Factors Impacting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Entrepreneurial Behavior of Graduated College Students from Chengdu Polytechnic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2024.4597Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Attitude; , Subjective Norms; , Perceived Behavioral Control; , Creativity; , Personal Attitude; , Entrepreneurial Intentions;, Entrepreneurial BehaviorAbstract
Background and Aims: An individual's plans and motivations to engage in entrepreneurial activities, representing their desire to launch and oversee their business ventures, are referred to as their entrepreneurial intentions. On the other hand, entrepreneurial behavior refers to the activities that people engage in to achieve their entrepreneurial objectives. These activities include risk-taking, resource acquisition, innovation, and opportunity recognition, and they all translate an individual's entrepreneurial intentions into concrete actions and results. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the factors impacting entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial behavior of graduated college students from Chengdu Polytechnic, China.
Methodology: This paper used quantitative techniques and questionnaires were employed to gather sample data. Before distribution, the content validity by three experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Item-Objective Congruence and a pilot test. The collected data (500 copies of valid collected questionnaires) underwent analysis using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. These analytical approaches were utilized to assess the model's overall suitability and to verify the causal connections among variables as part of hypothesis testing.
Results: The results explicated that entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, creativity, and personal attitude, have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial intention has a significant impact on entrepreneurial behaviors; Six hypotheses were proven to fulfill research objectives.
Conclusion: The results show that a variety of factors, including subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, creativity, and attitude toward entrepreneurship, are important in determining an individual's entrepreneurial intentions, which in turn have a big impact on their actual behaviors. The success of the research objectives in comprehending the interaction between these variables and their influence on entrepreneurial endeavors is highlighted by the validation of six hypotheses.
References
Abbasianchavari, A., Moritz, A. (2021). The impact of role models on entrepreneurial intentions and behavior: a review of the literature. Manag Rev Q., 71, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-019-00179-0
Aga, M.K. (2023). The mediating role of perceived behavioral control in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-023-00297-w
Anderson, R. (2023). The role of subjective norms in developing entrepreneurial intentions in university students. Journal of Strategy and Management, 2(4), 314-324.https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-10-2022-0190
Anjum, T., Farrukh, M., Heidler, P., Díaz-Tautiva, J.A. (2021). Entrepreneurial Intention: Creativity, Entrepreneurship, and University Support. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7 (11), 1–13.
Anwar, I., Jamal, M.T., Saleem, I., & Thoudam, P. (2021). Traits and entrepreneurial intention: testing the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude and self-efficacy. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 13(1), 40-60. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2021.112276
Audretsch, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship research. Management decision, 50(5), 755-764. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211227384
Awang, A., Amran, S., Nor, M.N.M., Ibrahim, I.I., & Razali, M.F.M. (2016). Individual entrepreneurial orientation impact on entrepreneurial intention: Intervening effect of PBC and subjective norm. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 4(2), 94-129. http://www.scientificia.com/index.php/JEBE/article/view/45
Azim, M.T., & Islam, M.M. (2022). Role of religiosity, social factors, and perceived subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention: a study on tertiary level students. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 12(1), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-022-00333-1
Belchior, F., Lyons, R. (2021). Explaining Entrepreneurial Intentions, Nascent Entrepreneurial Behavior and New Business Creation with Social Cognitive Career Theory – A 5-year Longitudinal Analysis. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4), 1945-1972, DOI: 10.1007/s11365-021-00745-7
Bird, B., & Schjoedt, L. (2017). Entrepreneurial behavior: Its nature, scope, recent research, and agenda for future research. Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind: Inside the Black Box: An Expanded Edition, 4(3), 379-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406918797475
Blanchflower, D.G., & Oswald, A. J. (1998). What makes an entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60. https://doi.org/10.1086/209881
Boomsma, A. (1985). Nonconvergence, improper solutions, and starting values in LISREL maximum likelihood estimation. Psychometrika, 50(2), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294248
Byabashaija, W., & Katono, I. (2011). The impact of college entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention to start a business in Uganda. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(1), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Cai, L., Murad, M., Ashraf, S.F., & Naz, S. (2021). Impact of Dark Tetrad Personality Traits on nascent entrepreneurial behavior: the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 15(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11782-021-00103-y
Collins, C.J., Hanges, P.J., & Locke, E.A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human performance, 17(1), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327043HUP1701_5
Coulibaly, S.K., Erbao, C., & Mekongcho, T.M. (2018). Economic globalization, entrepreneurship, and development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 127, 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.09.028
Crant, J.M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Management, 29(3), 62-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205
Cruz, N.M., Rodriguez Escudero, A.I., Hernangomez Barahona, J., & Saboia Leitao, F. (2009). The effect of entrepreneurship education programs on satisfaction with innovation behavior and performance. Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(3), 198-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590910950578
Dewaele, J.M. (2018). Online questionnaires. The Palgrave handbook of applied linguistics research methodology, 3(1), 269-286.https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1973.03615995003700010028x
Dinc, M.S., & Budic, S. (2016). The impact of personal attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intentions of women. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 9(17), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2016.017.02
do Paço, A. M. F., Ferreira, J. M., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R. G., & Dinis, A. (2011). Behaviors and entrepreneurial intention: Empirical findings about secondary students. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-010-0071-9.
Dollinger, M.J. (2008). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Resources. Fourth Edition. USA, Illinois: Marsh Publications.
doPaço, A., Shiel, C., & Alves, H. (2018). A New Model for Testing Green Consumer Behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production. 207 (2), 998-1006. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.105.
Duong, C., Nguyen, H., Ngo, T., Nguyen, V., & Nguyen, T. (2020). The impact of individual and environmental characteristics on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Management Science Letters, 10(3), 599-608. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.9.020
Esfandiar, K., Sharifi-Tehrani, M., Pratt, S., & Altinay, L. (2019). Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach. Journal of Business Research, 94(2), 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.045
Ferreira, J.J., Raposo, M.L., Rodrigues, R.G., Dinis, A., & Do Paco, A. (2012). A model of entrepreneurial intention: An application of the psychological and behavioral approaches. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 19(3), 424-440. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211250144
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M.M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 1(1), 413-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12386
Gieure, C., del Mar Benavides-Espinosa, M., & Roig-Dobón, S. (2020). The entrepreneurial process: The link between intentions and behavior. Journal of Business Research, 112(2), 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.088
Greenspoon, P.J., & Saklofske, D.H. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(5), 965–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00115-9
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th Edition, Pearson, New York.
He, X. (2022). The 2021 Chinese University Student Entrepreneurship Report has been released. Retrieved from: http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/kj/202203/22/t20220322_37422956.shtml
Hébert, R.F., & Link, A.N. (2007). Historical perspectives on the entrepreneur. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 2(4), 261-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/0300000008
Heuer, A., & Liñán, F. (2013). Testing alternative measures of subjective norms in entrepreneurial intention models. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 19(1), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2013.054310
Hisrich, R.D., Peters, M.P., & Shepherd, D.A. (1998). Entrepreneurship. Chicago, IL, USA: Irwin.
Jiatong, W., Murad, M., Bajun, F., Tufail, M. S., Mirza, F., & Rafiq, M. (2021). Impact of entrepreneurial education, mindset, and creativity on entrepreneurial intention: the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(2), 724440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724440
Kautonen, T., Van Gelderen, M., & Fink, M. (2015). Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 39(3), 655-674. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12056
Krithika, J., & Venkatachalam, B. (2014). A study on the impact of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention among business students in Bangalore. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(5), 48-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00638.x
Krueger, N.F. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions are dead: Long live entrepreneurial intentions. Revisiting the entrepreneurial mind: Inside the black box: An expanded edition, 3(1), 521-564. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat05720
Kuehn, K.W. (2008). Entrepreneurial Intentions research: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 11(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2020.1713832
Kuratko, D.F. (2011). Entrepreneurship theory, process, and practice in the 21st century. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2011.040412
Kusmintarti, A., Asdani, A., & Riwajanti, N.I. (2017). The relationship between creativity, entrepreneurial attitude, and entrepreneurial intention (case study on the students of State Polytechnic Malang). International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 10(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2017.082379
Kusumojanto, D.D., Wibowo, A., Kustiandi, J., & Narmaditya, B.S. (2021). Do entrepreneurship education and environment promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? the role of entrepreneurial attitude. Cogent Education, 8(1), 194-206. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2017.082379
Laguía, A., Moriano, J. A., & Gorgievski, M.J. (2019). A psychosocial study of self-perceived creativity and entrepreneurial intentions in a sample of university students. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 31(2), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.11.004
Lefever, S., Dal, M., & Matthíasdóttir, Á. (2007). Online data collection in academic research: advantages and limitations. British journal of educational technology, 38(4), 574-582. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627818
Liu, M., Gorgievski, M.J., Qi, J., & Paas, F. (2022). Perceived university support and entrepreneurial intentions: Do different students benefit differently? Studies in Educational Evaluation, 73(2), 101-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101150
Lu, G., Song, Y., & Pan, B. (2021). How University Entrepreneurship Support Affects College students’ entrepreneurial intentions: An empirical analysis from China. Sustainability, 13(6), 3224-3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063224
Mahfud, T., Triyono, M. B., Sudira, P., & Mulyani, Y. (2020). The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.12.005
Majeed, A., Rehman, M., Hussain, I., Imran, I., Saleem, M.U., Saeed, H., Hashmi, F.K., Akbar, M., Abrar, M.A., Ramzan, B., Chaudhry, M.O., Islam, M., Nisar, N., Rasool, M.F. (2021). The Impact of Treatment Adherence on Quality of Life Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients - Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 15, 475-481. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S295012
Moriano, J.A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2012). A cross-cultural approach to understanding entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Career Development, 39(2), 162-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845310384481
Muñoz, P., & Cohen, B. (2018). Sustainable entrepreneurship research: Taking stock and looking ahead. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(3), 300-322. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2000
Mykolenko, O., Ippolitova, I., Doroshenko, H., & Strapchuk, S. (2022). The impact of entrepreneurship education and cultural context on entrepreneurial intentions of Ukrainian students: the mediating role of attitudes and perceived control. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(3), 519-536. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-08-2020-0190
Nijkamp, P. (2003). Entrepreneurship in a modern network economy. Regional Studies, 37(4), 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000074424
Otchengco Jr., A.M., & Akiate, Y.W.D. (2021), "Entrepreneurial intentions on perceived behavioral control and personal attitude: moderated by structural support", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 15 (1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-08-2020-0124
Robledo, J.L.R., Arán, M.V., Sanchez, V. M., & Molina, M.Á.R. (2015). The moderating role of gender on entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB perspective. Intangible capital, 11(1), 92-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.557.
Rodriguez, S., & Lieber, H. (2020). Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Career Readiness in Secondary Students. Journal of Experiential Education. 43 (1), 105382592091946. Doi: 10.1177/1053825920919462.
Rosique-Blasco, M., Madrid-Guijarro, A., & García-Pérez-de-Lema, D. (2018). The effects of personal abilities and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 1025-1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0469-0
Sahinidis, A., Stavroulakis, D., Kossieri, E., & Varelas, S. (2019). Entrepreneurial Intention Determinants Among Female Students. The Influence of Role Models, Parents’ Occupation and Perceived Behavioral Control on Forming the Desire to Become a Business Owner. In: Kavoura, A., Kefallonitis, E., Theodoridis, P. (Eds.), Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism. Springer, Cham, 173-178.
Santos, S.C., & Liguori, E.W. (2020), "Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions: Outcome expectations as a mediator and subjective norms as moderator", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26 (3), 400-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2019-0436
Schwarz, E.J., Wdowiak, M.A., Almer‐Jarz, D.A., & Breitenecker, R.J. (2009). The effects of attitudes and perceived environment conditions on students' entrepreneurial intent: An Austrian perspective. Education+ Training, 51(4), 272-291. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910910964566
Shabbir, M.S., Shariff, M.N.M., & Shahzad, A. (2016). The mediating role of perceived behavioral control and stakeholders’ support system on the relationship between entrepreneurial personal skills and entrepreneurial intentions of its employees in Pakistan. International Business Management, 10(9), 1745-1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2007.01.001
Shah, I.A., Amjed, S., & Jaboob, S. (2020). The moderating role of entrepreneurship education in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00195-4
Smith, R.M., Sardeshmukh, S.R., & Combs, G.M. (2016). Understanding gender, creativity, and entrepreneurial intentions. Education+ Training, 58(3), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2015-0044
Vamvaka, V., Stoforos, C., Palaskas, T., & Botsaris, C. (2020). Attitude toward entrepreneurship perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0112-0
Van Selm, M., & Jankowski, N.W. (2006). Conducting online surveys. Quality and quantity, 40(2), 435-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8081-8
Vedula, S., Doblinger, C., Pacheco, D., York, J.G., Bacq, S., Russo, M.V., & Dean, T.J. (2022). Entrepreneurship for the public good: A review, critique, and path forward for social and environmental entrepreneurship research. Academy of Management Annals, 16(1), 391-425. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2019.0143
Wang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2022). Innovation and entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities: Developments and challenges. Chinese Education & Society, 55(5), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2022.2136446
Wei, X., Liu, X., & Sha, J. (2019). How does the entrepreneurship education influence the students’ innovation? Testing on the multiple mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(2), 1557-1569. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01557
Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2011). Institutional perspectives on entrepreneurial behavior in challenging environments. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00649-y
Wright, K. B. (2005). Researching Internet-based populations: Advantages and disadvantages of online survey research, online questionnaire authoring software packages, and web survey services. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 10(3), 1034-1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00259.x
Yi, G. (2021). From green entrepreneurial intentions to green entrepreneurial behaviors: The role of university entrepreneurial support and external institutional support. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(2), 963-979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00649-y
Yousaf, U., Ali, S. A., Ahmed, M., Usman, B., & Sameer, I. (2021). From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0133
Yurtkoru, E.S., Kuşcu, Z.K., & Doğanay, A. (2014). Exploring the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention on Turkish university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150(1), 841-850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.093
Zampetakis, L. A., & Moustakis, V. (2006). Linking creativity with entrepreneurial intentions: A structural approach. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(1), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0006-z
Zampetakis, L. A., Gotsi, M., Andriopoulos, C., & Moustakis, V. (2011). Creativity and entrepreneurial intention in young people: Empirical insights from business school students. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 12(3), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843
Zampetakis, L.A., & Moustakis, V. (2006). Linking creativity with entrepreneurial intentions: A structural approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(3), 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0006-z
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright on any article in the International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews is retained by the author(s) under the under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Permission to use text, content, images, etc. of publication. Any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose. But do not use it for commercial use or with the intent to benefit any business.
