International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews

The Future of Digital Marketing: What Lies Ahead?

Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Digital marketing has rapidly evolved into a critical component of contemporary business strategies, driven by technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors. This review article aims to explore the future trajectory of digital marketing, focusing on emerging trends, challenges, and the integration of innovative technologies that are likely to shape the field in the coming years.

Materials and Methods: This review synthesizes recent research and industry reports to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of digital marketing. It examines key developments such as the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), the impact of immersive technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), and the increasing importance of data privacy regulations. The methodology involves a critical review of literature and case studies to identify patterns, opportunities, and potential obstacles in the future of digital marketing.

Results: The findings highlight several transformative trends, including the growing reliance on AI and ML for personalized marketing strategies, the rise of AR and VR in creating immersive consumer experiences, and the increasing emphasis on ethical marketing practices in response to stringent data privacy laws. Additionally, the review identifies challenges such as maintaining brand authenticity in a saturated digital environment and adapting to rapid technological changes.

Conclusion: The future of digital marketing will be shaped by the continued integration of advanced technologies, the evolving regulatory landscape, and the need for brands to remain agile and authentic in their interactions with consumers. To thrive in this dynamic environment, marketers must embrace innovation while prioritizing transparency and consumer trust.

Effectiveness Study of Applying Earmaster for Ear Training in Chinese University Students

An Lingjie — Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: Although the use of technology integration in music education in China has gradually increased, there is still a lack of empirical evidence on the use of educational technology, particularly digital tools, in auditory training. Traditional auditory training methods, such as manual practice guided by a piano or teachers, had some educational value; however, in large-scale classroom settings, they were frequently hampered by individual differences, time constraints, and insufficient teaching resources, making it difficult to meet students' individualized learning needs, particularly in key areas such as pitch recognition, rhythm perception, and timbre discrimination. As a result, understanding how to use modern educational technology to improve the effectiveness of auditory training and close this gap was critical for practical purposes. Against this backdrop, this study innovatively integrated Earmaster, a digital tool specifically designed for music education, into auditory training courses at Chinese universities, to investigate its effectiveness in improving students' auditory skills. By providing personalized practice plans and instant feedback, Earmaster effectively addressed issues in traditional teaching methods caused by resource constraints or individual differences. This study used constructivist learning theory to discuss how to use Earmaster to help students improve their pitch recognition, rhythm perception, and timbre discrimination skills. This not only improved empirical research on technology in music education but also provided theoretical foundations and practical references for future educational technology applications.

Materials and Methods: This study adopts a quasi-experimental approach. The researchers selected a total of 67 first-year music students from a university in Fujian. After classifying the students according to the school's class capacity, they were divided into Music Class 1 (34 students) and Music Class 2 (33 students). Class 1 served as the control group, while Class 2 was the experimental group. The entire experiment lasted 10 weeks, with two classes per week, each lasting 90 minutes. In the first week, students were introduced to the experiment, the teaching methods, and the content. All 67 students took a pre-test to assess their actual musical abilities. Starting from the second week, the two groups underwent 8 weeks of training with the same teaching content. Music Class 1 followed traditional teaching methods, while Music Class 2 received instruction using the Earmaster software. Classroom exercises and homework were also conducted using Earmaster. In the tenth week, a post-test was conducted. The researchers compiled and analyzed the process data and post-test results, comparing the changes between the pre-test and post-test.

Results: This study integrated the digital tool Earmaster into auditory training courses at Chinese universities and demonstrated its efficacy in improving students' auditory skills. The findings revealed that after a structured intervention with Earmaster, students' performance in pitch recognition, rhythm perception, and timbre discrimination improved significantly. Earmaster addressed the issues caused by resource limitations and individual differences in large-scale classroom settings more effectively than traditional auditory training methods, using personalized exercises and instant feedback. This study not only addressed an empirical gap in the use of educational technology in auditory training, but it also provided theoretical foundations and practical references for the future use of digital tools in music education.

Conclusion: This study found that the digital tool Earmaster significantly improved students' auditory skills compared to traditional methods. It provided both empirical evidence and practical insights into the future use of digital tools in music education.

A Study on the Construction of Competency Model for Student Cadres in Chinese Private Universities

Cen Ding — Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The rapid development of private higher education in China has led to the establishment of 3,072 higher education institutions nationwide as of June 15, 2023, with 785 private institutions, accounting for 27.84% of all regular higher education institutions. Private universities in China generally face a shortage of counselors, making them heavily reliant on the management assistance of student cadres. However, students in private universities differ significantly from those in public universities in terms of learning ability and family background, making it especially important to enhance the competencies of student cadres. A review of existing research reveals a significant gap in studies focused on the competencies of student cadres in private universities. This study aims to construct a competency model for student cadres in private universities, providing theoretical and practical guidance for their selection, training, and development.

Materials and Methods: The study employs methods such as literature analysis, behavioral event interviews, Delphi expert consultation, and questionnaire surveys. Through literature and comparative analysis, the research examines competency theory and the research findings on student cadre competencies. Thirty student cadres were interviewed using the behavioral event interview method, and consultations were conducted with 12 experts in private education student affairs to identify and categorize competency elements and dimensions. The constructed model was then validated through a survey of 302 questionnaires.

Results: Four main dimensions were identified: political integrity, working attitude, working ability, and personality trait, with a total of 17 specific elements. A layered and dynamic "compass-shaped" competency model was constructed, illustrating the composition of student cadre competencies.

Conclusion: From a theoretical perspective, this model not only provides new insights into the theory of student cadre competencies but also integrates the study of student cadre competencies with ideological and political education in higher education institutions, fostering theoretical innovation and development in both areas. From a practical standpoint, the model offers a scientific basis for the selection, training, and evaluation of student cadres, contributing to the enhancement of their overall quality and working ability.

The Current Condition Desired Conditions and Requirements to Develop Management Strategies to Fulfill the Quality of Graduate Study Programs in Guangzhou Sport University

Yong Liu, Thongchat Phucharoen, Wisute Tongdecharoen — Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: In the process of cultivating high-level application-oriented sports professionals in the fields of physical education, sports training, sports competition organization and management, and mass sports and fitness guidance, problems such as low quality, little difference, and lack of outstanding characteristics have seriously restricted the rapid development of China's sports industry. This research aims to study the current conditions, desired conditions, and requirements needed to develop management strategies to fulfill the quality of graduate study programs at Guangzhou Sports University.

Materials and Methods: The population of this research was 230 people, including faculty administrators, instructors, and curriculum coordinators at Guangzhou Sports University. Through proportional stratified sampling, 160 people were selected as a sample group. The research comprises two phases: Phase 1 involves assessing the appropriateness of components and indicators, as well as evaluating the current situation and desired conditions of the management strategies to fulfill the quality of the graduate study programs at the university. This phase utilizes a proportional scale with 5 levels. Phase 2 focuses on assessing the components of management strategies using the same 5-level proportional scale. Statistical analysis involves measures such as mean, standard deviation, variance, and the need index for adjustments.

Results: The research results found that 1) the components and indicators of the management strategies to fulfill the quality of the graduate study program at Guangzhou Sport University are highly suitable. Overall, all three aspects are deemed highly appropriate, with an average score of 4.71. When examining the individual components, it is found that controlling and evaluating strategies rank highest with an average score of 4.75, followed by strategy determination at 4.69, and strategy implementation at 4.68. 2) The assessment of the current situation and desired conditions of the management strategies to fulfill the quality of the graduate study programs at the university indicates that the current situation is generally rated highly, with an average score of 3.82. Conversely, the desired conditions are rated the highest, with an average score of 4.66. When broken down by aspect, it is observed that the current situation and desired conditions for each aspect are highly rated, with average scores ranging from 3.80 to 4.63.

Conclusion: The key components of management strategies to fulfill the quality of the graduate study program at Guangzhou Sport University consisted of (1) strategy determination, (2) strategy implementation, and (3) controlling and evaluating strategies.

Developing Physical Education Program Based on Contractual Learning to Enhance Physical Fitness and Mental Health in Medical University Students

Runyi Jiao , Pattarapon Mahakhan — Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: The research on contract teaching mode is a reflection on the distribution of learning responsibilities between teachers and students in physical education classroom teaching. Give full play to the students' subjective position in learning, stimulate students' subjective initiative, and encourage students to participate in teaching. The objective of this study is to develop a physical education program based on contractual learning to enhance the physical health and mental health of students at the University of Chinese Medicine (GZUCM).

Methodology: Among 1500 college males and females aged between 18-19 years old students in the second year of the public physical education course at Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, a sample size of 30 subjects was determined by GPOWER calculations to carry out a teaching experiment. Using the Delphi questionnaire to formulate the content of the physical education curriculum, signing a contract with students to execute the training plan, starting an 8-week experimental implementation, testing students' physical health before the experiment and after every 2 weeks of training, and testing their mental health before and after the experiment, collating and analyzing the results by software package use the one-way repeated-measures ANOVA for analyze the results, and deriving the effects of the physical education curriculum on the change factors of physical health and mental health of college students.

Conclusion: the curriculum developed by the contractual learning method can improve the physical health as well as the mental health of college students. The contractual learning approach to physical education is practical and effective and can be promoted and used.

Effect of Added Functional Training into Basketball Program for Primary School Students

Yundi Duan — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: After the investigation found that the current stage of elementary school basketball teaching only teaches basketball skills, while ignoring the training of fitness, related research verifies that functional training can better practice fitness, while fitness has a key role in basketball skills, so it is especially important to join functional training. Related studies have also proved that after functional training, basketball skills and fitness greatly improved. Therefore, this paper proves that functional training is more effective by adding functional training to the basketball program for primary school students.

Materials and Methods: This paper is a quasi-experimental study with a sample of 30 people divided into an experimental and control group of 15 people each. The experiment has eight weeks, three times a week training, training times are Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, each training time 60 minutes. Before the formal experiment, the functional training program IOC test and Try Out, record the basic information of the physical characteristics of the experimental group, the control group, and the data of the experimental group, the control group of the basketball test and fitness test, and calculate the mean and standard deviation of the data through statistical software. Comparison between the experimental group and control group before the experiment was done by t-test, and comparison between the experimental group and control group after the experiment was done by t-test for basketball skill test and fitness test, and one-way ANOVA repeated test and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for basketball skill test and fitness test within the experimental group, and the significance level was 0.05.

Results: (1) The t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the test results of the experimental group and the control group in the pre-test, but there was no significant difference in the post-test, and the test results of the experimental group were better than those of the control group in the post-test. (2) ANOVA shows a significant difference between the test results of the experimental group in the pretest-posttest, and the improvement in the experimental group's performance is better than that of the control group.

Conclusion: After the experiment, the basketball skills and fitness of the experimental and control groups improved, but the experimental group improved better than the control group.

Beliefs and Attitudes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners Towards Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach

Alvin Gueco Datugan — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has emerged as one of the outstanding approaches in language education, emphasizing interaction and practical communication. To perform well, one must be actively involved, regularly given feedback, and well-informed. In some cases, language learning has to be experienced authentically to be able to familiarize and fully perform it. This study explores the beliefs and attitudes of first-year EFL students of Nakhon Phanom University, Thailand towards the CLT approach, providing insights into its effectiveness and acceptance among new learners. Understanding these perceptions is critical for enhancing language instruction and fostering a more engaging learning environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of EFL learners and to find out if there is a significant relationship between the learners' beliefs and the attitude of the EFL learners towards the CLT approach.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive correlative research design. The data collection took place at Nakhon University, Thailand. The respondents of this study were first-year education students from the English Department. A survey questionnaire through Google Forms was used to gather the data. For data analysis, mean, frequency distribution, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) were employed.

Results: Findings indicated that EFL learners recognized the application of the CLT approach in the class which is similar to their attitude towards the CLT approach that garnered a moderate response of “agree”. The moderate results imply that there is still room for improvement. The study found a positive correlation that proved the significant relationship between the beliefs and attitudes of the EFL learners towards the CLT approach at a 0.5 significance level. The result of the study aligned with the study of Mehta, N.K. (2015) stating that integrating the CLT approach in language teaching encourages language learners to learn better. In addition, the CLT approach plays an integral part in the language learning process. Furthermore, beliefs and attitudes are the main indicators in language learning; however, due to limited variables, future researchers can go further on other factors relating to the CLT approach.

Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that to make CLT even more effective, EFL teachers should integrate the activities in the classroom with real-life communication, making learning more engaging and enjoyable for students.

Exploring the Artistic Representation of the Chinese National Spirit in Zhang Zhao's Piano Work "Ballade - Singing the Little Cowboy"

ZiHeng Huang, Nataporn Rattanachaiwong — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: This study explores the life and works of Zhang Zhao, analyzes the compositional techniques of his modern national piano piece "Ballade - Singing the Young Cowherd," and investigates the manifestation of the Chinese national spirit in Zhang Zhao's modern national piano works. This can enrich people's understanding of the Chinese national spirit and provide new ideas for inheriting the Chinese national spirit and strengthening the consciousness of the Chinese national community.

Materials and Methods: The literature research method involves consulting, analyzing, and integrating documents based on specific research objectives and topics to understand the current state of the research field and identify better research paths. The work analysis method involves collecting examples of works and analyzing aspects such as their form structure, harmonic texture, rhythm expression, and thematic variations, ultimately extracting the compositional techniques and elements of national style characteristics. This study will provide a detailed analysis and summarization of the characteristic entries of national music elements based on a broad review of relevant literature and examples of works from both domestic and international sources, offering references for further research.

Results: Through the analysis of the work "Ballad - Singing the Little Cowherd," it is found that Zhang Zhao cleverly integrates elements of traditional Chinese music with Western musical structures, not only showcasing his profound musical skills but also inheriting and promoting the cultural essence of the Chinese nation. It reveals the innovative, patriotic, inclusive, harmonious, and resilient spirit embedded in the work.

Conclusion: The modern national piano work "Ballade - Singing of the Little Cowherd Wang" by Zhang Zhao, with its unique artistic style and profound historical and cultural connotations, demonstrates the indomitable and hard-working spirit of the Chinese nation. This is not only an innovative interpretation of music but also an inheritance and promotion of the Chinese national spirit.

Developing a Management Model to Promote Promote the “Wushu into Campus Policy” for Middle Schools in Guangdong Province, the People’s Republic of China

Zhaowei Li , Prakit Hongseanyatham, Pattarapon Mahakhan — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: The "Wushu into campus" policy is an important way to inherit and develop the excellent traditional Chinese culture, but its basic conditions and implementation path need to be further studied. There are some practical problems in all schools in Wushu education, such as conservative concepts, non-standardized teaching content, simple teaching methods, insufficient teaching conditions such as on-site teachers, cooperation from parents or organizations outside the school, and lack of assessment and evaluation methods. The purpose of this study was to develop the management model to promote the “wushu into campus policy” for middle schools in Guangdong province.

Methodology: This study was a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative research. Survey problems related to Wushu in campus policy in middle schools during the current situation the researcher will use a total of 399 questionnaires for school directors and Wushu teachers in 5 middle schools from each city in Guangdong province. And the questionnaire validity will be tested for IOC by 5 experts (IOC = 0.88-0.95). A total of 9 experts were used to interview experts to find ways to develop a management model. The two-round Delphi method will involve a total of 19 experts. Connoisseurship method using 7 experts to confirm the management model.

Conclusion: The problem and current situation on the “wushu into campus policy” for middle schools in Guangdong province. It was found that the average level of problems in planning, organizing, and controlling components was high (X̅ ≥ 3.53). However, the average level of the problem on the leading component was medium (X̅ = 3.50). By creating a management model to promote the “wushu into campus policy” for middle schools in Guangdong province using the POLC theory, the elements in each area can be summarized as follows: The planning component consists of 17 components, the organizing component has 10 components, the leading component has 15 components and the controlling component has 13 components.

Development Guidelines to Promote Youth in Schools of Henan Province, the People’s Republic of China

Pengbo Zhang, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Youth boxing is a high-intensity, full-body confrontational sport that promotes blood circulation and metabolism and focuses on the coordination of body parts. Youth boxing will result in more stable joint development, improved muscle function, and improved muscle contraction, responsiveness, and tolerance; therefore, boxing is highly beneficial to the development of youth's physical health. The purpose of this study is to guide the promotion of youth boxing sports schools.

Materials and Methods: This study is a survey-type, qualitative research. The questionnaire was set up for distribution, and the researchers set up the questionnaire based on the POLC theory, and the sample groups were three groups: the first group was 80 school administrators with excellent school sports development in Henan Province, the second group was 20 directors of municipal boxing associations in Henan Province, and the third group was 80 sports coaches with excellent school sports development in Henan Province, and the data of the above three groups was collected and analyzed and statistically formed initially into a draft of the promotion of youth boxing sports schools in Henan Province, and then expert appraisal was conducted. The draft of the promotion of boxing schools was analyzed and statistically analyzed to form a preliminary draft of the promotion of youth boxing schools in Henan Province, and then expert appraisal was carried out by a group of experts consisting of 6 experts from Henan Heavy Athletics Sports Management Center and 20 directors of municipal and boxing associations in Henan Province to evaluate the draft and to obtain a high-quality final strategy that can be practically used.

Results: The results of the study found that: after the consulting survey 50 strategy proposals were evaluated and screened with the opinion of experts. Twenty-two strategies were obtained that were qualitatively and efficiently used in practice, including 6 Planning Strategies, 5 Organizational Strategies, 6 Leading, and 6 Controlling All strategies were accepted by the Group of Experts.

Conclusion: Following expert evaluation, the study concluded that 22 strategies, including Planning, Organizational, Leading, and Controlling, had been identified and successfully implemented in practice. The Group of Experts approved all strategies.

Development of Ba Duan Jin in General Physical Education for Female University Students

Li Zhang , Onemai Prapanbundit, Nopporn Tasnaina — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Higher education was responsible for cultivating talent cultivation, scientific research, social service, inheritance and innovation, and international exchange and cooperation. It was also a core principle and key work content that was jointly recognized by international organizations and the Chinese Ministry of Education. The opening of the Health Qigong Ba Duan Jin course at the core quality level, it did not only cultivated college students' dignified body shape and good movement coordination ability, so that college students' limbs become more upright, flexible, and soft, but also cultivated college students' firm will quality and comprehensive learning ability; in the design of the curriculum, it not only makes the physical education course curriculum richer, but also receives a better effect in cultivating the comprehensive ability of college students. These research objectives were 1) To develop Ba Duan Jin teaching program for general physical education courses of general physical education for female university students. 2) To identify the appropriate teaching methods and contents for teaching and learning Ba Duan Jin in general physical education for female university students. 3) To set an experiment on the developed Ba Duan Jin teaching program in general physical education for female university students, and to compare the effectiveness between the effective output of the developed Ba Duan Jin teaching program and the Traditional Health Qigong program on, 1) physical health 2) Ba Duan Jin skills and 3) general competencies.

Materials and Methods: The population of this research was first-year university students in the second semester of the academic year 2023 at Guilin Tourism University. They were registered in the Health Qigong in general physical education course of general education. The teaching program was developed and experimented with through a two-group pretest-posttest design with 30 students of first-year students in each group. The experimental group was taught with the developed Ba Duan Jin teaching program and the control group was taught with the traditional health qigong program. The research operated for 12 weeks, three days a week with one and a half hours a day. The paired t-test was used to analyze data within the group and the independent t-test was used to analyze data between groups.

Results: 1) Participated in the Ba Duan Jin teaching program could gain more significant improvement at a .05 level of significance than participating in the Traditional Health Qigong teaching program only on the Ba Duan Jin Skills and in a Physical pain of General Competency: But the other items of General Competency and All items in Physical fitness did not have any differences. 2) Subjects in the Experimental group who participated in the Ba Duan Jin teaching program accepted the teaching operation and process with a very high perception of the benefits and values of Ba Duan Jin, teaching method, and process and carried over the values of Ba Duan Jin for lifelong health exercise.

Conclusion: In general, physical education for university students both Ba Duan Jin and Health Qigong could improve Physical Fitness, Qigong Skill, and General Competency but the Ba Duan Jin teaching program could improve some few variables in General Competency more than Heath Qigong, The Ba Duan Jin. The teaching program was very highly accepted perceived the value of exercise, operation, and process of the teaching program.

Effects of Specific Training Program to Improve Lower Limp Explosive Power on Long Jump of Physical Education Students in Beijing City, the People’s Republic of China

Qiang Qin, Chanchai Siriphan, Kiattiwat Watchayakarn — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Due long jump requires a significant amount of explosive power, particularly in the lower body muscles. Students who lack strength and power in their legs may struggle to generate enough force to propel themselves forward during take-off, resulting in shorter jumps. This research aims to study the effect of specific training programs to improve lower limb explosive power on the long jump of physical education students in Beijing City, The People’s Republic of China.

Materials and Methods: This research is quasi-experimental. The population of this experiment consists of first-year male students in the academic year 2023 at Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing City, who have chosen to study the subject of athletics, totaling 85 students. The 85 students will participate in the long jump test and record their scores. After the test, a total of 62 students passed the test criteria. The researcher used the simple random sampling method to select 20 students as a sample group. In this experiment, the training will be conducted in 8 weeks, comprising sessions held 5 days per week, 2 hours per day. Additionally, standing long jump test and long jump test to evaluate explosive power will be conducted before, after 4 weeks of training, and after 8 weeks of training. In this research, mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and dependent t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: After training with the specific program, the standing long jump test results and the long jump test results between the pre-test, after 4 weeks of training, and post-test showed a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion: The specific training program was effective in improving lower limb explosive power on the long jump of physical education students.

Determinants of Graduate Students' Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Learning Platforms at Hunan Normal University

Juan Fan — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: This research examined the factors affecting graduate students' behavioral intentions toward using a mobile learning platform. The study focused on several latent variables, including system quality (SQ), service quality (SVQ), information quality (IQ), perceived usefulness (PU), satisfaction (SA), attitude (ATT), and behavioral intention (BI). The goal of the study was to assess the degree to which each of these variables impacts the utilization of the mobile learning platform.

Materials and Methods: This research collected survey responses from 500 graduate students at a public university in Hunan, China, regarding their perspectives on using mobile learning platforms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to analyze the data.

Results: The data analysis results indicated that all hypothesized paths were statistically significant, demonstrating strong direct relationships between the variables in the model. Information quality, in particular, had the most substantial impact on perceived usefulness. These findings highlight the critical role of these factors in enhancing the effective use of mobile learning platforms in higher education, leading to increased student satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The study's strengths include a large sample size and the application of advanced statistical methods like SEM and CFA, offering a thorough evaluation of the model's validity. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single university, which may not capture the diverse experiences of students at other institutions. Moreover, while the study emphasizes key factors influencing mobile learning, it does not explore potential barriers or challenges students might encounter, such as technological issues or varying levels of digital literacy. Future research could address these aspects to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of mobile learning platforms.

Development of Badminton High Clear Shot Training Program of Students Aged Between 8-10 Years

Mingchun Chen, Prakit Hongseanyatham, Nopporn Tasnaina — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The proficiency of badminton skills among students aged 8-10 years in primary school is a significant concern, as there is a noticeable lack of tailored training programs specifically designed for this age group. Therefore, this research aims to develop badminton high clear shot training program of students aged between 8-10 years, and to improve the efficiency of badminton training of high clear shot skill, instill a passion for sports, encourage regular physical activity, and promote overall physical and mental well-being in children.

Materials and Methods: This research is quasi-experimental research. The population of this research was 79 students aged between 8-10 years in badminton club at Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Languages School Dachong Primary School. Through high clear shot skill test, 30 students with low test scores who volunteered to participate in the research have been selected as the sample group. This research will conduct 8 weeks of training to improve badminton high clear shot skill, and the testing for the badminton high clear shot will be before training, after 4 weeks of training, and after 8 weeks of training. In this research, mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and dependent t-tests were utilized to analyze the data. The level of significant difference was 0.05.

Results: After 8 weeks of training, there was a significant difference between the pre-test, after 4 weeks of training and post-test of the results of high clear shot test. Therefore, the students showed significant improvement in their badminton high clear shot skills after training with developed badminton training program.

Conclusion: The developed training program is effective in enhancing high clear shot skills among students aged between 8-10 years and can be utilized in the development of badminton education at the primary school level.

The Effects of Plyometric Training on 50 Meters Crawl Swimming Speed Performance in Swimmers

Pengcheng Chen , Suvachai Rittisom, Kiattiwat Watchayakarn — Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: This research aimed to study and compare the effects of plyometric training on crawl swimming speed performance in swimmers.

Materials and Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were selected from a population of 43 swimmers tested in a 50-meter freestyle swim. The times were recorded and ranked from highest to lowest. A total of 20 swimmers were selected using the ranking method, and they were divided into two equal groups of 10 by drawing lots: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group performed plyometric training, while the control group underwent traditional training. Both groups trained twice a week for eight weeks. The 50-meter crawl stroke speed was measured before and after the experiment. The data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and a t-test to determine the significant differences in performance before and after the experiment, as well as between the two groups.

Results: After eight weeks of training, the results indicated that: 1) The 50-meter crawl stroke speed in both the control and experimental groups improved significantly compared to pre-training levels (p < .05). 2) There were significant differences in the 50-meter crawl stroke speed between the control and experimental groups, with the experimental group showing greater improvement (p < .05).

Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated significant improvements in swimming speed for both the conventional and plyometric training groups at the 0.05 significance level. However, the plyometric training group showed notably greater improvements in speed compared to the conventional training group. These results suggest that plyometric training enhances 50-meter freestyle swimming performance by improving muscle strength, speed, and coordination. Incorporating plyometric exercises into conventional training programs could provide athletes with a competitive edge, as it focuses on both power development and the quick muscle response necessary for optimal swimming performance.

Developing the Calisthenics Exercise Program to Improve Physical Fitness of the Primary School Students

Qiaomu Chen , Yurasin Witayapayungkul, Nopporn Tasnaina — Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Calisthenics exercises improve body composition, flexibility, cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and mental health across various populations. This study's objective was to develop the physical fitness of primary school students by participating in a calisthenic exercise training program during the after-school period.

Materials and Methods: This research was quasi-experimental research, in which two groups pretest and a posttest conducted a calisthenic exercise training program during the after-school period. The subjects were 60 students in grade 5^thin primary school with simple random sampling. They were divided into two groups by systematic sampling technique based on physical fitness test scores. The experiment operated for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week with 60 minutes per session. The experimental group trained with a calisthenic exerciser training program developed by the researchers, the content validity was 95 (.66-1.00). The control group was assigned to participate in sports and exercise programs provided by the school on the after-school partitivities to responds to the “Double Reduction Policy”. The physical fitness tests were examined on pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation, comparing the mean between the group with t-test independent and within the group with pair t-test (*p<.05).

Results: found that 1) The mean comparison of physical fitness between the experimental and control group was a significant difference in 50 meters sprint, standing long jump, sit and reach, push-ups, and distant 600 meters run (*p<.05), but 30 seconds sit-ups and shuttle runs were not a significant difference. 2) The physical fitness of the experimental group in the posttest was better than in the pretest in all items (*p<.05).

Conclusion: The calisthenic exercise could effectively improve physical fitness in primary school students. However, some components of physical fitness must select a specific type or movement in calisthenic exercise to improve them.

Factors Influencing Satisfaction and Perceived Learning Performance in Blended Learning Using The Chaoxing Learning Platform

Fan Mo, Changhan Li — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Despite the success of blended learning, student satisfaction, and perceived learning performance remain key indicators of its effectiveness. While existing studies have explored these factors, most treat technology platforms generically, with limited focus on specific platforms. Therefore, this study investigates the factors influencing satisfaction (SAT) and perceived learning performance (PLP) in blended learning, specifically using the Chaoxing Learning Platform.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire, grounded in blended learning theories and the Technology Acceptance Model. The survey targeted students at the School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data from 493 valid responses.

Results: The analysis revealed significant positive relationships between the factors and satisfaction. Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Social Presence (SP), Teaching Presence (TP), and Cognitive Presence (CP) all contributed to higher satisfaction levels. Additionally, satisfaction was found to be a strong predictor of perceived learning performance, indicating that satisfied students believed they had performed better academically.

Conclusion: This study confirmed five key factors influencing student satisfaction in blended learning using the Chaoxing Learning Platform. It demonstrated a strong positive relationship between satisfaction and perceived learning performance, highlighting the central role of satisfaction in determining educational outcomes in blended learning environments. However, the study's focus on a single institution may limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research should explore diverse contexts and measure actual learning outcomes for a more comprehensive understanding.

Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Bibliometric Review of Influencing Factors and Mechanisms

Sun Haidong , Lee Lynne , Vivian Tang Hui-Wen — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: This study explicitly examines the impact and mechanisms of teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on educational outcomes and school effectiveness. It focuses on key factors such as psychological contracts, organizational support, and transformational leadership, which are crucial in the educational context. The research aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric review of OCB, highlighting significant research hotspots and trends, and offering both theoretical and practical insights.

Materials and Methods: Utilizing a detailed bibliometric approach with CiteSpace software, this study rigorously analyzes 183 documents from the CNKI database, covering the period from 2004 to 2024. The analysis includes keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and burst detection to identify the key themes and evolving trends in OCB research.

Results: The in-depth analysis reveals that teachers' OCB significantly enhances education quality and school effectiveness, with strong correlations to job satisfaction, occupational commitment, and reduced turnover intentions. Notably, organizational support and transformational leadership are identified as critical factors in promoting OCB. The results also highlight specific themes and the most influential factors, providing tangible insights into the mechanisms at play.

Conclusion: This study underscores the vital role of fostering organizational support and transformational leadership in enhancing teachers' OCB, which subsequently improves educational outcomes. The conclusion suggests that future research should delve deeper into how various leadership styles, personal traits, and school cultures influence OCB, to develop more effective educational management strategies. Additionally, practical implications are provided for school administrators to focus on enhancing support systems and leadership practices, ensuring sustained teacher commitment and performance.

Development of Playing Chinese Percussion Instrument Course Based on Task-based Learning and Team-based Learning to Enhance Playing Chinese Percussion Instrument Performance of the First-Year Students at Xi’an University

Shen Huang, Nitikorn Onyon, Orasa Charoontham — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and aim: The significance of Chinese percussion instruments is undeniable since they play a crucial part in Chinese music education. Nevertheless, there is a lack of extensive research on efficient teaching methodologies to improve student performance in this domain. Prior research has examined music education in a broad sense, but it has frequently neglected the particular difficulties and advantages related to learning Chinese percussion instruments. Furthermore, the comprehensive investigation of contemporary pedagogical methodologies, such as task-based learning (TBL) and team-based learning (TBL), in music education has not been extensively explored, particularly in Chinese percussion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of these novel learning techniques to enhance the playing Chinese percussion instruments performance of the student. This research and development aimed to 1) explore the background information and focus on course components of playing Chinese percussion instrument course based on task-based learning and team-based learning, 2) develop playing Chinese percussion instrument course based on task-based learning combined with team-based learning, 3) determine the effectiveness of implementing playing Chinese percussion instrument course based on task-based learning and team-based learning to improve playing percussion instrument performance by comparing students’ playing percussion instrument performance before and after course implementation.

Materials and methods: This study is divided into 3 phases; the first phase: studying the background information through reviewing documents and interviewing 10 experts in teaching percussion instruments and 10 students who already learned in this course, the second phase: constructing and verifying the developed course by 5 experts, and third phase: implementing the course with a sample of 50 first-year students at Xi'an University which were obtained by cluster random sampling. The tools used in this phase were as follows: 1) Task-based and Team-based learning on the playing Chinese percussion instrument course and its lesson plan, 2) A playing Chinese percussion instrument performance scoring rubric with a reliability was at 0.89. The statistics used to analyze the data include the mean, standard deviation, and t-test for the dependent sample.

Results: The research results covered the 3 research objectives were found that 1) The Chinese percussion instrument course mainly focuses on teachers 'teaching and students' passive acceptance, which does not form the students' active and independent learning consciousness, and the learning efficiency is low, and the academic performance is poor. 2) The Chinese percussion instrument course based on Task-based and Team-based learning includes principles, objectives, content, teaching steps, teaching materials, and learning evaluation. Moreover, teaching steps include (1) Problem design. (2) Study analysis. (3) Learning to support the analysis. (4) Group Formation and Task Assignment (5) Research and Preparation (6) Group presentation (7) Conclusion and Homework Assignment Improve after class. 3) After the implementation of the playing Chinese percussion instrument course based on task-based and team-based learning, the students' post-test score of the Chinese percussion instrument performance was higher than before its implementation, reaching a statistical significance level of 0.05.

Conclusion: The innovation of this study is that the components of the curriculum include six aspects: principles, objectives, content, teaching steps, teaching materials, and learning assessment. Moreover, the seven teaching steps developed based on task-based and team-based learning curriculum design can greatly improve student learning efficiency, especially helping to enhance playing Chinese percussion instrument performance of the first-year students at Xi’an University. An important principle of the task-based and team-based learning teaching methods is to maximize the students' subjective learning initiative. This study should provide students with more options for teaching techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to study the use of other teaching techniques to develop scientific learning outcomes and learning skills.

Factors Influencing Student Satisfaction and Loyalty in Blended Learning Models: Insights from Anshan Normal University

Zheming Liu, Changhan Li — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: As blended learning models gain traction in higher education, it is increasingly important to understand students' satisfaction with these models and the factors influencing them. The study aims to analyze the relationship between teacher image, student expectations, perceived quality, and student satisfaction in blended learning and to examine how student satisfaction affects student loyalty in blended learning settings.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative approach by surveying 937 students participating in blended learning programs at Anshan Normal University through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between various factors and their impact on student satisfaction. The questionnaire evaluated variables such as teacher image, student expectations, teaching quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty.

Results: The findings indicate significant positive correlations between teacher image, student expectations, teaching quality, perceived value, and student satisfaction. Specifically, a positive teacher image and high-quality teaching were strongly associated with improved student satisfaction. Additionally, the perceived value of the educational experience positively influenced satisfaction, which in turn enhanced student loyalty. The analysis shows that students' perceptions of teaching quality and their expectations significantly affect their overall satisfaction and subsequent loyalty to the educational institution.

Conclusion: To enhance student satisfaction in blended learning environments, institutions should focus on improving teacher image and the quality of teaching. Effective management of student expectations is also crucial. The study underscores that higher levels of satisfaction lead to greater student loyalty, highlighting the importance of delivering high-quality educational experiences to foster long-term commitment.

Factors Influencing Behavioral Intentions of College Students in Smart Campus Face Recognition System in Chengdu

Zhaoyan Li, Paitoon Porntrakoon, Liwei Chen — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The integration of face recognition systems with smart campuses improves the efficiency of identity authentication, attendance management, and access control, and realizes the modernization of education. However, factors such as personal privacy and data ethics affect college students' behavioral intentions and pose challenges to the successful adoption of these systems. This study aims to identify the key determinants that affect students' acceptance and use of smart campus face recognition systems and provide a decision-making basis for student information protection and university informatization promotion.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative research design was adopted, focusing on seven key variables that influence behavioral intentions and usage behaviors. An online survey was conducted on 500 students from four colleges of Xihua University, and descriptive statistics were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data to assess the fit of the model and examine the relationship between variables.

Results: The results showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, habit, risk belief, and trust belief had significant direct effects on behavioral intention. Perceived usefulness and risk belief emerged as the most important determinants of students' behavioral intention toward face recognition systems. Among them, students' risk beliefs hurt the behavioral intention of technology acceptance (β=-0.402, p < .001), which means that universities must reduce the perceived risk of the system; in addition, the trust belief and perceived usefulness of the system have a significant positive impact on the behavioral intention (β=0.279, p <0.001, β=0.234, p <0.001).

Conclusion: The study emphasizes that universities need to prioritize the practicality and ease of use of facial recognition systems while addressing issues related to risk and trust, adopting security protocols and strict data protection policies in technology, and forming relevant safeguards laws, and regulations through multiple channels to alleviate concerns about olefins and enhance trust to increase the adoption rate of facial recognition systems and promote the in-depth application of technology in the digital transformation of education. These insights can also provide references for policy decisions and system design strategies, ultimately promoting smarter campus management and enhancing the decision-making process.

Effects of Learning Management Using Simpson’s Psychomotor Domain on the Basketball Playing Ability of Seventh-grade Students at Chuangyi School

Dan Zhang , Danucha Saleewong, Lerlak Othakanon — Sun, 09 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The development of basketball playing ability, guided by Simpson’s psychomotor domain, is crucial for systematically building physical skills through progressive, well-structured instruction. This approach ensures that players not only acquire the necessary motor skills but also refine them through practice, leading to improved performance and greater mastery of the game. This experimental research aimed to 1) compare the students’ basketball playing ability before and after receiving using Simpson’s psychomotor domain, 2) compare the students’ basketball playing ability with the determined criterion of 70 percent, and 3) assess the student’s satisfaction on using Simpson’s psychomotor domain.

Materials and Methods: The sample of this study was a class of 30 seventh-grade students at Chuangyi School. They were derived from cluster random sampling. The research instruments were (1) Eight lesson plans using Simpson’s practice skill with a very high level of appropriateness, (2) a basketball skill test, and (3) a student satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.72. The statistics used to analyze data were mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent samples, and t-test for one sample.

Results: The results revealed that 1) after using Simpson’s practice skill, the students’ basketball playing ability after learning through using Simpson’s psychomotor domain than before at a statistically significant level of .05; 2) the students’ basketball playing ability was higher than the determined criterion of 70% at a significance level of .05; and 3) the students’ satisfaction after learning through using Simpson’s psychomotor domain was at a higher level. (M=4.22, SD=0.75).

Conclusion: The knowledge gained from the research is that seven-step learning management using Simpson’s psychomotor domain, which consists of (1) perception, (2) readiness, (3) guided Response, (4) mechanism, (5) complex overt response, (6) improvement and application, and (7) origination. The seven-step Simpson’s psychomotor domain enhances basketball abilities by progressively teaching, practicing, and applying skills, leading to improved understanding, proficiency, and competitive confidence.

Development of Speed Agility and Quickness Exercises add to the Wushu Training Program for Primary School Students

Haonan Chen, Pontep Leetong-in, Nopporn Tasnaina — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Physical fitness is one of the important factors for the development of Wushu athletics. The SAQ was a modern physical training method that emphasizes the development of speed, agility, and quickness in athletes to improve all forms of strength, coordination, agility, and speed. Therefore, it is important to add SAQ exercise to Wushu training. This research aims to develop speed agility and quickness (SAQ) exercises to add to the Wushu Training program for primary school students.

Materials and Methods: This study implemented a quasi-experimental research design with 50 subjects selected at simple random sampling and 25 systematic samples in each experimental and control group. A pretest was then administered to assess the individuals' characteristics, Wushu Sanda skills, and physical fitness. Following that, they were trained with SAQ exercises added in a wushu training program for 8 weeks, 3 days/weeks (M-W-F) for 60 minutes, and a post-training test with a mid-test and post-test. Data analysis included mean and standard deviation, independent t-tests, pretest, midtest, and posttests with one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparisons (*p<.05).

Results: The result found that: 1) The mean comparison showed a significant difference (*p<.05) between experimental and control groups in Wushu Sanda skills (side kick and takedown) and physical fitness (vertical jump test, hexagon test and reaction times). 2) Mean comparison between experimental and control groups, Wushu Sanda skills and physical fitness pairwise were significant differences (*p<.05).

Conclusion: The speed agility and quickness exercises added to the training program could improve fitness and Wushu Sanda skills in primary school students.

Development of Specific Training Programs to Improve Breaststroke Performance for Sport University Students

Wenxu Chen , Chanchai Siriphan — Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: Specific training programs are critical for improving breaststroke performance because they target muscle strength, flexibility, and stroke-specific technique, thereby increasing efficiency and speed in the water. Tailored drills also help to improve the timing and coordination required for optimal propulsion and smooth movement. The purpose of this study was 1) To develop a specific training program to improve breaststroke performance for sports university students. 2) To experiment with a specific training program to improve breaststroke performance for sports university students. 3) To study the effect of specific training programs to improve breaststroke performance for sports university students.

Methodology: This study was designed with a two-group experimental design. Students from the School of Physical Education of Minnan Normal University in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province were randomly selected and divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Before receiving 8 weeks of specific training, they were tested and scored for breaststroke movements and 50-meter breaststroke, and the assessment was repeated after the 4th week and the final test after 8 weeks of training. The data were analyzed using a statistical software package for mean, standard deviation, and t-test, one-way ANOVA repeated measures, and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. The statistical significance threshold was 0.05.

Results: The results showed that: 1) There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the mean comparison of breaststroke movements (leg movements, hand movements, breathing timing, and whole body coordination) and 50-meter breaststroke results (*P＜0.05). 2) There were significant differences in the pairwise comparisons of the variables in the pre-test, the test after the 4th week, and the final test after 8 weeks within the experimental group (*P＜0.05).

Conclusion: The data show that specific training programs significantly improve breaststroke performance, with noticeable improvements in leg and hand movements, breathing timing, body coordination, and 50-meter results. Furthermore, continuous improvements were observed in the experimental group over 8 weeks, demonstrating the efficacy of structured training.

Factors Influencing Students' Satisfaction with Using Mosoteach for Online Learning in the Culture and Arts Disciplines at Vocational Colleges in Chengdu, China

JI Chenhan, Zhu Lu — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: With the development of mobile Internet and the popularity of smart terminal devices, online learning platforms such as Mosoteach have been widely used in vocational colleges and universities in China. In the context of student-centered education, the researchers conducted this study to better meet students' online learning needs. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting students' satisfaction with using Mosoteach for online learning in the disciplines of culture and arts in a representative vocational college in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. These included computer anxiety, instructor innovation, student engagement, interaction, motivation to learn, and academic self-efficacy.

Materials and Methods: The quantitative study used a combination of purposive sampling and stratified sampling to distribute questionnaires to a total of 504 students in the three target disciplines who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 476 valid questionnaires were returned. For the data collected, the researchers analyzed the reliability, validity, and goodness of fit of the proposed model and tested the hypotheses using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

Results: The results of this study showed that student engagement, motivation, and academic self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on satisfaction and that interaction was positively related to student engagement and teacher innovation was positively related to academic self-efficacy. There is no significant relationship between the effect of interaction on student satisfaction and the effect of computer anxiety on student engagement.

Conclusion: In the future, vocational colleges and universities should pay more attention to the role of online teaching interactions and instructor innovations in student engagement and students' academic self-efficacy when teaching online for arts and culture students. By enhancing students' engagement, motivation, and academic self-efficacy, they can improve their satisfaction with online learning, thus improving the quality of education.

Developing Management Model for Youth Basketball Clubs in Guangzhou City

Haoxian Wang , Thongchat Phucharoen — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: In recent years, Guangzhou Basketball Club has developed rapidly. However, at present, there are few studies on the current and future development goals, development evaluation, management mode, and long-term planning of Guangzhou Basketball Club, and the research depth is insufficient. Therefore, this paper will analyze the development and management model of youth basketball clubs in Guangzhou, and combine political, economic, and social factors to provide effective strategies and suggestions for the development of basketball clubs in Guangzhou. The main goal of this study is to construct a management model for the development of basketball clubs in Guangzhou.

Materials and Methods: Literature review, expert interviews, and focus group questionnaires were used to ensure the authenticity and validity of the survey contents. Then, the development and management model of the basketball club was established and its effectiveness was verified. A total of 21 experts were interviewed in this study, and the experts were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 5 experts to discuss and evaluate the development and management of youth basketball clubs in Guangzhou; The second group consisted of 9 experts to ensure input on the proposed POLC conceptual model; The third group consists of 7 senior experts who are responsible for evaluating and validating the developed POLC model. The POLC model is a management model that divides the management process into four basic functions: Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. Each function has its specific application process. Steps in developing the POLC model) research and discuss the management of the Guangzhou Youth Basketball Club; 2) evaluate and study the important elements of the POLC model and develop a POLC conceptual model; 3) develop a draft POLC model through focus group discussions to ensure expert input on the POLC conceptual model; 4) The POLC model is evaluated and validated by senior experts, and the POLC model is revised and finalized. Frequency, average statistics, and content analysis were used for data analysis.

Result: Through the evaluation and verification of the POLC model for the development and management of Guangzhou Youth Basketball Clubs by experts, the four components of the model were finally determined: 1) The project management model includes six elements: government policy and support, market and demand, club strategy and business model, school and education, financial resources, challenges, and trends. 2) There are 5 factors in the organizational management model: organizational structure and system, human resources, marketing and promotion, risk management, and financial sustainability. 3) There are 7 factors in the leadership management model: professional development, innovation and culture, staffing and expertise, external factors, performance management, work-life balance, and employee engagement. 4) There are 5 factors of the control management model: quality assurance, performance measurement, financial control, risk management, competition, and development.

Conclusion: In terms of the quality evaluation of the POLC model, senior experts have conducted a good evaluation and verification of the POLC model for the development and management of Guangzhou Youth Basketball Clubs, and believe that the model system is complete, clear and implementable.

Development of An Integrated Model on Sports and Education to Enhance the Competencies of Sports Schools Students in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China

Cheng Fang, Panya Sungkhawadee — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: The sports school system has long been the main channel for developing sports-related talent in China. However, because of the imbalance between academic learning and sports training, only a small proportion of students from these sports schools show enough competency in their careers. This research aims to build an integrated model of sports and education to enhance the competencies of sports school students.

Methodology: (1) For data collection, this research mainly used the questionnaire method. A stratified random sampling method was used to pick 40 sports schools in different regions out of a total of 149 sports schools in Guangdong, China. For each school, related parties such as students, teachers, and school administrators were randomly chosen to answer the questionnaire from different perspectives. (2) For data analysis and model construction, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were used to analyze the data. (3) To refine the model, the Delphi method was used to consult experts in education and sports. After three rounds of Delphi, the final model was constructed, which both considered the information from questionnaires and the advice from experts. The final model was confirmed through the Focus Group method to further show its practicality.

Results: The research identified significant factors impacting student-athlete performance, including specialized academic planning, after-school tutoring, and the integration of sports and education administration. The study revealed that a tailored approach to academic and athletic training, along with coordinated management between sports and education bureaus is essential for enhancing student competencies.

Conclusion: The developed integrated model offers a comprehensive framework for sports schools to improve student outcomes in both academic and sports fields. By prioritizing both academic and athletic development, the model supports the sustainable growth of sports schools and the preparation of well-rounded student-athletes for future challenges.

Effects of Dancesport on Walking Balance and Spin Balance of University Athletes at Shenzhen Technology University

Xiezhuoyi Feng, Prakit Hongseanyatham, Achara Saochalerm — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Since walking balance and spin balance are considered crucial skills for dancesport athletes, whether they can perform well or not partially depends on having good postural stability skills or not. Therefore, this research aims to study the effects of dancesport on walking balance and spin balance of university athletes at Shenzhen Technology University, to improve walking balance and spin balance of university athletes.

Materials and Methods: This research was quasi-experimental. The research population was university dancesport athletes, individuals possessing fundamental dance skills but not classified as professional athletes, with a total of 30 athletes. The sample group for this research encompasses the entire population, comprising 30 university dance sports athletes. In this experiment, the training will be conducted over a total of 8 weeks, with 5 days per week and 2 hours per day. In addition, there will be tests for walking balance and spin balance conducted a total of 3 times, which include (1) before the start of training; (2) after completing 4 weeks of training; and (3) after completing training in week 8. This study utilized mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and dependent t-tests for data analysis, with the significance level established at 0.05.

Results: After 8 weeks of training with the developed dancesport training program, there was a statistically significant improvement at the 0.05 level in walking balance and spin balance of university athletes.

Conclusion: The developed dance sports training program was effective in improving the walking balance and spin balance of university athletes.

Creative Physical Exercise Program To Improve Motor Movement Physical Fitnes And Cognitive Ability In Chinese Preschool Children

Yanqing Feng , Achara Soachaler, Nopporn Tasnaina — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The early childhood stage is the most rapid development in all aspects, this study aims to Create a physical exercise program to improve motor movement physical fitness, and cognitive ability in Chinese preschool children, and to enrich the ways of exercise for young children in Guangdong Province, China.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the content and evaluation tools of the Physical Exercise Program were firstly interviewed with five experts using the expert interview method; secondly, two rounds of the Physical Exercise Program were conducted using the Delphi technique, and finally, the program was confirmed through focus groups. This study was conducted using the expert interview method, the Delphi expert questionnaire.

Results: (1) Through five expert interviews, the Physical Exercise Program covers movement development and fitness.; (2) The results of the first and second rounds of the Delphi Technique questionnaire, 19 experts unanimously agreed on the content of the Physical Exercise Program and the test indexes, with the median being greater than 4 and the quartile being less than 0.5；(3) After the meeting of the 5 experts, it was finally confirmed that the content of the training program included cognitive combined with motor development and physical fitness training.

Conclusion: Following expert interviews and the use of the Delphi technique, the exercise program to promote children's motor, fitness, and cognitive development was found to be feasible after three rounds of endorsement from 19 experts in the fields of sport and cognition.

Construction of Accuracy Speed Agility and Quickness Training Program to Improve Fencing Performance in Young Fencers

Yu Guo , Nopporn Tasnaina, Chanchai Siriphan — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: Fencing is a complex sport that highly depends on technique and physical fitness, mainly through the interaction of abilities such as precision, speed, agility, and quick reaction, which significantly impact competitive performance. However, current training methods and approaches for youth fencers still face limitations, including insufficient emphasis on physical training, incomplete understanding of athletes' physical and mental development patterns, and a lack of innovative training methods. These limitations may adversely affect the long-term development of athletes. Therefore, this study aims to develop an ASAQ training program that integrates precision with speed, agility, and quick reaction (SAQ) training to enhance youth fencers' technical skills and physical fitness, thereby improving their competitive performance. Specific objectives include) To conduct an experimental study on the developed program and compare the effectiveness between the experimental group and the control group in terms of physical fitness and fencing skills.2) To compare the effectiveness of the ASAQ training program in improving specific performance aspects of athletes through data analysis, particularly in enhancing lunge accuracy, speed, and reaction times.

Methodology: The study sample consisted of 62 young athletes from the Guangzhou Fencing Team, including 35 males (56.45%) and 27 females (43.55%); based on the scores from basic fencing techniques and physical fitness tests, athletes were sequentially numbered from 1 to 62 in descending order of their scores. They were then divided into two groups using systematic sampling: then drawn into the experimental group (n=31) and the control group (n=31). Research tools consisted of the training program, validated at.95 (.60-1.00), an interview form, a physical fitness test, a fencing skill test, and a program evaluation questionnaire. The experiment was operated thrice a week, two hours a day, for eight weeks. The training was conducted thrice weekly, two hours per session, over eight weeks. Data were collected at the pre-test, mid-test, and post-test for fencing skills and at the pre-test and post-test for physical fitness. The experimental and control group’s fencing of skill data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc with LSD. Comparisons of physical fitness between the experimental and control groups at pre-test and post-test were made using independent t-tests.

Results： ASAQ training significantly improves the basic skills of young fencers, particularly in precise target attack techniques, footwork speed, lunges, and quick responses during offense and defense. The experimental group outperformed the control group in three physical performance metrics: 15 meters Obstacle Sprint, Jump Ropes in One Minute, and Standing long jump. This showed that the ASAQ training improved speed, agility, coordination, balance, and lower body explosiveness, enhancing fencers' short-distance movement, quick directional changes, and explosive attacks during training and competitions.

Conclusion: The findings were as follows: 1) ASAQ could significantly improve the accuracy of target-hitting attack techniques, fencing footwork speed, lunges, and quick reactions during offense and defense of young fencers. It also showed significant improvements in physical qualities such as speed, agility, coordination balance, quick reactions, and lower limb explosive power. 2) The experimental group's post-test was significantly higher than the control group's at.05 on physical fitness and fencing skills. 3) The final interview of experts unanimously affirmed the ASAQ training method's effectiveness in enhancing young fencers' competitive performance. It recognized the practical value of the ASAQ training method. Future studies could integrate objective data such as physiological and biochemical indicators and athletic performance, utilizing scientific tools and equipment like GPS sports tracking systems and other wearable devices for training monitoring to enhance the accuracy of the results.

Development of Indicator Swimming Teaching Model for Higher Education Student

Yuan Hou, Phattaraphon Mahakhan, Prakit Hongsaenyatham — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: With the continuous advancement of the reform of physical education in colleges and universities, swimming course plays an increasingly prominent role in college physical education. The objective of this research was to develop the indicator swimming teaching model for higher education students, to improve the teaching quality of college swimming courses and students' comprehensive quality.

Materials and Methods: This research is mixed methods research type. The participants in this research can be divided into four groups, which are as follows:(1) 540 students and 36 teachers from 12 universities in Henan China were chosen to engage in responding to the questionnaires; (2) 7 experts were invited to in-depth interview; (3) 19 experts were invited to conduct two-round Delphi study; and (4) 9 experts were invited to discuss and confirm the constructed developing the indicator swimming teaching model for higher education students. The average and standard deviation are utilized to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire, the consensus data is analyzed by using the median and interquartile range, with criteria set at a median of ≥ 3.50 and an interquartile range of ≤ 1.50.

Results: The results show that the indicator swimming teaching model for higher education students is composed of 6 factors, namely: (A) Course objective; (B) Teaching content and organization; (C) Teaching methods and means; (D) Teaching practice, (E) Assessment and evaluation; and (F) Teaching resources and safety assurance, 19 components and 61 indicators.

Conclusion: The results show that the indicator swimming teaching model for higher education students is composed of 6 factors, 19 components, and 61 indicators. The content and application of this model have been evaluated and confirmed by 9 experts. It provides an effective tool for the evaluation and decision-making of the swimming teaching model of college students in Henan province. This teaching model is expected to change the traditional swimming teaching model and set a benchmark for other provinces.

Developing Managerial Guidelines to Promote Curling Sport in the People’s Republic of China

Mengqi Wang, Yurasin Wattanapayungkul, Prakit Hongsaenyatham — Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Curling in China for only 20 years has made remarkable achievements, especially in the 2009 curling world championships, where the women's curling team won the gold medal, causing the attention of the country and the attention of the public, but compared with some traditional curling powers, in tactics, psychological, still have an obvious gap. Therefore, this research aims to develop managerial guidelines to promote curling sports in China.

Materials and Methods: This research is a survey research. The sample was 20 curling players and coaches from three curling training centers in Heilongjiang Province, 60 curling club members in Harbin and Beijing, and 240 citizens who practice ice sports in Harbin and Beijing Street parks. In this research, the expert interview and questionnaire survey were conducted to draft the guidelines for developing managerial guidelines to promote the curling sport in China.

Results: to improve the sustainable development of curling in China, the management system of the project should be further improved and multi-party coordinated development should be carried out; Strengthen the socialization degree of curling; Increase the government as the main body of economic input, broaden the source of funding channels; Pay attention to personnel training, training and management; Focus on the comprehensive quality construction of coaches and players; Strengthen the scientific research of curling project

Conclusion: With the reform of the management system, the attention of management departments, the strong support and promotion of the government, and the gradual enrichment of reserve talents, the level of curling sports in China will be able to compete with the top strong teams.

Effect of Virtual Reality Intelligent Interior Design Platform on Interior Design Education at the Junior College Level

Jinyao Guo, Changhan Li — Thu, 13 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: According to the learning situation of college students, this paper puts forward some problems existing in teaching practical courses for the current situation of modern indoor teaching, and expounds the advantages of the application of Internet VR intelligent indoor design platform. Data is obtained and analyzed by grouping teaching classes and conducting teaching achievement testing experiments using different teaching methods. Determine whether there is a significant difference in the improvement of students' performance in creating interior design renderings between using VR intelligent design platforms and traditional design software. Therefore, this study proposes three research objectives:(1) To compare the performance improvement of learning VR intelligent design platform and traditional design software in creating interior design renderings. (2) To explore the features that VR intelligent design platforms can provide to improve learners' ability to create renderings. (3) To explore teaching methods for interior design vocational education based on VR intelligent design platforms.

Materials and Methods: This study is designed as a quasi-experimental study. The sample consists of 60 sophomore students majoring in interior design. In a rendering course at a college in Chongqing, purposive sampling was used to divide them into two groups: the experimental group learned how to create interior design renderings using a VR intelligent design platform, and the control group learned how to create interior design renderings using traditional design software. This study used performance testing as a research tool to determine whether the performance improvement of two groups of students was significant based on the difference in scores between pre-test and post-test scores.

Results: The average pre-test and post-test scores of the control group were 60.3 and 76.4, respectively, while those of the experimental group were 62 and 84.9, respectively. Compared with the control group (M=16.1, SD=2.96), the experimental group showed a significantly higher average score improvement (M=22.90, SD=2.77). The statistical significance level was P<. 001.

Conclusion: Research has shown that learning based on VR intelligent design platforms can improve students' learning efficiency in creating interior design renderings, achieve better academic performance, and is worth promoting.

The Effect of Technology on Burnout Among Primary and Secondary School Teachers and Their Subsequent Attitudes towards The Use of Technology

Jiandong Zhu — Thu, 13 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: With the continuous deepening of education reform and the rapid development of technology, the working environment and methods of teachers have undergone significant changes, and the problem of occupational burnout has also shown new characteristics and trends. This study aims to investigate the impact of the widespread application of technology in education on job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers and how this burnout subsequently influences their attitudes toward technology usage.

Materials and Methods: This study conducted a quantitative research method using a questionnaire survey to investigate 550 primary and secondary school teachers from an education group in Zhejiang Province who have been using the Seewo whiteboard for more than one year. Data from 500 teachers were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.

Results: The research results indicate that there is a significant correlation between social support, job satisfaction, workload, work family conflict, and technical stress and teacher burnout. In addition, occupational burnout has a significant negative impact on teachers' attitudes toward technology use, meaning that teachers who experience occupational burnout may hold a more negative attitude toward technology.

Conclusion: This study investigated the technical burnout of primary and secondary school teachers in an education group in Zhejiang Province and its effect on their attitudes towards technology. It found that the use of Seewo whiteboards significantly affected burnout and subsequent technology acceptance, providing insights into the adoption of technology tools in education.

Construction of Badminton Training Program to Improve Physical Fitness of University Students

Jia Huang, Permporn Buppavong, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The Internet era has revolutionized various aspects of office work, daily life, and numerous fields. During the critical stage of growth and development, the lifestyle choices made by college students profoundly impact their physical health. Therefore, to improve the physical fitness of university students through playing badminton, this research has constructed a training program to improve the physical fitness of university students, focusing on three main components: strength, speed, and flexibility.

Materials and Methods: This research is quasi-experimental. The population of this research consists of 135 second-year male students in the 2023 academic year at Shenzhen Technology University, who have chosen badminton as an elective course. From the annual physical fitness test, 40 male students who scored the lowest overall physical fitness scores, will be selected as a sample group for this research. The training program will be conducted for 8 weeks, with sessions scheduled 3 days per week, each lasting 2 hours. The physical fitness test (including flexibility, speed, and strength tests) will be conducted before training, after 4 weeks of training, and after 8 weeks of training. In this research, mean, standard deviation, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The level of significant difference was 0.05.

Results: After 8 weeks of training, there was a significant difference between the pre-test, after 4 weeks of training, and post-test of the results of the flexibility test, speed test, and strength test. The university students showed significant improvement in all three aspects of their physical fitness.

Conclusion: The developed badminton training program is effective in improving the physical fitness of university students and can be utilized in developing badminton education at the university level.

The Development of Blended Learning Design to Improve English Writing Competence of Higher Vocational College Students in Sichuan, China

Liang Qiao, Apiradee Jansaeng — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: English is a universal language and plays a crucial role in students' future work and lives. A pilot survey of freshmen at Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation revealed that their English writing performance is unsatisfactory. This research aims to improve students' English writing competence by developing a blended learning design based on a web page application, offering insights for other English teachers.

Materials and Methods: This study adopted a quantitative analysis method, dividing two classes into an experimental group with blended learning and a control group with traditional teaching. Data were collected over 13 weeks through pre-and post-tests to measure improvements.

Results: The analysis showed that the blended learning design significantly improved students' English writing skills, particularly in vocabulary, organization, mechanics, and language use, with vocabulary and language use showing the most improvement.

Conclusion: It is necessary and feasible to apply a blended learning design to English writing teaching. In the future, teachers can reasonably use the Pigai web page application in English writing teaching according to the teaching environment and students' learning characteristics.

Construction of a Mobile Learning Model to Improve Breaststroke Swimming for University Students

Shimeng Huang , Prakit Hongseanyatham, Chanchai Siriphan — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims： As well as the popularity of mobile smart devices, mobile phones, and tablets inside and outside the campus, it is increasingly convenient for us to obtain big data information on the Internet anytime and anywhere. New epoch planning background, the education reform in colleges and universities to improve the quality of classroom teaching, combining with the network teaching platform, improve the classroom teaching effect, enrich the teaching resources, make mobile learning mode by colleges and universities now recognition and acceptance. The main objective of this study was to construct a mobile learning model to improve breaststroke swimming among university students.

Methodology： A questionnaire was designed for 367 university students. Descriptive statistical method analysis was used to analyze the current of mobile breaststroke swimming learning courses. Clarify the current situation and find the problem to solve. Then, according to the current situation, issues to be addressed, and the requirements of swimming courses, 7 experts' in-depth interviews were invited to extract the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model of university students' teaching elements framework using the NVivo12.0 software. 5 experts were invited to discuss, adopt the IOC test, and develop the first draft of the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model. 19 experts were invited to conduct three rounds of Delphi analysis to conduct the first draft of the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model framework. Finally, we invited 9 experts to perform the Connoisseurship method and finalized the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model.

Results: Confirm the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model. It includes 4 first-level elements, including teaching background, teaching content, teaching process, and teaching evaluation.10 second-level elements, and 23 third-level elements.

Conclusion: Combined with the talent training objectives and requirements, in the construction of a new mobile breaststroke swimming learning model, in addition to the basic offline curriculum setting, full consideration should be given to improving students' technical principles, learning enthusiasm, innovative consciousness, and problem-solving ability. Through in-depth expert interviews and IOC testing, after modification by the Delphi consensus, form the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model draft. Use the Connoisseurship method， to confirm the mobile breaststroke swimming learning model.

Effective of Flipped Classroom Teaching to Improve Wushu Skills for Students in Guangzhou Sport University

Xi Wang, Chanchai Siriphan, Wisute Tongdecharoen — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims： Flipped classroom teaching moves direct instruction outside the classroom, allowing students to work on lecture materials at home while using class time for active learning, discussions, and problem-solving. This method encourages deeper comprehension, collaboration, and personalized support during in-class activities. The objective of this research was to study the effect of flipped classroom teaching to improve Wushu's skills for students at Guangzhou Sport University.

Materials and Methods： This research is quasi-experimental. Taking the second-grade students of Wushu in Guangzhou Sport University in 2023 as the research object, 60 students who met the Wushu test standards and volunteered were randomly selected as the experimental sample group, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. First, the questionnaire survey method and expert interview method were used to discuss 60 students and 5 experts, and the current situation and existing problems of school martial arts teaching were collected. Secondly, the focus group was discussed with 10 experts to formulate a specific teaching plan, and 5 students were randomly selected to try out the plan. Finally, the 8-week flipped classroom teaching experiment was carried out before, 4 weeks after teaching, and 8 weeks after teaching. Analysis of variance and T-test were used for data processing, and the effect of martial arts flipped classroom teaching was evaluated according to the processing results.

Results: After 8 weeks of teaching experiment, the data results were significant before and 4 weeks after teaching and were significantly different after 8 weeks of teaching. It shows that the teaching program can effectively improve the basic skills of wushu students majoring in the Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education.

Conclusion: The flipped classroom of martial arts is conducive to the improvement of martial arts-specific qualities and technical abilities.

The Effect of Teaching a Mathematics Course Based on Multiple Intelligences Theory to Enhance Students' Mathematical Reasoning Ability

Pengfei Yang, Suwana Juithong, Phithack Nilnopkoon — Sun, 16 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: With the implementation of the new teaching syllabus, we realize that the requirements of the latest teaching syllabus provide conditions and operational platforms for cultivating students' intellectual diversity. At the same time, cultivating students' divergent thinking and logical thinking abilities and improving their comprehensive qualities have become teaching requirements of the new teaching syllabus. The aims of this study were: 1) to compare the students' mathematical reasoning ability before and after implementing the mathematics course based on multiple intelligences theory for the fourth-grade students of primary school, and 2) to compare the students' satisfaction toward the mathematics course based on multiple intelligences theory for the fourth-grade students of primary school with the criterion of 70%.

Materials and Methods: This study used quantitative methods and experimental methods, including a mathematical reasoning ability test and a student satisfaction questionnaire, with a sample size of 30 fourth-grade students from Fugou Road Primary School in Zhoukou. Statistical analysis includes content analysis of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and inductive methods.

Results: After studying the mathematics course based on multiple intelligences theory, students' mathematical reasoning ability was higher than the determined criterion of 70% at the .05 statistical significance level; Additionally, students' satisfaction was at a high level.

Conclusion: The development of a mathematics course based on multiple intelligences theory has a significant effect on enhancing mathematical reasoning ability for students. Furthermore, students were satisfied with their learning of this course.

Factors Influencing the Leadership of College Presidents in the Informationization Era

Xiaoming Xie, Sujin Butdisuwan, Piyapan Santaveesuk — Sun, 16 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Chinese universities have established information technology infrastructure. However, the transformative impact of IT on education requires further exploration. With the development of information technology in Chinese universities, there are challenges in leveraging IT to transform education effectively. Efforts such as expanding online learning spaces and promoting information technology in education management have been emphasized in government plans. The focus for university leaders is now shifting towards promoting specific IT applications in teaching and campus governance. University headmasters need to integrate information technology into classroom teaching and school management to drive impactful changes in education and administration. The research objectives are as follows: 1) To identify and analyze the effect of IT literacy on school principals' leadership. 2) To examine the effect of informatization planning ability on the informatization leadership of principals 3) To assess the effect of informatization management ability on the informatization leadership of principals. 4) To examine the effect of informatization assessment ability on the informatization leadership of principals.

Method: The researcher chose a quantitative study to generate numerical data for analysis, focusing on the descriptive relationship between variables. Questionnaires were distributed to headmasters across various regions in China via https://www.wjx.cn/login.aspx. Subsequently, 201 valid questionnaires were collected and screened for analysis.

Results: The impact of principal informational literacy on principal informational leadership is a very important and complex topic. From the final path coefficient, the principal informatization literacy path coefficient is 0.495, which is relatively high compared to the path coefficients of several other factors. This indicates that the principal's informatization literacy ability has a greater impact on the principal's informatization leadership. According to the path coefficient analysis results, the path coefficient of the principal's informational planning competence is 0.234, which is low compared to the path coefficients of the other influencing factors. This may mean that the respondents do not have a positive view of the principal's informational planning competence in influencing the principal's informational leadership. According to the path coefficient analysis results, the path coefficient of the principal's informatization management ability is 0.532, and it is significantly positively affecting the principal's informatization leadership, the highest path coefficient among the four influencing factors. This indicates that the principal's informatization management competence has a greater influence on the principal's informatization leadership. The path coefficient of principal informatization assessment competence is 0.172 indicates that principal informatization assessment competence has some influence on principal informatization leadership, but the influence is relatively weak. In other words, principal informatization assessment competence's role in principal informatization leadership is relatively small.

Conclusions: The following four conclusions were drawn by analyzing the path coefficients. Information technology literacy is positive for the informationization leadership of principals. Informationization planning capability is positive for the informationization leadership of principals. Informationization management capability is positive for the informationization leadership of principals. Informationization assessment capability is positive for the informationization leadership of principals.

Development of Training Program to Improve Specific Fitness and Wushu Taolu Skills for Youth Athletes

Yinan Shen , Wisute Tongdecharoen, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Sun, 16 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: Nowadays, whether it is an amateur training team or a professional training team, they only use special training methods and some conventional training methods to strengthen athletes' Specific fitness and quality, focusing more on muscle strength exercises. Such training methods are not systematic or comprehensive. Traditional Specific fitness training may have adverse effects on athletes' performance in some cases. Overemphasis on specific fitness training and neglect of comprehensive training can lead to imbalances and increase the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to develop of training program to improve specific fitness and Wushu Taolu skills for youth athletes.

Methodology: This study was a mixed method; it combines quantitative and qualitative research. The sample of this study consisted of 8 experts and 30 male youth Wushu athletes aged between 9-12 years old. They were divided into 2 groups by systematic method. Training program design begins with an analysis of factors affecting specific fitness and Wushu Taolu skills. After that, the information was synthesized and consulted with experts through a focus group method. The content validity value (IOC) was 0.87. The experiment duration was 8 weeks. Wushu Taolu's skills and specific fitness were tested by pre-test and post-test and compared using the independent t-test. As for Wushu Taolu skills were tested by pre-test, mid-test, and post-test using the comparison analysis one-way ANOVA repeated measures, then pairwise with Bonferroni post hoc (*p<.05

Results found that:1) Before the experimental the specific fitness result between groups of standing long jump test results was a significant difference (*p<.05). Post experimental the specific fitness result between groups of shuttles run test results was not a significant difference. The test result between the experimental group and control group of Wushu Taolu skills, before the experiment found that all Wushu Taolu skills pairwise were not significantly different. Post experimental found that all Wushu Taolu skills pairwise were significantly different (*p<, 05). The comparison of the Wushu Taolu skills test within the experimental group found that all Wushu Taolu skills in the experimental group had a significant difference (*p <.05).

Conclusion: The training program can improve specific fitness and Wushu Taolu skills for youth athletes.

The Effect of Music Notation Software on Improving the Level of Improvisation Playing and Singing of Children's Songs for College Students

Ting Liu, Changhan Li — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Traditional music education methods may be outdated and fail to engage students accustomed to interactive learning. Integrating computer technology into teaching can provide a dynamic platform to enrich teaching methods and address the monotony of conventional instruction. This study is designed to explore the efficacy of JPW software in enhancing children's impromptu playing and singing skills, its role as an educational tool in advancing these musical competencies, and the level of satisfaction among children with its use in learning environments.

Materials and Methods: The study focuses on second-year Preschool Education majors from Yiyang Normal College of Higher Vocational Education. Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 42 students. Under the mentorship of their instructors, both groups were tasked with learning to play and sing ten children's songs over 12 weeks. In the qualitative phase of the study, ten students from the experimental group were randomly selected for interviews conducted in the 13th week. The control group was taught using conventional methods, whereas the experimental group was introduced to the JPW music notation software to support their learning of children's song improvisation and singing. An independent samples T-test was employed for statistical hypothesis testing, complemented by content analysis for the qualitative assessment of data.

Results: Quantitative results: there is a significant improvement in the experimental group students' performance in accuracy, artistic expression, piano accompaniment, arrangement ability, and singing and playing coordination skills when JPW software is applied in children's song improvisation courses. Qualitative results: students have responded positively to the application of JPW software in children's song improvisation accompaniment classes.

Conclusion: This study's results show that JPW software is significantly superior to traditional teaching methods in cultivating students' musical ability.

Inheritance and Challenge: A Study on the Protection and Development Strategy of the Manchu Cultural Heritage in Wulajie Town, Jilin Province

Lin Zhu, Chusak Suvimolstien, Jantana Khochprasert — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Although Wulajie Town in Jilin Province is an important birthplace of Manchu culture and has a rich historical and cultural heritage, there is a significant gap in existing research in comprehensively and systematically evaluating its cultural value, inheritance status, and the impact of modernization. Given this, this study aims to fill this gap by deeply analyzing the uniqueness of Manchu culture in Wulajie Town, identifying the specific challenges it faces in the process of modernization, and proposing practical protection and development strategies based on this, to promote the continuous inheritance and innovative development of this precious cultural heritage.

Materials and Methods: This study adopted a series of systematic research methods to ensure the comprehensiveness and depth of the research. First, through a literature review, we extensively collected and analyzed historical documents, academic works, and relevant policy documents to construct the historical context and theoretical framework of the Manchu culture in Wulajie Town. Secondly, the field investigation method enabled us to directly observe and record the cultural heritage, traditional customs, and contemporary practices of Wulajie Town, including on-site surveys of historical sites and in-depth interviews with local community members. In addition, the interdisciplinary analysis method covers qualitative research, such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews, as well as quantitative research, such as statistical data analysis of cultural heritage use and tourism impacts. The comprehensive application of these methods enables us to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of the Manchu culture in Wulajie Town and make evidence-based recommendations for its inheritance and development in modern society.

Results: This study deeply analyzed the current situation and challenges of the Manchu cultural heritage in Wulajie Town, Jilin Province. The study found that although Wulajie Town has retained rich Manchu cultural characteristics in terms of language, customs, and costumes, the lack of cultural characteristics in the process of modernization, lack of professional talents, shortage of funds, and poor publicity have seriously threatened the inheritance and development of these cultural heritages. In particular, the contradiction between the protection of traditional culture and modernization, the aging of inheritors and the lack of cultural identity of the younger generation, and the financial and technical limitations of cultural tourism development have become the main obstacles to the sustainable development of Manchu culture in Wulajie Town. The study emphasized that to effectively respond to these challenges, a series of measures need to be taken, including strengthening the systematic research of cultural resources, enhancing cultural protection awareness, repairing historical sites, cultivating professional talents, developing cultural tourism products, innovating cultural communication methods, establishing a multi-party cooperation mechanism, and formulating sustainable development plans, etc., to ensure the protection, inheritance and development of Manchu culture in Wulajie Town, while promoting the prosperity of the local economy and social harmony.

Conclusion: In response to the modernization challenges facing the Manchu culture in Wulajie Town, Jilin Province, this study puts forward strategic suggestions such as strengthening cultural resource research, enhancing protection awareness, restoring historical relics, cultivating professional talents, developing cultural tourism products, innovating communication methods, establishing cooperation mechanisms and formulating sustainable development plans, aiming to promote the inheritance and development of Manchu culture and ensure its vitality and prosperity in the context of the new era

The Impact of Blended Teaching in Computer Fundamentals Under the Online Learning Platform on College Students' Learning Outcomes

Yuanyuan Zhao, Changhan Li — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: With the rapid development of technology, online learning platforms have become important tools in the field of education, having a profound impact on traditional teaching methods. This study aims to construct a blended teaching model for computer fundamentals based on the 5Y online learning platform, exploring its effects on enhancing students' learning outcomes (theoretical knowledge, practical skills, attendance, and interactive participation). Additionally, the study analyzes students' perceptions of blended learning in computer fundamentals under this platform.

Materials and Methods: This study adopts a mixed-method research approach, combining quantitative research through quasi-experiments and qualitative research through face-to-face interviews. A total of 84 first-year students from Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Province, China, were selected using purposive sampling during the 2023 academic year. The quasi-experiment divided the students into a control group (42 students) and an experimental group (42 students). The experimental group engaged in blended learning using the 5Y online learning platform, while the control group received traditional teaching. Data were collected through performance tests, attendance records, participation scores, and face-to-face interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and thematic analysis.

Results: The results show that blended learning in computer fundamentals using the 5Y online learning platform significantly outperforms traditional face-to-face teaching in improving students' learning outcomes. The experimental group demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing theoretical knowledge, practical skills, attendance, and interactive participation. Compared to the control group, all improvement dimensions (theoretical knowledge, practical skills, attendance, and interaction) had p-values less than 0.05, indicating statistically significant differences. Furthermore, students expressed positive attitudes toward the learning experience in this blended teaching model.

Conclusion: Blended teaching based on the 5Y online learning platform shows a significant advantage in improving learning outcomes in computer fundamentals courses, providing students with a positive learning experience. These findings provide important insights for future digital teaching strategies and research.

Guideline to Develop Learning Dance Sport of Children Age 10-12 years in Anyang Province China

MuXin Li , Siri Thee-Asana, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Since the introduction of sports dance into China, people across the country have a high enthusiasm for the study of dance movement. The dance movement includes Latin dance and modern dance, which have the same amount of intensity, strength, speed, explosion, and other sports, for the first time, so they are classified as the sport, in the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, collectively known as the Dance Movement. In a short period of more than ten years, the dance movement has developed rapidly and has been continuously explored and developed. However, as an emerging project in China, the dance movement is still relatively weak in theory and practice. To solve these problems, improve the development of 10-12-year-old children in Anyang city, and improve their interest in learning sports dance, our goal is to improve the management of training institutions, teaching, publicity, etc., which can help students improve their interest in sports dance. Our ultimate goal is to improve the understanding of sports dance in Anyang City by studying the interest and development of children in Anyang City, to promote the development of sports dance in Anyang City.

Materials and methods: First, through relevant literature, 330 teachers, 15 0 students, and 150 parents were selected from 15 training institutions in Anyang City. Then, we interviewed 7 experts and pointed out the problem elements through POLC theory. Subsequently, 9 experts formed a focus group to discuss the development guide for children's interest in learning sports dance, and the existing problems were raised again. Finally, five appreciation experts determined the final development guide for children interested in learning sports dance aged 10-12 in Anyang City.

Results: After research, it is found that the existing training schools in Anyang City are still lacking in terms of size and facilities, and the professional site facilities such as wood floors and modern audio equipment should be improved accordingly. In addition, teachers' teaching is too single, teachers do not have regular training, and there is no reasonable plan for the selection of teachers. There is no home-school union between parents and teachers, and parents are not involved. The publicity of the training institutions is not strong enough, the publicity means are too rigid, and they do not actively strive for the help of the society and the government, which leads to the development of Anyang sports dance.

Conclusion: The development of children aged 10-12 in Anyang City needs to start from many aspects first, Teachers should adopt flexible teaching models and stimulate children's interest in learning through innovative and interesting methods; next, The correct guidance and continuous support of parents plays a vital role in children's interest in learning; moreover, High-quality teaching environment and professional facilities are crucial to improving children's learning experience, It can effectively improve the children's learning experience, Then to promote their interest in learning and the development of Anyang city training institutions; last, The government and relevant departments should actively promote the popularization of Dance sport, Integrate it reasonably into the physical and art curriculum of primary and secondary schools, And regularly organize teacher training and competitions, Improve the teaching level of teachers and children's participation. Through various efforts, children's interest in learning and development will be further consolidated and promoted.

The Zen-Taught Pattern in Chinese Martial Arts Routines

Yuezhong Li , Pattarapol Mahakhan — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: Although there are many phenomena in China where Zen meditation occupies an important position in martial arts practice, there is insufficient research on its exact historical evolution, philosophical background, and impact on the body and mind of martial artists, which needs to be further explored. So, the main objective of this study was to study the philosophical concept of the Zen-taught pattern in Chinese martial arts and to develop the Zen-taught pattern in Chinese martial arts routines.

Methodology: This study was a mixed method; it combines quantitative and qualitative research. A survey about the philosophical concept of Zen-taught patterns in Chinese martial arts routines will use a total of 222 questionnaires for Chinese martial arts masters, Zen learners, and stakeholders and the questionnaire validity will be tested for IOC by 5 experts (IOC = 0.60-1.00). A total of 9 experts were used on the focus group method to consult about the framework of developing the Zen-Taught Pattern in Chinese Martial Arts Routines. Finally, the researcher would use the Connoisseurship method with 7 experts to confirm the develop the Zen-Taught Pattern in Chinese Martial Arts Routines.

Results found that All 6 principles at a high level, ranked from the highest to the lowest average score, were the principle of love and compassion, the principle of commitment, the principle of careful consideration, the principle of relationship, and the principle of facing reality. The principle with the lowest average score was the principle of continuity.

Conclusion: The Zen taught pattern in Chinese martial arts routine, learners feel free, have a good life, grow, and are truly happy. It allows learners to live a balanced and happy life under the process of learning by heart, developing the inside, mind, and spirit, making learners see the value of themselves, see the value of others, and have love and compassion for fellow human beings and things around them because teachers listen to students with sincerity, understand the details of what they hear, allowing students to apply various experiences in real life.

Guidelines to Develop Students of Fashion Show Major

Wenxin Liu — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The costume show is a beautiful business. In the countless spotlights, in the center of the stage and people's eyes focused, the light turns around, showing beautiful posture and clothes, this is a lot of people dream of the scene. In 1977, 30 years after Pierre Cardin led foreign models to China, China's textile and apparel-related institutions of higher learning, continued to set up the "clothing performance" major, in the late 1990s, the training level gradually increased to colleges and universities. At present, China has hundreds of universities with this specialty. The specialty of costume performance has a history of more than 20 years in China, but it is still in the embryonic stage in terms of the guidelines to develop for training students in costume performance. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop accurate, reasonable and effective guidelines to develops for the fashion performance profession.

Materials and Methods: Research relevant literature, make questionnaires, confirm the validity, and find out the current situation and problem factors. Draft guidelines to develop for training students majoring in fashion performance, and then set up focus groups to revise and supplement the drafted guidelines to develop. Finally, the experts are consulted to determine the final guidelines to develop for training students in costume performance.

Results: In this study, the number of guidelines for training students majoring in fashion performance is summarized as follows: Physique 11, physical strength and health 8, movement 11, skill 9, emotion 4, and communication 4.

Conclusion: The guidelines to develop this study can not only effectively improve students' Physique, physical fitness, health, movement, skill, emotion, and Communication, but also select a variety of different ways and different collocation ways to form new guidelines to develop for the six factors.

A Development of Indicators and Physical Health Evaluation System for University Students in Guangzhou City

DongYue Li , Prakit Hongsaenyatham — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The "Student Physical Health Standards" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Education and the State Sports General Administration have been officially implemented in all types of schools at all levels across the country. These tests have some drawbacks: The test method is single； Neglecting individual differences; Physical health tests and scholarships, linked to physical education scores, even lead to graduation failure, causing stress and anxiety; it neglects the cultivation of students' healthy lifestyles, emotional attitudes, and values. It is an important foundation for college education and the physical and mental health of the whole people to achieve new guarantees for the physical health test of college students in Guangzhou. This study is a survey study whose main purpose is to construct a physical health testing system for college students in Guangzhou.

Materials and Methods: This study is survey development research. Through a survey of no sport’s major university students from five universities in Guangzhou (Guangzhou University, Guangdong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangdong University of Technology, and South China University of Technology). 5 experts were interviewed, 7 members of the expert focus group discussed, and 19 Delphi experts conducted two rounds of validation. The Delphi technique and the Analytic Hierarchy Process were combined to calculate indicator weights using a qualitative and quantitative approach. In the Delphi expert correspondence, the importance scores of indicators are scored using the Likert 5-point scale, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process uses the difference in the average importance scores of each indicator to determine the Saaty scale value.

Results: Based on the TPB theory, the development of indicators and a physical health evaluation system for university students in Guangzhou City was constructed. The first level indicators, including physical shape, physical function, and psychological and behavioral health, were unanimously confirmed by 9 expert appraisal team members. There are 13 secondary indicators, including BMI value, body fat content, body shape, lung capacity, pull-ups, sit-ups, 50m, 800m, 1000m, standing long jump, skipping rope, sitting forward bend, and campus health running body shape.

Conclusion: The evaluation system of the physical health tests of college students in Guangzhou is confirmed by TPB theory to be a total of 30 three-level indicators. There are 3 primary indexes, which are physical quality, mental health, and health behavior management. There are 10 secondary indexes, which are body shape, body function, athletic ability, physical quality, etc. Tertiary indicators are 30, respectively, height, weight, BMI, cardiopulmonary function, and so on.

Effects of Core Strength Training Program to Improve Table Tennis Forehand and Backhand Smash of University Students in Nanjing City The People’s Republic of China

YuanZhao Zhou, Chanchai Siriphan, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The forehand and backhand smash is one of the most important techniques in table tennis. It can be seen from the early data that the smash technique has a very important effect on the result of the match. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of a core strength training program on improving the effect of forehand and backhand smashes of table tennis in Nanjing college students.

Materials and Methods: This study is quasi-experimental. The study population was 60 students currently studying in the 2023 academic year at Nanjing Sport University, all of whom were students in the table tennis club. The 60 students will take the forehand and backhand smash test and record their scores. According to the test scores, 30 students ranked 16-45 were selected as samples. Since students at the top of the rankings are likely to have better skills and those at the bottom are fewer, the reliability of the research can be better reflected by selecting students in the middle of the rankings. In this experiment, the training will last for 8 weeks, including 2 hours a day, 5 days a week. In addition, forehand and backhand smash speed and accuracy tests were performed before training, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks, respectively. In this study, mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measurement ANOVA, and dependent T-test were used to analyze the data.

Results: After the core strength training, the forehand and backhand smash speed test and accuracy test results between the pre-test, 4-week training, and post-test were all below 0.05 level, and this study had statistical significance.

Conclusion: Through scientific methods and empirical data, this study fully proves that core strength training has a significant effect on improving the speed and accuracy of table tennis forehand and backhand smash, which is consistent with the hypothesis of this study.

Effects of Lower Limp Strength Training to Improve Single-Step Backflip Butterfly Stance in Wushu Taolu Nanquan Athletes

Xinhao Wang, Prakit Hongseanyatham, Yurasin Wattanapayungkul — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Lower limb strength training is crucial for improving the single-step backflip butterfly stance. Lower limb strength training ensures that the body reaches a certain height in the air to have enough time for rotation. Weighted squats, single-leg jumps, frog jumps, tuck jumps, single-leg squats, and calf raises are all methods to enhance lower limb strength training, which helps increase the height of the backflip after a single step. Therefore, the researcher is interested in studying the effect of lower limb strength training to determine whether it can improve the single-step backflip technique in Wushu Taolu Nanquan athletes.

Materials and Methods: The population for this research consists of 48 male Wushu Taolu Nanquan athletes from Changzhou Sports School, aged 14 to 17. They possess basic Wushu skills, but they still require further training to enhance and develop additional techniques. All 48 male Wushu Taolu Nanquan athletes will participate in the single-step backflip butterfly stance test, and their scores will be recorded. Following the test, 36 athletes completed the technique. From this group, the researcher selected 20 athletes whose scores ranked between 9^th and 28th for participation in this research as a sample group. The lower limb strength training was conducted for 8 weeks, and the single-step backflip butterfly stance test was conducted before training, after 4 weeks of training, and after 8 weeks of training to evaluate the effects of lower limb strength training in improving single-step backflip butterfly stance. This research employed mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and dependent t-tests for data analysis, with a significance level set at 0.05.

Results: After training with the lower limb strength training program, there was a significant difference between the single-step backflip butterfly stance test results before training, after 4 weeks of training, and after 8 weeks of training at the level of 0.05.

Conclusion: The developed lower limb strength training program was effective in improving the single-step backflip butterfly stance of Wushu Taolu Nanquan athletes.

Development of Teaching and Learning Model by Integration of Political Education and Physical Education for University Students

Qingzhi Zhou, Nopporn Tasnaina , Wisute Tongdecharoen — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: In 2017 and 2022, the Ministry of Education promoted all-round youth development, demonstrating the country's strong emphasis on physical education in schools. The aim was to enhance students' physical and mental health as well as their overall development. In response to the national initiative, the Ministry of Education has supported the integration of moral education across various academic disciplines. Therefore, the objectives of this research were 1) to develop a teaching and learning model by integrating political education and physical education for university students; 2) to implement the university teaching design; and 3) to evaluate the effects of integrating political education and physical education in the teaching design for university students.

Materials and Methods: In this research, the researcher followed these steps: First, relevant research documents related to the curriculum of political education and physical education were studied. Then, feedback on teaching and learning models integrating political education and physical education for university students was collected. After obtaining the research structure, the opinions of 17 experts were gathered using the Delphi method in two rounds. The model obtained was then confirmed by 9 experts using the Connoisseurship method. In this research, mean, standard deviation, percentage, median, and interquartile range were used to analyze the data.

Results: The research found that the teaching and learning model by integrating political education and physical education for university students was divided into 8 components, 16 factors, and 43 indicators. 8 key components were as follows: (1) class objective and goals; (2) teaching design; (3) teaching method; (4) assessment and evaluation; (5) resource and materials; (6) teachers support; (7) implementation strategy; (8) students learning attitude.

Conclusion: The teaching and learning model by integrating political education and physical education for university students covered all aspects of education, combining knowledge of political concepts with knowledge of physical education. This model was innovative and highly effective.

Comprehensive Training Program in Badminton for Students Majoring in Sports Training Program of College

Yuda Li , Nopporn Tasnaina — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: A structured training program in badminton is essential for improving players' technical skills, agility, and endurance, allowing them to perform to their full potential. It also aids in injury prevention and mental conditioning, which are critical for consistent performance and competitive success. The main objective of this study is to construct a comprehensive badminton training program to improve the factors that affect the badminton performance of badminton students majoring in sports training.

Methodology: The subjects of this study are badminton students majoring in sports training at Xi'an Physical Education University. The total sample size of this study is 221 people. 60 students were selected by systematic sampling, including 30 males and 30 females, and 21 experts were selected by snowball sampling, including 18 males and 3 females. The main research methods are the literature method, questionnaire survey method, Delphi method, and ANOVA analysis method. The instruments used in this study are:1. Comprehensive badminton training program.2. Expert questionnaire.3. Physical fitness test.4. Badminton skill test.5. Psychological test. Data such as mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA test statistics were used in the study.

Results: The results of this study found that: 1. Through the literature method and the questionnaire survey of experts, the factors affecting badminton performance were determined to be physical fitness, skills, tactics, psychology, and warm-up, and the badminton comprehensive training program was determined to consist of five parts: warm-up, physical fitness, skills, tactics, and psychology through the Delphi method. 2. By setting up the experimental analysis results, it was found that the use of traditional training programs did not significantly change the impact of badminton specialty students' performance factors. 3. By setting up the experimental analysis results, it was found that the experimental group had a significant change in the impact of the badminton comprehensive training program on the performance factors of badminton specialty students.

Conclusion: The study concluded that a comprehensive badminton training program, which includes warm-up, physical fitness, skills, tactics, and psychology, significantly improves performance factors in badminton students when compared to traditional training programs, which had no significant effect. This demonstrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive, methodologically developed training approach in improving badminton performance.

Guidelines for Gymnasium Management of Tianhe District Guangzhou City the People’s Republic of China

Huiwen Huang , Suvachai Rittisom — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The facility that people are very interested in right now and which has quite a bit of problems in the current era is the Tianer County Gymnasium because this gymnasium is not perfect in its condition. The gymnasium may be too old, and in rather dilapidated condition, the equipment inside the gymnasium is incomplete, waiting for repairs to bring it up to date and be able to be used completely by those requesting to use it. The Objective is qualitative research and aims to present a guideline for study and create guidelines for Gymnasium Management in Tianhe district China.

Materials and Methods: The research interviewed 19 experts with a theory of Bridge and Roquemore planning, organizing, Implementing, and controlling. The sample of purpose was 19 persons. The present presidents of sports were current or experienced 4 persons. Gymnasium management working for 3 years were 5 persons, Gymnasium operators with 3 years of experience, 5 persons, and 5 persons who use the service with at least 3 years of experience. The 5-level estimation data were sent to experts in rounds 2 and 3 to conduct a focus group to find consensus, confirm the guidelines, and summarize the guidelines Delphi technique research uses the median and Interquartile (IR).

Results: The study and the creation of management guidelines for Tianhe City Gymnasium in Planning (Manager) that 1. strategic plan 2. policy 3. SWOT (Person) 4. People suitable for the job 5. Develop 6. Discipline (Academics) 7. Work reform 8. Training 9. Research 10. Work visits (Budget) 11. Plan budget use 12. Materials and equipment 13. income and expenses Organization (Manager) that 1. Structure 2. Marketing mix 3. Take care of users (Person) 4. Work teams 5. Safety department 6. Emergency Unit (Academic) 7. Organizing of structure 8. Provide income (Budget) 9. Budget structure 10. Worker bonus Implementing (Manager) that 1. Appoint a supervisor 2. Networking 3. Use of foreign languages (Person) 4. Professional 5. Honest and polite 6. Know the Innovation area (Academic) 7. Used current innovations 8. Accept change 9. Develop yourself (Budget) 10. Study income and expenses 11. Analyze income and expenses. Controlling (Manager) that 1. process evaluation system 2. Monitor and inspect 3. Promote Employees (Person) 4. Assess progress 5. Learn to evaluate 6. Practice evaluating (Academics) 7. Learn theory and practice 8. Solve problems into (Budgets) 9. Know financial regulations 10. Study to financial 11. Protect the organization's interests.

Conclusion: The management guidelines for Tianhe City Gymnasium focus on creating a strategic plan, establishing policies, and conducting a SWOT analysis during the planning phase. Organizational aspects include structuring, marketing, user care, and budgeting. Implementation covers appointing supervisors, networking, and embracing innovation. Controlling involves evaluating processes, monitoring performance, and adhering to financial regulations. This comprehensive approach ensures the gymnasium operates efficiently, meets community needs, and remains financially sustainable.

Developing Dance Exercise Model for the Elderly

Jihong Zhao , Suvachai Rittisom — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Creating a dance exercise model for the elderly is important because it improves physical fitness, balance, and flexibility while also promoting mental well-being by lowering stress and cognitive decline. It also encourages social interaction, which reduces feelings of isolation and improves overall quality of life. Thus, the study aimed to develop a dance exercise model tailored for the elderly population in Guangdong Province through qualitative research.

Materials and Methods: The research employed interviews with 19 experts, guided by Buridge and Rickeymore’s theory of managerial functions in organizational planning. The study involved selecting a specific sample group, including presidents of dance associations (past or present) with at least 5 years of experience (4 participants), dance instructors with 5 years of teaching experience (5 participants), dance champions with 3 years of experience (5 participants), and individuals with 5 years of experience in exercise (5 participants). The data was evaluated on a 5-point scale, and the Delphi technique was used for consensus building through two subsequent rounds of expert meetings, utilizing median statistics (MDN) and interquartile range (IR) for data analysis.

Results: The research identified several key elements in the development of a strategic planning model, including policy formulation, SWOT analysis, TOWS Matrix, and the design of dance steps and training processes. The model also emphasized the importance of establishing appropriate values, creating motivation, reducing the risk of disease, and fostering leadership and teamwork. The study recommended organizing training systems to measure physical fitness, practicing basic ballroom and Latin dance, and ensuring appropriate practices both indoors and outdoors. The involvement of nurses in monitoring participants' health, stress management, and vision-focused leadership was also highlighted. The dance exercise model for the elderly included warm-up and cool-down routines, balance practice, stress tests, SATST tests, and a rhythm-based practice sequence. The study also recommended measuring pulse rates before and after exercise, assessing team potential, and maintaining good health. The model was further refined through group discussions with health experts, leading to an improved dance form. Pre- and post-dance physical tests, evaluations using the PDCA cycle, and nurse-supervised adjustments to balance and exercise size were included to ensure appropriate dance forms and effective post-evaluations.

Conclusion: The study successfully developed a comprehensive dance exercise model for the elderly that integrates strategic planning, health monitoring, and physical fitness practices, providing a structured approach to promoting health and well-being among the elderly in Guangdong Province.

Research on Dongjiang Lake Culture and History and Dongjiang Fish Product Packaging

Fanghong Huang , Saowaluck Phanthabutr — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Dongjiang Lake is representative of the ecological culture and tourism culture of the Nanling Mountains. Dongjiang fish is renowned for being produced in the lake. As people pay attention to cultural protection and economic development, innovative product packaging has become an important way to promote both. This study aims to explore and record the cultural and historical elements of Dongjiang Lake, identify and analyze the problems existing in Dongjiang fish packaging, and develop innovative packaging designs that integrate cultural themes to improve the market competitiveness of these products, thereby promoting local economic development. Through historical document research, archival research, and field investigations, relevant data were collected and analyzed to provide theoretical support for Dongjiang Lake and its fish product packaging.

Materials and Methods: This study used a combination of historical document analysis, archival research, and field investigations to collect and analyze data to fully understand the cultural heritage of Dongjiang Lake and the current status of fish product packaging.

Results: The study showed that the current packaging style is not enough to convey the unique cultural and historical narrative of Dongjiang Lake. It is recommended to incorporate key cultural symbols such as the Shennong legend and the picturesque landscape into the new packaging design.

Conclusion: The researchers developed Dongjiang fish product packaging that integrates cultural and historical elements, which is not only expected to improve the market appeal of Dongjiang fish products but also help protect and promote the cultural heritage of Dongjiang Lake, thereby supporting local tourism and economic growth.

Developing Dance Sport Model for Children Aged 7-12

Qiaofeng Liu — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Dance Sport is important because it promotes physical fitness, coordination, and artistic expression while instilling discipline and teamwork. It also increases the cultural value of dance by making it a competitive, professional sport with global recognition and participation. The study aimed to develop a dance exercise model specifically tailored for children aged 7-12 in Guangdong Province through qualitative research.

Materials and Methods: The research employed interviews with 19 experts, guided by Buridge and Rickeymore’s theory of managerial functions in organizational planning. The study selected a sample group that included dance association leaders with at least 5 years of experience (4 participants), dance instructors with 5 years of teaching experience (5 participants), children’s dance champions with 3 years of experience (5 participants), and fitness professionals with 5 years of experience working with children (5 participants). Data was evaluated on a 5-point scale, and the Delphi technique was utilized for consensus building through two rounds of expert meetings, using median statistics (MDN) and interquartile range (IR) for data analysis.

Results: The research identified key elements in the development of a strategic planning model for children's dance exercise programs, including policy formulation, SWOT analysis, the use of the TOWS Matrix, and the design of dance steps and training sequences appropriate for children. The model emphasized fostering motivation, promoting physical development, reducing the risk of childhood obesity, and encouraging leadership and teamwork among young participants. The study recommended organizing training systems to measure children's physical fitness, practicing basic ballroom and Latin dance styles, and ensuring a balanced mix of indoor and outdoor activities. Health and safety protocols, such as having medical personnel available during sessions, were also emphasized. The model included warm-up and cool-down routines, balance practice, stress management techniques, and rhythm-based training sequences tailored to children’s developmental needs. Additionally, the research recommended monitoring heart rates before and after exercise, evaluating children’s physical capabilities, and promoting overall well-being. Through group discussions with pediatric health experts, the model was further refined to better address the needs of children in this age group. Pre- and post-exercise physical tests, evaluations using the PDCA cycle, and adjustments to training intensity and balance were implemented to ensure a safe and effective dance program for children.

Conclusion: The study successfully developed a comprehensive dance exercise model for children aged 7-12, integrating strategic planning, health monitoring, and physical fitness practices. This model provides a structured approach to promoting physical health, coordination, and emotional well-being among children in Guangdong Province.

Development of Evaluation Model for 3X3 Basketball Referee Performance in the People’s Republic of China

Yang Zhou, Chanchai Siriphan, Wisute Tongdecharoen — Thu, 20 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: The proficiency of basketball referees' judgment not only directly impacts the technical and tactical aspects of the sport but also significantly influences the development of good sportsmanship within teams. Consequently, basketball referees play a crucial role in promoting the advancement of modern basketball, aiming for higher standards in terms of speed, accuracy, and overall health. Therefore, this research aims to develop an evaluation model for 3X3 basketball referee performance in the People’s Republic of China.

Materials and Methods: This study is a mixed-methods research. The participants of this study can be divided into the following four groups: (1) 288 referees from Chinese basketball were selected to participate in the questionnaire; (2) 7 experts were invited for in-depth interviews; (3) 19 experts were invited to participate in two rounds of Delphi studies; and (4) 9 experts were invited to discuss and confirm the evaluation index model for the officiating performance of Chinese three-on-three basketball referees. The data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while consensus data was analyzed using median and CV, with the set standard being median ≥ 3.50 and CV ≤ 0.25.

Results: The evaluation index model for the officiating performance of Chinese three-on-three basketball referees consists of 2 first-level indicators from theoretical classification, which are: (A) Assessment and evaluation scores; (B) Training and recommendation scores, and also includes 5 second-level indicators and 19 third-level indicators.

Conclusion: After expert discussion by the connoisseurship method, the evaluation model for 3X3 basketball referee performance was confirmed, and all indicators in the developed evaluation model can be preserved.

Development of Just-in-Time Teaching Model to Enhance Aerobics Dance Learning Outcomes for Physical Education Majors at Normal University

GongMei Zhao , Chanchai Siriphan, XianYu Gu — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aims: In the context of the development of the digital information age, higher education needs to carry out information teaching and innovation. In the aerobics course of physical education major in normal universities, Students were required not only to master the basic knowledge and technical skills of aerobics but also to have the application ability of information technology and the innovation ability, which were neglected in the current aerobics dance teaching. This study aims to develop a Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) model to enhance the quality of aerobics dance teaching.

Materials and Methods: In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 24 teachers of aerobics dance and 327 aerobics students among 2160 students in 6 normal universities in Guizhou Province using the Taro Yamane method.; Secondly, 7 experts were interviewed to discuss the status quo of aerobics dance teaching in normal colleges in Guizhou province; Thirdly, 19 Delphi experts conducted two rounds of consensus, and the IQR < 1.5, the median >3.5, and the theJust-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) model elements were selected. Finally, 9 focus group experts explored the drafting of the aerobics dance Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) model; Finally, 9 experts participated in the Connoisseurship and using a five-point scale, confirmed the aerobics dance Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) model.

Results: This study constructed the aerobics dance Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) model, The conclusion includes 3 core categories: cognitive construction of knowledge skills, internalization enhancement of knowledge skills, consolidation sublimation of knowledge skills, including 9 first-level elements, 20 second-level elements, and 72 third-level elements.

Conclusions: The 3 core categories of the aerobics Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) teaching model were to form a benign closed-loop teaching model of continuous improvement. Experts agree that the constructed aerobics Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) teaching model has obvious advantages and potential in terms of frame structure, constituent elements, information adaptation, and the conformity of normal school students' training standards.

The Effects of Sand Surface Floor Training on the Physical Fitness and Skills of Novice Taekwondo Students

Xiaoyu Xie , Wisute Tongdecharoen, Nopporn Tisniana — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Sand surface training improves physical fitness and skills in various sports, while other studies indicate that Taekwondo training specifically enhances cardiopulmonary and muscle endurance but no other fitness factors. This research objective was to develop the sand surface training program to improve physical fitness and taekwondo skills and to compare the mean effects of the sand surface training program between the control and experimental groups. And to compare mean effects with the experimental group, pretest, mid-test, and posttest.

Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with forty participants, 20 of whom were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. A pretest was then given to evaluate the subjects' characteristics, taekwondo abilities, and physical fitness. After that, they had eight weeks of sand surface floor training and 60 minutes of tree day/week (M-W-F). In another way, a traditional program was conducted in the control group and a post-training test with a mid-test and post-test. Data analysis methods comprised mean and standard deviation, independent t-tests, within the experimental group by one-way ANOVA repeated measurement, and Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparisons (*p<.05).

Results: The result found that: 1) The mean comparison showed a significant difference (*p<.05) between experimental and control groups in taekwondo skills (front kick, round kick, and push kick) and physical fitness (reaction time, Y balance test, T-test, standing long jump, sit up 30 sec, and sit and reach). And 2) Mean comparison within experimental groups, taekwondo skills, and physical fitness pairwise were significant differences (*p<.05).

Conclusion: The study found that sand surface training can considerably improve novice taekwondo practitioners' physical fitness and abilities. The unique challenges given by sand's unstable and resistive nature resulted in gains in numerous fitness components such as strength, power, balance, flexibility, and reaction time. Furthermore, the training resulted in improved execution of taekwondo-specific abilities such as front, round, and push kicks. The good findings in this study significantly encourage the use of sand surface training in taekwondo programs, particularly for rookie students, to enhance their overall growth and performance.

Development of Optimal Performance Indicators for Chinese Youth Badminton Players

ShiCheng Xiao , Pattarapon Mahakhan, Nopporn Tasnaina — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and aim: The badminton program is one of the strongest sports in China. In recent years, it has been faced with two challenges, such as the problem of cultivating Chinese junior badminton athletes and the pressure of international competition brought by the rapid progress of junior athletes from Thailand, Denmark, India, and other countries. This study aims to establish the evaluation system of youth badminton performance is crucial to providing scientific, systematic, and comparable data and suggestions for the General Administration of Sport of China and the development of badminton in China.

Methods: This study used the questionnaire method to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the performance of Chinese junior badminton athletes. The whole population sampling method was used to sample the youth badminton athletes and coaches in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and 400 questionnaires were valid, including 265 males and 135 females. The Delphi method was used to screen and construct the evaluation indexes of the best sports performance of Chinese youth badminton athletes. 19 people, including professors, national coaches, and high-level athletes, formed a panel of experts, and the evaluation indexes were discussed and screened in two rounds.

Results: The results showed that the factors affecting the performance of Chinese junior badminton athletes were five aspects, including the length of athletes' training, the level of coaches' training, the level of athletes' grades, the athletes' best performance, and the athletes' situation. The evaluation indexes of Chinese youth badminton athletes' best performance include three primary indexes: physical quality, competitive strength, and game performance; seven secondary indexes: body form, physical function, physical quality, technical ability, tactical ability, psychological ability, and motor intelligence; and seventy-one tertiary indexes, such as lung capacity, one-minute pull-ups, badminton slamming, and self-control ability.

Conclusion: The factors affecting the performance of Chinese junior badminton athletes are complex and diverse. A three-level multidimensional evaluation index of the best sports performance of Chinese junior badminton athletes was constructed to provide a scientific basis for the training of Chinese junior badminton athletes and to provide reference data for the General Administration of Sport of China to formulate badminton development policies.

Effects of Lower Limb Strength Training Program on Wushu Taijiquan Balance for Athletes in Lanzhou City

Junfeng Wang, Chanchai Siriphan, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Taijiquan is a kind of martial arts routine that contains both the connotation of fighting and combines with the performance posture. It has an extensive river basin and many factions. Its technical points are often very abstract, such as virtual collar, back pull, waist loose, shoulder heavy, wrist suspension, etc., which is difficult to quantify and describe with objective indicators, it is difficult for beginners to master, the training quality is difficult to evaluate, and the training effect cannot be guaranteed. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a lower limb strength training program on the balance of Wushu Taijiquan in Lanzhou athletes.

Materials and Methods: This study is quasi-experimental. The study can be divided into five study groups. (1) 50 Wushu Taijiquan athletes aged 18-21, and 6 Wushu Taijiquan coaches were selected from Lanzhou University Wushu Club, all of whom were interviewed. (2) Interview 6 coaches to understand the current situation and problems, (3) consult 5 experts, accept face-to-face and telephone email, and (4) analyze the martial arts training plan through the focus group discussion results of 12 experts. (5) The experiment was conducted by using the lower limb strength training method for 8 weeks. The training time is three days a week, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 90 minutes each week. The experiments were performed using standard means of variance, one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), and t-test. A questionnaire survey is a tool for collecting data.

Result: Stand on one foot with your eyes closed and the third test was. The first result of the Cross the boundary with single leg jump is, and the third test result is. It can be seen that both the mean and the standard deviation have increased significantly. It shows that the balance ability of Wushu Taijiquan athletes can be improved, and the 0.05 level is statistically significant. Consistent with the interpretation of the study

Conclusion: The results showed that both the mean and the standard deviation of the test items were significantly improved. Multiple method comparisons of single-legged standing with closed eyes and cross-boundary single-leg jumping showed significant anterior, middle, and posterior tests with P <0.001, indicating a more significant improvement in performance during the experimental intervention.

The Development of the Sustainable Management Model and Its Implementation on the Operation of Amateur Table Tennis Clubs in Guangzhou

Meiling An, Kanit Kheovichai, Wanwisa Bungmark — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: This study explores the development and implementation of the ‘GROW-SWOT’ model combined with the 4M Management Theory and McKinsey 7S Model based on the current operational challenges faced by amateur table tennis clubs in Guangzhou. The aim is to establish a new model and assess the feasibility of the model for the operation of amateur table tennis clubs in Guangzhou by analyzing the current situation.

Materials and Methods: This study adopts the R&D methodology, and the study population is managers, coaches, and consumers of amateur table tennis clubs in Guangzhou. Questionnaires were distributed to 377 consumers of all ages participating in amateur table tennis clubs in Guangzhou City, and interviews were conducted with 15 club managers, 10 coaches, and 5 consumers, which were combined with SWOT analysis, questionnaire data analysis, and content analysis of the interviews to find out the key factors affecting the club's operation.

Results: The study's results show that the newly established CPECDS model identifies six key factors: Consumer needs, Policy utilization, Economic environment, Competition organization, Digital technology, and Structure of organization. Invite 9 experts in related fields to conduct connoisseurship and interview 15 stakeholders (5 managers, 5 coaches, and 5 consumers) to evaluate the feasibility of the CPECDS Model and the importance of its factors, to help clubs achieve sustainable development in a competitive market.

Conclusion: The feasibility of the CPECDS model and the importance of its factors were evaluated and determined by inviting 9 experts in the relevant fields for forensics and interviewing 15 stakeholders (5 managers, 5 coaches, and 5 consumers), which can help clubs to achieve sustainable development in a highly competitive market.

Developing of Evaluation Index System for MuayThai Skills in Sport University, People’s Republic of China

Yu Zhu, Onemai Prapanbundit, Prakit Hongseanyatham — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Muaythai, as a popular sport among the Chinese people and an emerging sport favored by sports universities, does not have a systematic and scientific evaluation index system for Muaythai skills. A practical and systematic evaluation index system of Muaythai skills in sports universities can promote the improvement of Muaythai skill teaching effect, standardize the assessment of university students' skill mastery, and promote the enthusiasm of Muaythai enthusiasts for self-control learning. Therefore, based on the characteristics and requirements of Muaythai skill, this study combines the skill evaluation model of Chinese combat programs to formulate the Muaythai skill evaluation index system of Chinese sports universities, which will provide a theoretical basis for improving the status quo of the Muaythai skill evaluation system of Chinese sports universities, standardizing the Muaythai skill assessment and contributing to the practical value for the promotion and development of Muaythai programs.

Materials and Methods: The research mainly adopts a questionnaire survey method. Among them, a small number of 38 Chinese professors, Thai university teachers, and Muaythai experts with deputy senior professional titles or more than 5 years of Muaythai experience. Through interviews with 7 experts, the skill characteristics and movements of Muaythai were confirmed by 5 International Olympic Committee experts. Consistency verification of Delphi tables. Through the MDN and IQR obtained from the scores of 19 Delphi experts, the skill evaluation indicators of China Sports University were screened and a Muaythai skill evaluation table was constructed. Through appreciation analysis, the scientificity and applicability of the research process and results were verified. Descriptive statistics provide an overall description.

Results: Through research, the Muaythai skill evaluation index system of China Sports University was constructed, which includes 4 first-level indicators, 35 second-level indicators, and 175 third-level indicators. It can accurately evaluate the Muaythai skills of China Sports University.

Conclusion: The results of this research not only have important theoretical value for the standardization of Chinese Muay Thai skills but are also highly practical. In subsequent research, we plan to conduct field testing and verification at Xi’an Physical University, Chengdu Sport University, Wuhan Sports University, and other sports universities, and further improve and enrich the evaluation index system based on the test results.

Guidelines Policy of Sports Parks Management in Fuzhou

Dezhuo Sun, Niwat Boonsom, Kanit Kheovichai — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: As the public's demand for sports and fitness continues to grow, the importance of sports parks is becoming more apparent. However, there are currently many problems in the management of sports parks in Fuzhou, which urgently need to be improved and upgraded. To improve the management of sports parks in Fuzhou, the objectives of this study are 1) to study the current situation of sports parks in Fuzhou,2) to propose the guidelines policy of sports parks management in Fuzhou,3) to validate the feasibility of the guidelines policy of sports parks management in Fuzhou.

Materials and Methods: This paper takes seven sports parks in Fuzhou City as the research object and uses questionnaires and interviews, focus group discussions, and other research tools to investigate 14 managers, 97 employees, 379 children’s consumers, and 386 adult consumers in Fuzhou City Sports Park. SPSS software was used to analyze the obtained questionnaire data with descriptive statistics. In addition, the results of the study were validated and evaluated by a connoisseurship of 9 experts and a focus group discussion of 14 stakeholders to verify the feasibility and appropriateness of the study.

Results: The results of the study show that sports parks in Fuzhou City have 10 advantages, such as sufficient venues, but also 12 disadvantages, such as insufficient services. Sports parks also face six opportunities, such as government support, and six threats, such as insufficient promotion and publicity. A guidelines policy for sports parks management in Fuzhou City is proposed, which includes 28 policies in five dimensions: service management, operation management, personnel management, safety management, and operation management. The guidelines policy has been validated and evaluated through connoisseurship and focus group discussions and has been recognized as feasible and appropriate by experts and relevant stakeholders.

Conclusion: The study shows that the guiding policy is appropriate, feasible, and necessary, and has a positive contribution to improving the management level of sports parks in Fuzhou City, enhancing service quality and consumer satisfaction, and can provide theoretical references for the management of sports parks in Fuzhou City.

Development of Wushu Changquan Training Program of Students Aged Between 8-10 Years

Shiyuan Cao, Permporn Buppavong, Wisute Tongdecharoen — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: There are many problems in traditional wushu, such as rigid teaching methods. Some traditional wushu teaching methods are too rigid and difficult to adapt to the needs and learning methods of modern students, resulting in poor learning outcomes; Lack of systematicity and scientificity, traditional wushu may lack systematicity and scientificity in teaching Changquan, making it difficult for students to understand the principles and theories behind it, which affects their learning and practice. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a specialized plan for Chang Quan training for students aged 8-10.

Results: After 8 weeks of systematic training, the student's proficiency in Chang Quan techniques and physical fitness have significantly improved, proving the feasibility and effectiveness of the training plan. Specifically manifested in the following aspects: (1) Changquan technique level: Students have made significant progress in basic skills such as horse steps, archery steps, virtual steps, regular punches, hook punches, and swing punches, and their movements are more standardized and stable. Through the study of complete Chang Quan routines, students' fluency, coordination, and sense of rhythm in their movements have also been improved. (2) Physical fitness: Running, skipping rope, push-ups, sit-ups, and other exercises in physical training have improved students' cardiovascular function, strength, endurance, and flexibility, enhancing their comprehensive physical fitness. (4) Technical details: Through the guidance and correction of teachers' details, students' movements have become more standardized and precise, and their overall technical level has been improved.

Conclusion: This article improves traditional training methods and achieves significant training results by developing a Longquan training plan for students aged 8-10, combining modern educational theory and Longquan professional theory. Research has shown that a scientifically reasonable training plan can effectively improve students' proficiency in Chang Quan techniques and physical fitness, and cultivate wushu ethics and teamwork spirit.

Teaching Chinese Characters: The Challenges and Strategies of Addressing the Unique Aspects of Chinese Characters and Exploring Effective Pedagogical Approaches

Mingliang Wang — Fri, 21 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background and Aim: Learning the Chinese language can be challenging but acquiring the characters is probably the most difficult. Teachers and students are likely to face various challenges in their journey to learn and master Chinese characters. This study examined the unique aspects of teaching Chinese characters and explored effective pedagogical approaches. The study also suggested specific pedagogical approaches that teachers can use in the classroom to make learning more effective.

Materials and Methods: Data was collected using a systematic review of previous articles. A total of 80 articles were obtained from various databases, including ERIC, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and JSTOR. The articles were reduced to 23 based on the inclusion criteria that were used to remove duplicate articles, irrelevant topics, and dates falling outside the 10 years. The PRISMA model helped in evaluating and removing articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria.

Results: Findings indicate that the main challenges involved in teaching Chinese characters include unique features of the characters taking longer to teach and master, tonal complexity, logographic language system, radical and phonetics complexity, difficulty in selecting pedagogical strategies, and student-related challenges.

Conclusion: The pedagogical approaches that teachers can use in the classrooms include the phenomenographic approach, traditional approach, innovative approach, character-centered approach, and meaning-centered approach. The study suggests a combination of phenomenographic and innovative strategies as the most effective pedagogical approaches.