The Roles of Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence in Educational Administration in the Digital Era: Innovations, Case Studies and Precautions

Abstract

This academic article aims to critically analyze the roles of information technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in restructuring educational administration during the era of digital transformation. It synthesizes three core areas: contemporary systemic innovations, comparative case studies between international and Thai educational contexts, and systemic precautions essential for policymakers and educational administrators. Employing an in-depth systematic literature synthesis approach, 35 high-quality documents from national and international databases (2016-2025) were analyzed under a four-dimensional conceptual framework encompassing data, automation, social justice, and transparency.

The synthesis reveals that AI has revolutionized educational management by shifting from reactive statistics to proactive predictive analytics. However, the contextual comparative analysis underscores that while international models successfully leverage technology to bridge educational gaps for vulnerable groups, the Thai context faces risks of exacerbating the digital divide and engendering systemic biases that could stigmatize underprivileged students if left unregulated. Furthermore, the intergenerational digital gap among educational personnel creates psychological resistance to the use of automated platforms. Consequently, this article proposes a three-tiered strategic framework: macro-level (establishing ethical AI frameworks and public-private partnerships), meso-level (formulating data ecology guidelines and disaster recovery plans), and micro-level (cultivating a data-driven culture and enhancing AI literacy). This strategic alignment ensures that AI serves as an information enabler while firmly preserving human agency and pedagogical empathy.