AN ANALYSIS OF THAILAND’S ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)

Abstract

This research article aims to: 1) analyze the content and directions of Thailand’s environmental policies related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); 2) evaluate the level of alignment between Thailand’s environmental policies and the goals and indicators of the SDGs; and 3) examine the problems, obstacles, and factors influencing the implementation of environmental policies within the Thai context, as well as propose approaches for enhancing the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of environmental policies in accordance with the SDG framework. This study employed a qualitative research methodology. The key informants consisted of 15 purposively selected participants, including senior government officials, environmental and SDG experts, and representatives from non-governmental organizations. The main research instrument was a semi-structured interview, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings reveal that the content and directions of Thailand’s environmental policies over the past decade demonstrate clear linkages to several SDGs, particularly Goal 13 (Climate Action), Goal 14 (Life Below Water), and Goal 15 (Life on Land). However, the assessment of the alignment between Thailand’s environmental policies and the SDG goals and indicators indicates that mechanisms, indicators, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks remain insufficiently defined, limiting the ability to measure tangible outcomes. The study also identifies several challenges and influencing factors in policy implementation, including constraints in budget and personnel, conflicts between economic development and environmental conservation, and limited public participation. Recommended approaches for enhancing environmental policy include developing SDG-aligned environmental indicators, strengthening participatory mechanisms across all sectors, promoting the integration of digital technologies in environmental management, and fostering collaborative networks at both national and international levels.