Analysis and Theoretical Support for Polyphonic Folk Songs : A Comparative Study Between Zhuang and Dong People in Guangxi, China DOI:

บทคัดย่อ

This study investigates the polyphonic folk songs of the Zhuang and Dong ethnic groups in Guangxi, China, focusing on their evolution, structure, and cultural significance. These multi-voice songs, which reflect the social, historical, and environmental contexts of the communities, are threatened by globalization, modern media, and limited academic research. Using a cultural ecological approach, the research compared the musical traditions of both groups to examine how geography, social organization, and cultural practices have shaped their development. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with musicians and cultural experts, field observations of performances, and document analysis. Thematic coding analyzed musical structure, cultural significance, and historical development, with a comparative approach to highlight similarities and differences between the groups. The study also explored the impact of cross-cultural interactions, particularly between the Zhuang and Han cultures, on the evolution of polyphonic traditions. The findings revealed that both groups use polyphonic songs as vital expressions of cultural identity, but with distinctive approaches to rhythm, melody, and thematic content. Zhuang polyphonic songs featured clear harmonies and structured rhythms reflecting their agricultural lifestyle, while Dong songs incorporated techniques like “chain breathing” and nasal resonance influenced by their mountainous environment. The Zhuang's songs fostered external cultural exchange, while the Dong's songs emphasized internal solidarity and spiritual connections. This research contributes to understanding how traditional music adapts to its cultural and ecological context, offering insights into cultural preservation and cross-cultural exchange in an increasingly globalized world.