IF AN ABBOT WERE TO BE CHOSEN BY ELECTION: POSSIBILITIES, CHALLENGES, AND CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS

Abstract

This academic article aims to analyze the concept of applying an electoral system to the position of abbot within the context of the governance of the Thai Sangha. The study examines the meaning and principles of elections in a democratic system and compares them with the process of acquiring the position of abbot as stipulated in the Sangha Act B.E. 2505 (1962), as amended (No. 2) B.E. 2535 (1992). It further considers the feasibility, obstacles, risks, and conditions for the successful implementation of such a system in practice. The study employs documentary research and conceptual analysis by examining relevant Sangha legislation, principles of democratic governance, good governance concepts, and related academic literature. These are analyzed in comparison with the governance structure of the Sangha and the principles of Buddhist monastic discipline (Dhamma–Vinaya). The findings indicate that although elections function as an important mechanism for enhancing legitimacy and participation in state political systems, the application of an electoral system to the selection of abbots faces significant legal and structural limitations within the Sangha context. Moreover, such a system entails risks of internal conflicts within temples, factionalism, popularity-seeking behavior, and the erosion of moral and disciplinary values, which may undermine the unity and stability of the Sangha as a whole. Accordingly, this article argues that if the election of abbots is to be implemented, it would require clear legal amendments, strict qualification criteria grounded in the Dhamma–Vinaya, a transparent selection process, and a defined supervisory role for ecclesiastical authorities. Under the current legal and social context, the appointment system remains more appropriate than direct elections; however, it should be further developed to enhance transparency and accountability.