THE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL LEARNING ACTIVITIES INTEGRATED DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES

Abstract

This research aimed to 1) Develop history learning activities integrating democratic principles, and 2) Examine the outcomes of implementing such activities. It was applied research conducted through the following steps: 1) Analyzing learning standards and indicators in the History and Civic Duty strands of the Basic Education Core Curriculum B.E. 2551, to identify historical events across four social studies domains - economics, international relations, politics and governance, and society and culture; 2) Determining the topic and objectives for each activity; 3) Designing the learning activities; 4) Evaluating activity quality through consultation with ten experts in social studies, history, and curriculum and instruction; and 5) implementing the activities with a sample group of 30 volunteer students in Grades 4 - 6 at Boonyasrisawat School during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Research instruments included the history learning activities integrating democratic principles, and opinion questionnaires for both experts and students. Data were analyzed using mean ( ) and standard deviation (S.D.). The findings revealed that: 1) five history learning activities integrating democratic principles were developed, using the historical method as the core instructional approach; experts rated all activities as appropriate at the high to highest levels. 2) The majority of students passed the assessments for all activities. Only a minority failed two of the five activities - Activity 2 had 7 out of 28 students not passing (25%), and Activity 4 had 6 out of 30 students not passing (20%). Students expressed that the activities were enjoyable, hands-on, and beneficial