Post-Ukraine-Crisis World Order: Alternative Futures in the International Political Economy
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper addressed the problem of the Ukraine crisis according to which the aftermath of the conflict ushers in alternative futures based on the alliances of economic and political forces in the world. It raised the query related to the repercussion of the Ukraine crisis to the nascent world order. This case study employed the qualitative research design that resorted to document analysis emanating from mainstream, alternative, and social media news reportage, reflecting divergent perspectives. It presented alternative futures before us, which converts the challenges into prospects toward inclusive development in the world at the end of the Ukraine crisis. The study focused on possible post-Ukraine crisis scenarios: one, the unipolar hegemon maintains its grip on the global economy; two, post-Cold War global harmony; three, China and Russia emerge as new centers of global economic power; and four, the non-aligned countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America assert a non-aligned multipolar world in which they will benefit from slices of the global pie. Each incipient system in the international political economy shall have different front-runners and losers.
Article Details
References
AP News. (2023, February 15). War in Ukraine at 1 year: Pain, resilience in global economy. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-economic-impact-ef6e4c4443743ccbf7740892fb0b4f3b
Aristotle. (2009). The politics (E. Barker & R. F. Stalley, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
BBC News. (2014, April 23). Ukraine’s sharp divisions. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26387353
Billington, M. (2022, June 11). EDITORIAL: Join Mission Impossible! America, Russia and China Can Achieve Peace Through Development. Executive Intelligence Review. https://larouchepub.com/other/editorials/2022/4924-join_mission_impossible_americ.html
Brakey, E. (2023a, March 28). Maine State Senator Tells the Truth About the Ukraine War – The PeaceWorker. https://peaceworker.org/2023/03/maine-state-senator-tells-the-truth-about-the-ukraine-war/
Brakey, E. (2023b, March 29). From the Desk of Sen. Eric Brakey: Remarks on Ukraine from the Maine Senate—DailyClout. https://dailyclout.io/from-the-desk-of-sen-eric-brakey-remarks-on-ukraine-from-the-maine-senate/
Britannica. (2023). Ukraine | History, Flag, Population, President, Map, Language, & Facts | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine
Byrne, C. (2020). Securing the ‘Rules-Based Order’ in the Indo-Pacific: The Significance of Strategic Narrative. 16(3), 10–15.
Confucius. (2000). The Analects (R. Dawson, Ed.). Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2015). 30 Essential Skills for the Qualitative Researcher. SAGE Publications.
Cynthia, R., Armijo, L., & Katada, S. (2017). Introduction (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697518.003.0001
Danziger, J. N. (2016). Understanding the political world: A comparative introduction to political science. Pearson.
Denécé, E. (2022, May 26). The Ukraine Conflict Could Have and Should Have Been Avoided. Proceedings of the Conference: US and European Military and Security Experts Warn: The Insanity of Politicians Threatens Nuclear War. https://larouchepub.com/other/2022/4922-the_ukraine_conflict_could_hav.html
DW. (2023, March 27). A new world order? BRICS nations offer alternative to West – DW – 03/27/2023. https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-world-order-brics-nations-provide-an-alternative-to-the-west/a-65124269
Executive Intelligence Review. (2022a, June 10). INTERVIEW: Lt. Col. Ralph Bosshard (ret.) An Expert Military View of Why NATO and Russia Are at War. https://larouchepub.com/other/interviews/2022/4923-an_expert_military_view_of_why.html
Executive Intelligence Review. (2022b, June 10). Schiller Institute Memorandum: It Was Not ‘Unprovoked Russian Aggression’: Chronology Shows Decades of NATO Aggression. https://larouchepub.com/other/2022/4923-it_was_not_unprovoked_russian.html
Friedman, M., & Friedman, R. D. (1990). Free to choose: A personal statement (1st Harvest/HBJ ed). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Gaddis, J. L. (2006). The Cold War: A New History. Penguin Books.
George Washington University. (2023). NATO Expansion: What Gorbachev Heard | National Security Archive. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2017-12-12/nato-expansion-what-gorbachev-heard-western-leaders-early
Glaser, B. G. (2007). Constructivist grounded theory? Historical Social Research, Supplement(19), 93–105.
Glaser, B. G. (2008). Doing Quantitative Grounded Theory. Sociology Press.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine.
Global Times. (2022, June 14). GT Investigates: Western freelance journalists expose NATO propaganda fomenting Ukraine crisis, suffer merciless attacks by ‘civilized’ West - Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202206/1268125.shtml
Goldschmidt, P. G. (1984). Long Term Planning: The Alternative Futures Approach. In W. van Eimeren, R. Engelbrecht, &
C. D. Flagle (Eds.), Third International Conference on System Science in Health Care (pp. 33–38). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69939-9_8
Goldstein, J., & Pevehouse, J. C. (2020). International Relations, Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited.
Henderson, H. (1996). Creating alternative futures: The end of economics. Kumarian Press.
Henig, R. (2019). The Peace That Never Was: A History of the League of Nations. Haus Publishing.
Hoffman, F. (2007). Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
Howey, W. (2022, April 12). What does the Ukraine crisis mean for the US? Economist Intelligence Unit. https://www.eiu.com/n/what-does-the-ukraine-crisis-mean-for-the-us/
IMF Blog. (2022, March 15). How War in Ukraine Is Reverberating Across World’s Regions. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/03/15/blog-how-war-in-ukraine-is-reverberating-across-worlds-regions-031522
Iqbal, B. A. (2022). BRICS as a Driver of Global Economic Growth and Development. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 14(1), 7–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/09749101211067096
Jenkins, B. M. (2023, March 7). Consequences of the War in Ukraine: The Economic Fallout [The Rand Blog]. https://www.rand.org/blog/2023/03/consequences-of-the-war-in-ukraine-the-economic-fallout.html
Johnson, M. S., & Steams, P. (2022). Education In World History. Routledge.
Kautilya. (2016). King, governance, and law in ancient India: Kautilya’s Arthasastra (P. Olivelle, Trans.; First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback). Oxford University Press.
Keohane, R. (1994). After Hegemony. Princeton University Press.
Keynes, J. M. (1964). The general theory of employment, interest, and money (1st Harvest/HBJ ed). Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
Larkins, J. (2009). From Hierarchy to Anarchy: Territory and Politics before Westphalia. Palgrave MacMillan.
LaRouche Organization. (2022). About | The LaRouche Organization. https://laroucheorganization.com/about
Lindblom, C. E. (1977). Politics and Markets: The World’s Political-Economic Systems. Basic Books.
Malthus, T. R. (2010). An essay on the principle of population. IAP.
Marangos, J. (2020). International development and the Washington consensus (1st Edition). Routledge.
Marx, K., Engels, F., Moore, S., & Marx, K. (1967). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. International Publishers Co., Inc.
Masters, J. (2023, February 14). Ukraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of Europe and Russia. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/ukraine-conflict-crossroads-europe-and-russia
McCormick, T. J. (1990). World Systems. Journal of American History, 77, 128.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th edition). Jossey-Bass.
Nuruzzaman, M. (2020). Why BRICS Is No Threat to the Post-war Liberal World Order. International Studies, 57(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881719884449
Pavicevic, A. (2022, July 18). BRICS Expansion: Five New Members in 2023? Impakter. https://impakter.com/brics-expansion-five-new-members-in-2023/
Pettinger, T. (2022, August 2). Impact of Russian sanctions on Europe and the West. Economics Help. https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/170661/economics/impact-of-russian-sanctions-on-europe-and-the-west/
Piketty, T. (2017). Capital in the twenty-first century (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Plato. (2007). The Republic (H. D. P. Lee, Trans.; Second edition). Penguin Books.
Prange, A. (2023, April 10). A new world order? BRICS nations offer alternative to West – DW. https://www.dw.com/en/a-new-world-order-brics-nations-offer-alternative-to-west/a-65124269
Pressenza. (2022, June 14). IFOR: We stand in solidarity with those who refuse to engage in the war in Ukraine and in all other wars. Pressenza. https://www.pressenza.com/2022/06/ifor-we-stand-in-solidarity-with-those-who-refuse-to-engage-in-the-war-in-ukraine-and-in-all-other-wars/
Responsible Statecraft. (2023, March 13). Mainer going viral for passionate speech against Ukraine resolution. https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2023/03/13/mainer-going-viral-for-passionate-speech-against-ukraine-resolution/
Ricardo, D., & Kolthammer, F. W. (2004). The principles of political economy and taxation. Dover Publications.
Samuelson, P. A. (1997). Economics: An introductory analysis. McGraw-Hill.
Smith, A. (2013). The wealth of nations. Publisher not identified.
The Schiller Institute. (2022). Our Activity | The Schiller Institute. https://schillerinstitute.com/our-activity/
Treaty. (1648). The Peace of Westphalia. Munster. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/301ModernEurope/Treaty%20of%20Westphalia%20%5BExcerpts%5D.pdf
Ty, R. (2022). Cold War 2.0 and The Ukraine Crisis: Causes, Effects, and Tasks Ahead. In Proceedings of the First Annual International Conference on Religion, Culture, Peace, and Education (pp. 144–149). Payap University Department of Peace Studies.
Ty, R. (2023a). Russia’s “Special Military Operation” in Ukraine: Divergent Narratives of the Conflict, Conflict Transformation, and Peacebuilding. Journal of Research for International Educators, 2(1), 17–35.
Ty, R. (2023b). Political culture and Clashing Narratives in the Ukraine Identity Politics. Proceedings of the Second Annual International Conference on Religion, Culture, Peace, and Education.
United Nations. (1945). Charter. United Nations.
Wall Street Mojo. (2022, June 16). BRICS Countries. WallStreetMojo. https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/brics-countries/
Wertz, F. J., Charmaz, McMullen, L. M., Josselson, R., Anderson, R., & McSpadden, E. (2011). Five Ways of Doing Qualitative Analysis: Phenomenological Psychology, Grounded Theory, Discourse Analysis, Narrative Research, and Intuitive Inquiry. The Guilford Press.
World Bank. (2022, October 4). Russian Invasion of Ukraine Impedes Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery in Emerging Europe and Central Asia [Text/HTML]. World Bank. https://doi.org/10/04/russian-invasion-of-ukraine-impedes-post-pandemic-economic-recovery-in-emerging-europe-and-central-asia
World BEYOND War. (2022, 20). Who We Are. World Beyond War. https://worldbeyondwar.org/who/
World Data. (2023, March 31). Members of the BRICS Countries. Worlddata.Info. https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/brics.php
Worth, O. (2015). Rethinking Hegemony. Palgrave.
Xia Lu, & Gao Lei. (2022, June 23). “BRICS+”: High-quality partnership for high-level global development—CGTN. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-06-23/-BRICS-High-quality-partnership-for-high-level-global-development-1b5MoHiWjYY/index.html
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.