Environmental Design Strategies for Residential Spaces Targeting the Generation X Elderly Population

Abstract

Advances in medical care combined with declining birth rates have accelerated Thailand’s transition into a fully aged society, underscoring the increasing importance of residential environment design for older adults—particularly future older adults from Generation X, who value holistic quality of life, independence, and social participation. This article aims to synthesize the concepts of Active Ageing and Universal Design to develop design approaches for residential environments that respond to the needs of this emerging ageing group. Through a review of research studies, academic documents, and relevant case studies, the article constructs a conceptual framework for understanding the needs of new-generation older adults and identifying appropriate design strategies. The review reveals that integrating Active Ageing and Universal Design provides a more comprehensive response to the needs of Generation X than approaches focused solely on safety or convenience. This integrated perspective supports meaningful living, maintains personal autonomy, and promotes social engagement through seven key activity domains associated with older adults’ well-being. Meanwhile, case study analyses highlight persistent limitations in real residential environments, such as spatial layouts that do not correspond with daily activities, insufficient flexibility to accommodate age-related physical changes, and design elements that do not support long-term usability. The findings suggest that residential design for Generation X should prioritize spatial flexibility, support for social interaction, and the preservation of personal meaning, alongside the principles of Universal Design. Such an approach can foster environments that genuinely promote Active Ageing and contribute to the development of a high-quality and sustainable ageing society.