The Roles and Functions of the Department of Special Investigation in Addressing Complex Crimes in Thailand

Abstract

          This academic article examines the roles and functions of the Department of Special Investigation (DSI) in addressing complex crimes in Thailand. The study analyzes the legal framework governing the operation of the DSI under the Special Case Investigation Act B.E. 2547 (2004), as amended, particularly Section 21, which establishes the criteria for criminal cases to be investigated as special cases. Such cases generally involve complex criminal activities that may significantly affect public order, national security, the economic system, or involve transnational and organized crime. This study employs doctrinal legal research based on documentary analysis. It examines the institutional role of the DSI within the structure of the Ministry of Justice and analyzes the characteristics of offenses classified as special cases under the Notifications of the Special Case Committee (No. 8) B.E. 2565 (2022) and (No. 9) B.E. 2566 (2023). The findings indicate that the DSI plays an important role as a specialized investigative agency responsible for handling complex crimes that require particular investigative mechanisms beyond ordinary criminal investigations. The implementation of such legal mechanisms must operate under the principles of the rule of law, impartiality, and good governance in order to ensure effective law enforcement while protecting individual rights.