryization of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) through the lens of cultural capital theory, with a focus on how luxury brands, such as Chanel and Lalique, integrate traditional crafts into their business models. This research specifically seeks to evaluate whether luxury brands effectively support and sustain ICH while assessing potential risks, including cultural commodification. The aim is to assess whether economic capital derived from luxury goods can effectively sustain and protect cultural heritage, benefiting both ICH and brand prestige.

Materials and Methods: A qualitative case study approach, combined with content analysis, was used to explore the roles of economic, cultural, and social capital in preserving ICH. The selection of Chanel and Lalique as cases was based on their unique integration of ICH into their luxury products, providing distinct perspectives on cultural preservation. Bourdieu's cultural capital theory was applied to analyze how these luxury brands transform ICH into economic and social value while retaining cultural authenticity.

Results: Chanel and Lalique offer contrasting approaches to ICH preservation. Chanel’s substantial investment in traditional crafts is presented as a successful model, demonstrating how luxury brands can sustain ICH practices financially. Conversely, Lalique’s focus on high-end consumable products highlights limitations in maintaining cultural integrity within commercial contexts. Findings suggest that the luxury sector can provide significant support for ICH, but commercialization risks diluting cultural integrity.

Conclusion: In conclusion, luxuryization presents both opportunities and challenges for ICH preservation. Although luxury brands contribute financially to cultural preservation, potential risks include cultural commodification and dependency on market trends. Balancing cultural integrity with economic capital, this study suggests, is essential for sustainable ICH protection, with implications for policy strategies and brand practices in cultural preservation.

A Study of Strategies for Improving Student Satisfaction in the Context of Blended Learning--Taking China's Sichuan Province as a Case Study

Wei Hao — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: Under the background of the continuous development of digital education, Blended Learning has become one of the important teaching methods in universities, and the study of its development and reform direction has become a key research topic in university education.

Materials and Methods: This study selected 15 undergraduate students of class 2022-2023 in Sichuan province of China to conduct semi-structured interviews, and used the literature research method, interview method, and content analysis method to analyze the data, collate, summarize, and distill themes.

Results: The study identified three primary strategies to improve student satisfaction in blended learning: (1) enhancing platform stability, usability, and content relevance to provide a seamless learning experience; (2) aligning course content, instructional methods, and learning outcomes with students' expectations and career goals; and (3) focusing on instructional design by improving teachers' ability to employ technology effectively and applying diversified evaluation methods. These strategies collectively contribute to an enhanced perception of quality, which was found to have the most significant impact on student satisfaction.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of a high-quality online learning platform, alignment with student expectations, and the perceived quality of instructional design in influencing blended learning satisfaction. Universities should prioritize building technically supportive platforms, offering continuous faculty development, and utilizing multi-dimensional evaluation models to address students' diverse needs effectively. By implementing these strategies, institutions can strengthen blended learning effectiveness, improve student satisfaction, and better meet educational goals in a digital learning environment.

Design Practice of Zibo Glass Art Works Based on Chinese Traditional Art and Contemporary Design

Hanlin Shi — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: Zibo City, Shandong Province, China, is one of the birthplaces of Chinese glass art. Zibo has a long glass history and a unique glass art production process. However, with the rapid development of contemporary glass art, the innovative ability of Zibo glass art has weakened, and the public's attention to it has gradually decreased. Therefore, this study aims to study the concept of Chinese traditional art and contemporary craft, design, and innovative Zibo contemporary glass artworks; to study the innovative design works of Zibo contemporary glass art and evaluate their role in the development of Zibo glass art.

Materials and Methods: The study adopts a mixed research method, combining qualitative research with quantitative research. First of all, through historical documents and field investigation, the image characteristics and profound cultural connotation of Zibo traditional glass art are studied. Subsequently, this study further explores the application of traditional glass technology in contemporary art creation, combining expert interviews and questionnaire surveys, using thematic analysis and descriptive analysis to deeply analyze the interaction between traditional technology and modern art, especially in exploring the integration of design innovation, technological experimentation, and visual aesthetics.

Results: Researchers actively practice in artistic forms, cultural connotations, and technological innovation, combining traditional culture with contemporary social backgrounds to showcase rich achievements in the collision of artistry and craftsmanship. Give Zibo glass art a new direction of innovation.

Conclusion: The two groups of works not only continue the cultural connotation of Zibo's traditional glass art but also make innovative breakthroughs in form, color, and technology, demonstrating the vitality and rebirth of traditional art in the contemporary social context. This provides strong theoretical support and practical reference for the innovative development of Zibo glass art in the future and helps to promote the integration and innovation of traditional art and contemporary design in the context of globalization.

The Development and Evolution of Chinese Iron Painting Craftsmanship

Yuanliang Ding — 2025-05-18

Background and Aim: Chinese iron painting originated during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, representing the fusion of traditional iron-smelting techniques and Chinese painting, with a long-standing history and craftsmanship value. This paper systematically explores the development and evolution of Chinese iron painting techniques, analyzing the characteristics of craftsmanship, innovations in techniques, and changes in artistic expression across different historical periods.

Materials and Methods: By reviewing the literature, conducting field investigations, and interviewing experts, this paper traces the transformation of Chinese iron painting techniques from traditional handicrafts to modern innovative forms, revealing its evolution from a singular method to multiple crafting techniques within changing socio-cultural contexts.

Results: The results indicate that with the advancement of technology, Chinese iron painting has transitioned from rough manual labor to refined craftsmanship, and from collaborative production to individual craftsmanship, with significant emphasis on the update of tools and equipment.

Conclusion: The future development of Chinese iron painting heritage requires the introduction of new tools and equipment, combining machine and manual techniques to improve production efficiency, promoting high-quality development.

Development Strategy of Leisure Sports to Improve Physical Fitness for Employees of the Small and Medium Enterprises in Fuzhou City

Xuanmin Zhu — 2025-05-19

Background and Aim: In China, with the importance attached to public health, economic development, and social integration, more importance is accorded to the field of leisure sports. National policy initiatives include "Healthy China 2030" in creating conditions for easy access to physical fitness activities and implementation of projects on improving employee health in various industries, with particular emphasis on SMEs. The research aims of this paper are （1）to study the current situation of physical fitness of employees in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Fuzhou City. (2) to develop a strategy of leisure sports to improve physical fitness for employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Fuzhou city. (3)to evaluate the feasibility of the leisure sport strategy aiming at improving the physical fitness of employees in SMEs in Fuzhou city, to find the shortcomings in the strategy and to further improve the strategy.

Materials and Methods: This study adopts the R&D research method. A mixed-method approach was adopted, involving 400 SME employees and 10 leaders in Fuzhou City. Data collection was done through document analysis, surveys, and interviews, while there was a two-month experimental program for 54 participants. From the quantitative and qualitative data analysis, strategic interventions were developed by using the SWOT and TOWS frameworks.

Results: The results of this study found that: (1) The current state of employee leisure sports in Fuzhou City’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) reveals 8 strengths, 6 weaknesses, 10 opportunities, and 5 threats. These findings highlight that while SMEs offer supportive policies and access to sports facilities, areas such as equipment funding, professional guidance, and dedicated sports venues still need improvement; (2) In response to the analysis of employee leisure sports participation in Fuzhou SMEs, this study proposes 4 SO strategies, 4 ST strategies, 4 WO strategies, and 4 WT strategies. These strategies focus on enhancing health management, securing sponsorships, expanding employee access to sports facilities, improving feedback systems, and providing necessary equipment and guidance; (3) After experimenting, the data from the t-test found that these strategies are very feasible and meet current needs, but some strategies need to be further integrated. The final recommendations include 3 priority SO strategies, 3 ST strategies, 2 WO strategies, and 3 WT strategies, which aim to increase employee engagement, reduce self-financing expenses, optimize resource allocation, and strengthen safety measures.

Conclusion: In general, Fuzhou City's small and medium-sized enterprises possess strong potential for promoting employee leisure sports, with supportive policies and accessible sports resources. However, these resources have not yet been fully optimized or utilized to their full potential. If the development strategies proposed in this study are implemented, they are expected to enhance employee engagement in leisure sports, improve overall physical fitness, and contribute to the sustainable development of workplace health and wellness programs in Fuzhou’s SMEs.

The Development of Buddhist Botanical Patterns in China and Thailand

Xinxuan Xie — 2025-05-19

Background and Aim: Buddhist botanical patterns are an important cultural phenomenon formed during the spread of Buddhism from India, aimed at conveying and promoting Buddhist cultural thoughts. Buddhism is the major religion in both China and Thailand, yet there has been limited research on the development and study of Buddhist botanical patterns in these countries, which hinders cultural exchange and dissemination. Therefore, the purpose of this research is: (1) to Investigate the evolution of Buddhist botanical motifs in China and Thailand; (2) to analyze the distinct characteristics of Buddhist botanical motifs across Chinese and Thai contexts; (3) to examine the critical role of intercultural exchange in the development and diversification of cultural expressions.

Materials and Methods: This research will employ the following methodologies: (1) literature review, to compile and examine the historical evolution of Buddhist plant motifs in China and Thailand, and (2) comparative analysis, conducting horizontal comparisons of key cases to analyze the distinctive decorative characteristics of Buddhist plant motifs. Additionally, vertical analysis of various decorative themes will be performed to map the design trajectory and trace the historical origins of these motifs.

Results: This research reveals that, while both China and Thailand have integrated botanical elements into Buddhist art, each country possesses distinct cultural, historical, and religious contexts that shape differences in symbolic meanings and artistic expressions. The evolution of botanical motifs is also closely intertwined with contemporary socioeconomic conditions, trade relations, and endorsements by ruling authorities.

Conclusion: Plant motifs serve not only as a medium for artistic expression but also as an essential avenue for understanding Buddhist culture in both countries. The fusion of culture and religion has fostered the development of intercultural exchange. This study provides insights into modern design practices, showcasing the potential applications of traditional plant motifs in contemporary art.

Research and Analysis on the Demand Trends of Innovative Products of Guangxi Ethnic Minority Brocades in China

Jianyun Yan — 2025-05-19

Background and Aim: Guangxi's ethnic minority brocade culture has a long history, but it is difficult to inherit. This study aims to understand the demand trend of consumers for innovative woven products, to promote the development and cultural inheritance of the woven industry.

Materials and Methods: The study used literature research and questionnaire survey methods to collect data on consumers' viewing value, cultural characteristics, innovation, practicality, cost-effectiveness, and price acceptance of woven brocade products, ensuring the universality and representativeness of the results. The data from the questionnaire survey were quantitatively analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software.

Results: The research results show that consumers prefer products with aesthetic value, regional cultural characteristics, and creativity, while also focusing on practicality and cost-effectiveness. With high price sensitivity, most accept a price range of 0-200 yuan. Tend to purchase cultural and creative products related to clothing, home decor, and daily necessities, with casual wear and embroidery, weaving, printing, and dyeing techniques being popular.

Conclusion: The research provides clear guidance for the Ethnic minority brocade industry in Guangxi. The industry should focus on the cultural value and innovative design of products while considering consumers' practical needs and price sensitivity. By developing product types that meet market demand and adopting popular craftsmanship techniques, the development and inheritance of the weaving industry can be effectively promoted.

The Ontological Study of TV Series “A Lifelong Journey”: The Intersection of Narrative, Performance, and Culture

Xiaomu Cai — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: A Lifelong Journey is a landmark Chinese television drama that reflects the socio-political and cultural transformations of modern China over the past five decades. This study aims to explore the series’ narrative and performative strategies, its role in cultural dissemination, and its impact on audience engagement through an ontological lens.

Materials and Methods: The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative methods such as literature review, textual analysis, and interviews with quantitative audience surveys. This framework provides a comprehensive analysis of the series’ thematic depth, character development, and audience reception.

Results: The findings reveal that A Lifelong Journey successfully integrates historical authenticity with relatable storytelling, achieving record-breaking viewership and critical acclaim. The series’ nuanced performances and high production values contributed significantly to its success, while its cultural resonance enabled it to engage both domestic and international audiences.

Conclusion: A Lifelong Journey is a cultural artifact that bridges personal struggles with collective memory, reflecting China’s modernization process. It highlights the potential of television dramas as a medium for cultural exchange and underscores the importance of narrative and performative innovation in fostering audience connection.

An Analysis of the Potential Advantages of Characteristics in Contemporary Chinese Printmaking for Abstract Creation: The Role of Flatness, Process, Texture, and Chance

Bowen Chang — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Contemporary Chinese printmaking, with its emphasis on flatness, texture, process, and chance, offers unique avenues for abstract expression. This study aims to explore how these characteristics contribute to the depth and dynamism of abstract printmaking, filling a gap in existing research that largely focuses on representational perspectives.

Materials and Methods: This research employs case analysis and literature review as its primary methods. Case studies of prominent Chinese abstract printmakers, such as Tan Ping, Zhong Xi, and Tang Chenghua, are analyzed to illustrate the innovative use of flatness, texture, and process in their works. A comprehensive literature review contextualizes these findings within broader artistic trends.

Results: The study reveals that the interplay of flatness, texture, process, and chance significantly enhances the emotional and visual impact of abstract printmaking. These characteristics not only expand the expressive range of the medium but also provide fresh insights into the role of printmaking in contemporary abstract art.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that printmaking’s unique qualities can inspire new creative practices in both abstract art and art education. The study also highlights the potential for further research into cross-media applications and audience perceptions of abstract printmaking, offering directions for future scholarly and artistic inquiry.

The Influence of Positive Perception of Workplace Exclusion on Employee Turnover Behavior

Yilan Zhang — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Workplace exclusion, often viewed negatively, can also foster proactive coping strategies and personal growth when perceived positively. This study examines how positive perceptions of workplace exclusion influence turnover intention and behavior using the multi-motivation response model.

Materials and Methods: Data from 570 employees across six high-tech enterprises were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the mediating roles of avoidance/withdrawal response and turnover intention.

Results: Positive perception of workplace exclusion showed a significant negative relationship with avoidance/withdrawal response, turnover intention, and turnover behavior. Avoidance/withdrawal response positively influenced turnover intention and behavior, while positive perception directly reduced turnover behavior by enhancing resilience and growth.

Conclusion: Promoting positive interpretations of workplace exclusion can reduce turnover and enhance organizational harmony. Managers should foster inclusivity, reduce avoidance behaviors, and encourage a positive organizational culture to retain talent effectively.

Effect of Experiential Learning to Promote Vocational College Students' Self-Career Planning

Qiankun Liu — 2025-05-21

Background and Aims: With the rapid development of the social economy and the increasingly fierce employment competition, it is becoming increasingly difficult for college students to find a suitable job, requiring appropriate career planning to help them find a suitable job. Therefore, career planning has become an important part of helping them find a suitable job. It cannot only help students find the right role positioning, avoid blindly following the trend, but also promote personal development and maximize personal value. Through career planning, college students can clarify career goals and directions, improve their career competitiveness, and thus stand out in the fierce job market. This study compares the self-career planning before and after learning, the comparison of self-career planning after learning with the 70% standard, and the comparison of career planning after learning with the 70% standard.

Methodology: The sample of this study was 30 first-year vocational students (1 class) in the academic year of 2024, School of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence at Zhengzhou University of Science and Technology by using cluster random sampling. This study used a group pretest and post-test design. The research instruments were 1) eight lesson plans, which means scores of the appropriateness were at 4.62 (S.D. = 0.52), 2) a self-career planning ability evaluation form with a reliability of 0.733, and 3) students’ satisfaction toward experiential learning questionnaire with a reliability of 0.728. The data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test for the dependent sample, and t-test for one sample.

Result: The research findings revealed that: 1) Posttest scores of students’ self-career planning ability (70.13, S.D. =3.42) were greater than pretest scores (M=51.63, S.D.= 4.70) at the 0.01 level of statistical significance (t₂₉ =43.75, p=0.001). 2) Students’ self-career planning ability after learning through experiential learning was statistically higher than the criterion of 70 percent at the 0.01 level of statistical significance (t29=28.22, p=0.001). 3) The overall mean scores of students’ satisfaction after learning through experiential learning were 4.03 out of a possible full mark of 5, and the standard deviation was 0.35, which was statistically higher than the criterion of 3.5 (70 percent) at the 0.01 level of statistical significance (t29=8.17, p=0.001).

Conclusion: The body knowledge gained from this research was the utilization of experiential learning on a career planning course, which was mainly five steps in the experiential learning: Step 1 Warm-up and introduction, Step 2 Experience and practice, Step 3 Reflective observation, Step 4 Abstract generalization, Step 5 Application. Explain a little that 5 teaching steps can improve self-care planning.

Enhancing English Camp Activity Design Skills through an Active Learning Model

Apiradee Jeenkram — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Active learning is crucial for improving English because it encourages engagement, critical thinking, and practical application—all of which boost language acquisition efficacy. Role-playing, problem-solving, and dialogue are examples of interactive strategies that boost confidence and retention, which enhances communication skills. This study addresses the growing need for innovative approaches in English language teaching by developing and evaluating an active learning model to enhance English camp activity design skills among English major students.

Materials and Methods: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a sample of 19 third-year English major students from Lampang Rajabhat University. Data were collected using pre- and post-tests, a student satisfaction survey, and an evaluation form for the active learning model.

Results: The results revealed significant improvements in students' English camp activity design skills across four key areas: analytical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (p < 0.05). The overall student satisfaction with the active learning model was high. The findings suggest that the active learning model is an effective approach for developing practical skills in English language teaching, particularly in designing engaging and effective English camp activities.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates the efficacy of active learning in teaching English by showing that it dramatically improves students' abilities in communication, teamwork, creativity, and analytical thinking. Its function in developing practical skills, especially in creating interesting English camp activities, is further supported by high student satisfaction.

Beauty in Women's Marketing: Using Simone de Beauvoir’s Ideas for Sustainable Campaigns

Pongsiri Kamkankaew — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Beauty marketing has traditionally promoted narrow beauty standards, which can negatively affect women’s self-esteem. These campaigns often reinforce unrealistic ideals, making it difficult for many women to feel represented. This study explores how Simone de Beauvoir’s feminist philosophy can help marketers create sustainable beauty campaigns. The goal is to show how marketing can move beyond traditional beauty ideals to promote diversity and empowerment.

Materials and Methods: The study uses a theoretical analysis of Simone de Beauvoir’s ideas and applies them to marketing strategies. It reviews past research on beauty stereotypes, marketing ethics, and sustainable advertising. Additionally, it examines real-world beauty campaigns to understand how brands can adopt more inclusive practices.

Results: Findings suggest that applying feminist philosophy to beauty marketing can help brands create ethical and sustainable campaigns. Campaigns that embrace diversity, authenticity, and empowerment are more effective in building consumer trust and brand loyalty. Brands that challenge narrow beauty ideals contribute to positive social change by encouraging self-expression and fair representation.

Conclusion: Using Simone de Beauvoir’s ideas in marketing can help brands promote fairness, self-expression, and sustainability. Ethical beauty campaigns should celebrate all forms of beauty and encourage women to define beauty on their own terms. Future research should explore how inclusive beauty marketing influences consumer behavior across different cultural contexts.

Strategies for Developing a Strong Network of Grassroots Community Economy of Government Organizations in Nan Province

Pakapon Anansethakul — 2025-05-21

Background and objectives: Poverty, inequality, and unequal access to resources, such as agricultural land and financial capital, are key contributors to structural economic problems that have far-reaching impacts from the national level down to local communities. As a result, the development of grassroots economies has become a critical priority for the government in enhancing community capacities to foster sustainable, community-based economic development. This study aims to examine the current level of development and the factors influencing strategic approaches to strengthening grassroots economic networks led by public sector organizations in Nan Province. Additionally, it seeks to propose viable strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of such networks within the province.

Methodology: this study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative component involved a sample of 400 participants, using a structured questionnaire as the primary research instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics—mean and standard deviation—as well as stepwise multiple regression analysis. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews with 35 key informants to gain deeper insights into the subject matter.

Findings: the findings of the study revealed that: (1) the overall level of development of grassroots economic networks led by public sector organizations in Nan Province was at a moderate level (x̄ = 3.27); (2) factors influencing the strategies for developing such networks (y) were found to be statistically significant at the 0.01 level; and (3) practical guidelines for strengthening grassroots economic networks indicated that the public sector should support the consolidation of community networks to enhance their development potential, improve competitiveness, and promote long-term, sustainable community strength.

Conclusion: The public sector should place emphasis on developing grassroots community economies through the strengthening of community networks. This approach fosters sustainability from the ground up, leading to more resilient, self-reliant communities. Such development would generate income and create opportunities within local areas, thereby reducing economic inequality and ultimately contributing to the nation’s stable progression toward becoming a fully developed country.

Managerial Guideline to Promote the Weekend Leisure Sports Participation for Junior High School Students in Shaoguan City

Zijie Chen — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Encouraging weekend leisure sports participation improves physical fitness, lowers stress, and promotes a healthy lifestyle. Through common recreational pursuits, it also promotes social interaction and community involvement. This study aim to develop managerial guideline to promote the weekend leisure sports participation for junior high school students in Shaoguan City.

Materials and Methods: This study used stratified sampling to survey research subjects in Zhenjiang District, including 5 junior high schools with a total of 368 junior high school students (age from 13 to 15 years) were surveyed by questionnaires to understand the current situation of weekend leisure sports development, and expert interviews were provided to formulate a plan to promote the weekend leisure sports participation for junior high school students in Shaoguan City. Second, ten focus group experts were invited to develop a management guide to promote weekend leisure sports for junior high school students based on the POLC theory. Third, seven experts evaluated and validated the guidelines for weekend leisure sports for junior high school students.

Results: This study identifies 20 indicators across four levels: planning (sports guidance, goal motivation, planning tools, short exercise programs, exercise partner matching), organizing (program enrichment, facility openness, family activities, sports social circle, safety training camps), leading (student clubs, multi-party cooperation, competitions, student-led programs, cross-school exchange), and controlling (record-keeping, feedback, rewards and penalties, health monitoring, dynamic adjustment).

Conclusion: This study develop a management guideline to promote weekend leisure sports for junior high school students in Shaoguan City based on POLC theory. The management guide is divided into four aspects: five indicators at planning level; five indicators at organization level; five indicators at leadership level and five indicators at control level.

Experiences of Chinese Teachers Teaching English at High Schools in Their Project-based Learning Practice: A Grounded Theory Approach

Jianjiao Wei — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Traditional teacher-centered methods in Chinese education limit student engagement, prompting a shift toward student-centered approaches like project-based learning (PBL); this study explores high school English teachers’ perceptions, challenges, and benefits of PBL implementation.

Materials and Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 12 English teachers in Nanning were analyzed using grounded theory coding (open, axial, selective) to identify themes on PBL experiences.

Results: Teachers acknowledged PBL’s effectiveness in enhancing language skills and critical thinking but faced challenges like time management, assessment complexity, and resistance from traditional educational norms.

Conclusion: While PBL offers significant pedagogical benefits, successful implementation in China requires institutional support, teacher training, and cultural adaptation to overcome systemic and attitudinal barriers.

The Factors Influencing Chinese Consumers' Durian Purchase Decisions: The Mediating Role of Country-of-Origin Image

Yanan Li — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: The objective of this article is to present the knowledge gained from the literature review of Country-of-Origin Image, aiming to explain its meaning, components, and the relationships among variables related to Country-of-Origin Image. Through the literature review, it was found that the popular variables studied about Country-of-Origin Image include Product Attitude, Country Attitude, Product Attributes, and Purchasing Decision Process.

Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used to survey consumers in major cities across five regions of China. Stratified sampling was employed to cover the country’s five major economic zones (e.g., East China and South China). In each region, two first-tier or new first-tier cities (e.g., Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Beijing) were selected to ensure that the sample represented different levels of economic development. A total of 440 questionnaires were distributed using convenience sampling, and 418 valid responses were collected, resulting in a response rate of 95%. In-depth interviews were conducted with six key participants, including two consumer representatives, two import fruit retailers, and two import fruit wholesalers. Stepwise regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Results: Findings - Consumers' attitudes toward durian, attitudes toward the country, and durian attributes all have significant positive effects on Country-of-Origin Image and the purchase decision process, and all have significant indirect effects on the purchase decision process through Country-of-Origin Image. Country-of-Origin Image also has a significant positive impact on the purchase decision process.

Conclusion: The limitations of this study are that the sample has regional and other limitations. It can be applied to research of Chinese consumers, but it is difficult to promote globally. The significance of this study is to reveal the mechanism by which product attitudes, country attitudes, and product attributes affect the purchase decision process through Country-of-Origin Image, enrich the theory, and provide a new perspective and basis for the study of the cross-border marketing of durian origin countries. The practical significance of this study is that durian practitioners can use this to enhance the image of products and countries of origin to promote sales, help the country create a product business card to promote durian trade.

The Psychological Mechanisms of Human-Space Interaction: AI-Enabled Spatial Experiments

Chen Chen — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: The psychological mechanisms of human-space interaction are critical for understanding how environmental elements influence human emotions, cognition, and behavior. Previous examinations have investigated the impact of physical space on psychological well-being, but there has been little consideration of the dynamic, real-time adaptation of virtual environments based on individual emotional reactions. The aim is to investigate the effects of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled spatial experiments on emotional regulation and stress reduction.

Materials and Methods: During this experiment, 500 volunteers were exposed to various virtual locations, including an urban setting, a forest, and a tranquil beach. Participants' emotional reactions were evaluated using biometric sensors and virtual reality (VR). The AI system utilized machine learning (ML) methods, such as the Red Panda Optimization Finetuned Intelligent Random Forest (RPO-IntelliRF), to monitor physiological reactions, including heart rate and skin conductivity, and dynamically adapt the virtual environment accordingly. If stress indicators were detected, the environment was adjusted to a more relaxing setting.

Results: The impact of these real-time modifications was assessed by analyzing changes in emotional state and physiological markers before and after interaction. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in stress levels when the RPO-IntelliRF method intervened. Furthermore, the model achieved 89% accuracy, 80% precision, 81% recall, and an 87% F1 score in detecting and responding to stress-related indicators. Compared to static environments, participants reported greater relaxation and improved emotional well-being.

Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of AI-enabled spatial experiments for real-time environmental modifications, offering valuable insights into the psychological dynamics of human-space interaction and its implications for mental health enhancement.

Factors Impacting Higher Education Students’ Academic Performance in English Course: A Case Study in a University in Kunming, China

Min Zheng — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Higher education students' academic performance in English is crucial as it enhances their communication skills, which are vital for global competitiveness. Strong English proficiency also supports success in other academic areas and future career opportunities. This study investigates the impact of Extrinsic Motivation (EM), Intrinsic Motivation (IM), Self-efficacy (Se), Study Engagement (SE), and Teaching Style (TS) on the Academic Performance (AP) of university students in an English course in Kunming, China. It also examines the effect of a 14-week cooperative learning intervention on these variables.

Materials and Methods: The questionnaire's validity was assessed using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC), and reliability was determined using Cronbach's Alpha in a pilot test (n=30). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze data from 140 students to identify relationships between the variables. A paired-sample t-test was then used to compare pre- and post-intervention data from 30 students.

Results: Multiple linear regression revealed that Intrinsic Motivation (IM), Self-efficacy (Se), and Teaching Style (TS) significantly impacted Academic Performance (AP). While Extrinsic Motivation (EM) and Study Engagement (SE) did not show significant direct effects. The paired-sample t-test indicated significant improvements in Academic Performance following the cooperative learning intervention.

Conclusions: The study suggests that Intrinsic Motivation, Self-efficacy, and Teaching Style are key factors influencing English Academic Performance. Cooperative learning interventions can lead to significant improvements in student performance. These findings offer practical implications for enhancing teaching strategies in similar contexts.

Analysis of the Influencing Factors in the Changes of Southern Song Garden Styles in Wuxing District

Qihong Mao — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Gardens of the Southern Song Dynasty represent an important facet of classical Chinese garden art, embodying the deeper evolution of social structures and cultural values. As a cultural hub in the Jiangnan region, Wuxing District’s garden style uniquely integrates literati aesthetics and religious symbolism, offering distinct research value. However, existing studies have largely focused on cities like Hangzhou and Suzhou, leaving Wuxi gardens systematically underexplored. Framed within Cultural Landscape Theory, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms influencing the stylistic changes of Southern Song gardens in Wuxing, responding to the central research question: How have political, economic, cultural, and religious mechanisms jointly driven the evolution of garden styles throughout history?

Materials and Methods: Taking Lotus Manor and the Temple of Longevity as representative case studies, this research integrates literature analysis, in-depth interviews (with nine residents and three experts), and field investigations. It systematically analyzes the phased evolution of garden styles across four dimensions: spatial layout, landscape elements, functional uses, and cultural imagery. The study also explores how the dynamic interaction among political, economic, cultural, and religious mechanisms shaped garden transformations over time.

Results: The study identifies a three-phase evolution of Southern Song garden styles in Wuxing: “open integration – privatization and simplification – functional reconstruction.” In the Southern Song period, gardens utilized natural topography and integrated poetic imagery with Confucian and Buddhist values. From the Yuan to the Republican periods, political instability and economic shifts led to more enclosed spatial forms and a rise in religious and residential functions. In the modern era, policy-driven cultural revival has led to the regeneration of gardens through the integration of traditional and modern elements. Politically, garden spaces became hierarchized; economically, material construction was shaped; culturally, literati ideals were preserved; and religiously, symbolic meanings were embedded. The interaction of these forces formed a dynamic chain of “structural promotion – symbolic generation – functional transformation.”

Conclusion: This study proposes a “Four-Mechanism Coupling Model,” grouping political and economic mechanisms under the “material–institutional” dimension and cultural and religious mechanisms under the “symbolic–spiritual” dimension, thus validating the applicability of the “material–spiritual–social” triadic structure of Cultural Landscape Theory. The model provides a theoretical framework for the renewal and contemporary expression of traditional garden styles and suggests activating the cultural vitality of historic gardens through community engagement and digital technology.

Latin Dance Curriculum Design Based on Fitts' Three-stage Theory Combined with the Teaching Concept of the 21st Century Teaching Method

Hao Wang — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: As aesthetic education gains prominence in China’s educational reform, Latin dance—originally a European art form—has been increasingly adopted as a discipline that integrates sport and performance. However, current curriculum models often emphasize technical skill while neglecting emotional expression, critical thinking, and teamwork, which are crucial for 21st-century learners. This study aims to design a structured Latin dance curriculum for senior high school art students by combining Fitts’ Three-Stage Theory of Skill Acquisition with 21st-century educational competencies and Taylor’s curriculum development model. The goal is to enhance both students’ professional dance proficiency and their holistic development.

Materials and Methods: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach involving literature review, theoretical framework analysis, expert consultation, curriculum design, and classroom implementation. A 16-week stage-based curriculum was developed and applied to a sample of senior high school art students (ages 16–17) with prior dance experience. Instruction followed a progressive model—cognitive, associative, and autonomous—guided by weekly course plans, performance assessments, and reflection activities. The IOC (Index of Item-Objective Congruence) tool was used for expert evaluation, while data were collected through observations, pre- and post-assessments, and student feedback.

Results: The results indicated that the curriculum significantly improved students' technical abilities in rhythm control, coordination, and performance fluency. Simultaneously, students showed noticeable gains in non-technical areas such as communication, teamwork, self-confidence, and artistic expression. The IOC assessment values ranged from 0.6 to 1.0, validating the curriculum’s internal consistency and alignment with educational goals. The staged teaching model and its integration of 21st-century competencies provided an effective platform for both skill acquisition and holistic learner development.

Conclusion: This study confirms that a Latin dance curriculum built on cognitive psychology, structured curriculum theory, and modern pedagogical principles can effectively support high school students’ artistic and personal growth. The course model offers a replicable framework for other performance-based courses. Future research is recommended to apply the model to broader educational settings and to strengthen teacher training in interdisciplinary dance education. Ultimately, this work contributes theoretical and practical insight to the ongoing innovation in arts education in China and beyond.

The Performance Languages of Gaoqiang in Changde Han Opera: Contemporary Inheritance and Transformation

Zhang Ni — 2025-05-21

Background and Aim: Changde Han Opera, a significant regional opera genre in Changde, Hunan Province, is an important part of Chinese traditional theater. As its core vocal style, Gaoqiang is distinguished by its powerful and impassioned singing, distinctive accompaniment, and rich vocal techniques, all of which contribute to its unique artistic expression. However, in contemporary society, traditional Chinese opera as a whole faces challenges such as a shrinking audience base, transformations in transmission methods, and shifts in cultural consumption patterns. These factors have also impacted the survival and development of Gaoqiang in Changde Han Opera. This study aims to:1. Trace the historical origins of Gaoqiang in Changde Han Opera and clarify its artistic characteristics and cultural significance.2. Analyze the core features of its performance language, including vocal techniques, accompaniment styles, and singing forms.3. Explore effective strategies for the inheritance and innovation of Gaoqiang to support its modernization and sustainable development.

Materials and Methods: This study used a combination of literature research and field research methods. Through textual analysis, field research, and interviews, the evolution of Gaoqiang, the high-pitched style of Changde Han Opera, was systematically analysed, the artistic characteristics of its performance language were explored, and contemporary approaches to inheritance and innovation were discussed.

Results: This study deepens the understanding of the intrinsic value of Changde Han Opera Gaoqiang and explores a feasible path for the modern transformation of traditional art. The research shows that the inheritance and innovation of the performing language is the key to activating the vitality of traditional opera. Based on maintaining the authenticity of the art, modern aesthetic and technical means need to be integrated to expand the audience base. In the future, a three-in-one inheritance system of ‘archival protection + digital dissemination + creative development’ can be further constructed to promote the transformation of Changde Han Opera Gaoqiang from a local opera resource into a cultural asset shared across the country and even the world.

Conclusion: The study found that Changde Han Opera Gaoqiang not only carries a profound cultural heritage and artistic wisdom but also demonstrates a unique identity as a vehicle for regional culture in the inheritance and development of the arts in the new era. The study of its performance language helps to strengthen cultural identity while promoting the vitality of traditional art through innovation.