The Development of an Evaluation Index System for Assessing the Impact of Sports Tourism on the Health of the Elderly in Xi'an City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2023.3297Keywords:
Sports Tourism; , Elderly; , Evaluation Index System;, Health EffectsAbstract
Background and Aim: With the deepening of population aging, attention to the health issues of the elderly has become particularly important. Sports tourism, as a beneficial activity for physical and mental well-being, has great potential for maintaining and enhancing the health of the elderly. However, there is currently a lack of a systematic evaluation index system to assess the impact of sports tourism on the health of the elderly. This research objective was to develop the evaluation index system for assessing the impact of sports tourism on the health of the elderly in Xi'an City.
Materials and Methods: This study took the construction of the evaluation index system of sports tourism on the health of the elderly aged 60 and above in Xi'an as the research object, and selected experts including 5 Elderly social science-related teachers were selected from universities. Two rounds Delphi method uses 17 Elderly experts in related fields, sports government departments, and managers of the Palace of Culture for the elderly to participate in the expert consensus on key indicators. Use organized a focus group composed of 9 elderly teachers from universities, sports government departments, and administrators of the Cultural Palace for the Elderly.
Result: (1) The Kendall's W values of the first-level, second-level, and third-level indicators were 0.208, 0.169, and 0.156 all of the W values show relatively low agreement. The P-value of the first-level, second-level, and third-level indicators were 0.014, 0.000, and 0.000 indicating that the observed difference is statistically significant. (2) Physical health measurement and mental health measurement are the most important first-level indicators, with weights of 0.37 and 0.38. Physical fitness measures, the ability to perform activities of daily living, and disease status are the most important secondary indicators. The mental health measures, positive performance, and negative performance are the most important third indicators. The social health measure and the sports tourism activity measure were relatively low weighted at 0.16 and 0.09, respectively. This means that for the health evaluation of the elderly in Xi'an, the importance of physical and mental health and social health is higher.
Conclusion: (1) The evaluation index system of sports tourism for the health of the elderly in Xi'an was constructed, and 4 first-level, 14 secondary, and 37 third-level indicators were finally formed. (2) The weight ratio of indicators at all levels was determined. (3) Through focus group discussion, the importance of sports tourism on the health of the elderly in Xi'an was concluded.
References
Abbaspur-Behbahani, S., & Elham M. (2022). Application of mobile health to support the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review. Health Policy Technol. 11(1), 100595. doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100595.
Araújo, N., Mayara, P., Araújo, D., Vilani, M., Larissa, A., Talita, S., Gilson, V., & Thaiza, T. (2021). Health conditions of potential risk for severe COVID-19 in institutionalized elderly people. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0245432. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245432
Bao, L., & Wu, J. (2021). Research on the Obstacle Factors of the Elderly's Online Tourism Information Sharing Behavior under the Background of Smart Tourism: Taking WeChat Platform as an Example. Conference: 2021 2nd International Symposium on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Communications (ISCEIC). 429-434. DOI:10.1109/ISCEIC53685.2021.00096
Chen, X., & Jin, L. (2017). The Influence of Physical Exercise on the Elderly’s Mental Health. Advances in Psychology, 7(11), 1647-1653.
Çiftci, N., Yıldız, M., Yıldırım, Ö. (2023). The effect of health literacy and health empowerment on quality of life in the elderly. Psychogeriatrics. 23(4), 609-620. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12969.
Diniz, M., & et al. (2023). Offer of integrative and complementary health practices for the elderly in health services: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 102(7), e32856. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032856.
Fan, C., Li, T., Yan, S., & Miao, W., (2019). Elderly Health Inequality in China and its Determinants: A Geographical Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health.16(16), 2953. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162953.
Fan, C., Ouyang, W., Tian, L., Song, Y., Miao, W. (2019). Elderly Health Inequality in China and its Determinants: A Geographical Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(16), 2953. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162953.
Fhon, J.R.S., Araújo, P., & et al. (2022). Infodemic of COVID-19 and Repercussions on the Mental Health of the Elderly from São Paulo. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 56. e20210421. https://www.revistas.usp.br/reeusp/article/view/201108.
Hao, X., Yang, Y., Gao, X., & Dai, T. (2019). Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Health Management Program for the Elderly on Health-Related Quality of Life among Elderly People in China: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(1), 113. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010113.
Hassen, B.H., Dghais, W., &Hamdi, B. (2019). An E-health system for monitoring elderly health based on the Internet of Things and Fog computing. Health Inf Sci Syst. 7(1), 24. doi: 10.1007/s13755-019-0087-z.
Hou, J., Zhou, W., Zhu, K., & Ren, X. (2023). The Impact of Labor Force Participation on Elderly Health in China. Healthcare (Basel). 11(2),160. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11020160.
Jalali, M.T., Yaser, S., Fatemeh, A., & Milad, A.M. (2023). Factors facilitating and inhibiting the social participation of the elderly in health-oriented activities in Shiraz, Southern Iran. BMC Geriatr. 23(1),175. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03892-4.
Liu, E., Feng, Y., Zhang Y., Zhang, O., & Han, T. (2019). Differences in the Health Behaviors of Elderly Individuals and Influencing Factors: Evidence from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, 34(4), 1520-1532, DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2824
Liu, J., Rozelle, S., Xu, Q., Yu, N., & Zhou, T. (2019). Social Engagement and Elderly Health in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(2), 278. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16020278.
Liu, N., He, Y., Li, Z. (2021). The Relationship between Internet Use and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults in China: The Mediating Role of Social Support. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(22),14785. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192214785. PMID: 36429504; PMCID: PMC9690403.
Mata, M.T., & et al. (2022). Indoor Air Quality in Elderly Centers: Pollutants Emission and Health Effects. Environments, 9(7), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9070086
Shao, M., Chen, J., & Ma, C. (2022). Research on the Relationship between Chinese Elderly Health Status, Social Security, and Depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(12),7496. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127496. PMID: 35742744; PMCID: PMC9223444.
Sun, L., Wang, G., & Li, Q. (2021). The influence of social support on the physical health of elderly people in urban and rural areas: A study in China. Chinese Journal of Health Economics, 36(7), 66-69.
Sun, Y., Zhang, X., & Han, Y. (2021). The Effect of Social Capital on Health Among Chinese Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Chinese General Social Survey Database. International conference on public health and data. 28-32, DOI: 10.1109/ICPHDS53608.2021.00014
Wang, F., Zhen, Q., Li, K., & Wen, X. (2018). Association of socioeconomic status and health-related behavior with elderly health in China. PLOS ONE, 13(9), e0204237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204237
Wang, F., Zhen, Q., Li, K., & Wen, X. (2018). Association of socioeconomic status and health-related behavior with elderly health in China. PLOS ONE, 13(9), e0204237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204237
Wang, X., Yang, C., Gu, C., Liu, L., & Gu, L. (2016). Research on the health status and influencing factors of the elderly population in Wuhan. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 36(18), 4559-4561.
Zendehtalab, H., Vanaki, Z., & Memarian, R. (2023). Ethical Challenges in Caring for Healthy Elderly: Qualitative Perspectives. Nurs Ethics. 2023 Feb 25:9697330221081953. doi: 10.1177/09697330221081953. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36841931.
Zheng, Z., Chen, H., & Yang, L. (2019). Transfer of Promotion Effects on Elderly Health with Age. From Physical Environment to Interpersonal Environment and Social Participation. International journal of environmental research and public. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(15), 2794. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152794
Zhu, H., He, L., Peng, J., & et al. (2022). Community social capital and the health-related quality of life among empty-nest elderly in western China: moderating effect of living arrangements. BMC Psychiatry. 22, 685. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04310-6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 HuaSen Liu , Panya Sungkawadee
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright on any article in the International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews is retained by the author(s) under the under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Permission to use text, content, images, etc. of publication. Any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose. But do not use it for commercial use or with the intent to benefit any business.
.png)
