Construction of Training Program to Improve Sports Vision, Core Strength, Endurance, and Skills in Orienteering for College Students
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background and Aim: Orienteering is a sport that combines endurance, spatial cognition, and rapid decision-making, requiring athletes to navigate unfamiliar terrain using maps and compasses. Strong sports vision, core strength, and endurance are essential for success. However, current training programs in Chinese universities often isolate these elements, limiting athletes' overall performance. Studies have shown that integrating these aspects can significantly enhance orienteering skills. This study aims to develop a comprehensive training program for the Orienteering Club of Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic. By incorporating sports vision, core strength, and endurance training, the program seeks to improve athletes’ navigation efficiency, stability, and stamina, aligning with international best practices.
Materials and Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group structure. Forty male members of the Orienteering Club of Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic were non-randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 20) or a control group (n=20) based on systematic allocation to ensure baseline comparability. The experimental group received a training program integrating sports vision, core strength, endurance, and orienteering skills. In contrast, the control group engaged only in routine orienteering skill training to maintain ecological validity. The intervention lasted for eight weeks, with training sessions conducted four days per week, each lasting 120 minutes to maintain consistency in training intensity. Data collection occurred at three time points: baseline (pretest), mid-intervention (week 4), and post-intervention (week 8). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), independent t-tests for between-group comparisons, and repeated-measures one-way ANOVA to assess within-group changes over time. Bonferroni post hoc tests were conducted to determine specific differences between time points. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.
Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in sports vision (+17.90 times), core strength (sit-ups +14.80 repetitions), and endurance (1000m run -24.05 seconds), while the control group had no significant changes. Orienteering skills also improved notably, with a 12.65-point increase in the Field Patrol Test and a 19.25-point increase in the Field Checkpoint Layout Test. No significant differences existed between the group’s pre-experiment and post-experiment results; the experimental group outperformed the control group in all areas (p<0.001), demonstrating the effectiveness of the integrated training program.
Conclusion: The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in sports vision, core strength, endurance, and orienteering skills compared to the control group, confirming the effectiveness of an integrated training program. The most notable gains were observed in sports vision and endurance, highlighting their critical role in orienteering performance. These findings suggest that incorporating targeted training into college sports programs can enhance students' overall physical fitness and navigation abilities, providing a structured framework for optimizing orienteering training at the collegiate level.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright on any article in the International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews is retained by the author(s) under the under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Permission to use text, content, images, etc. of publication. Any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose. But do not use it for commercial use or with the intent to benefit any business.
References
Andersson, G., & Carl bring, P. (2021). Cognitive behavioral therapy delivered using the internet. In A. Wenzel (Ed.), Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy: Applications (pp. 607–631). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000219-019
Bassett, D. R., & Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(1), 70-84.
Bompa, T. O., & Haff, G. G. (2009). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training. Human Kinetics.
Brown, T. (2005). Core flexibility. Perform Train J, 4, 8-10.
Cui Jinfei. (2024). Practical research on the effect of Orienteering on improving the physical fitness of college students. Contemporary Sports Science and Technology. 20, 167-170. doi:10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2024.20.043.
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363
Guangdong Provincial Social Sports and Training Competition Center. (2023). Notice on holding the 2023 Guangdong Orienteering Referee Training Course, extracted from http://www.gdxjzx.org/,2024.12.30.
Handzel, T.M. (2003). Core Training For Improved Performance. NSCA's Performance. Training Journal, 2(6): 26-30.
He, X. (2000). The role of endurance training in competitive sports. Journal of Sports Science, 30(5), 12 - 20.
Hibbs, A. E., Thompson, K. G., French, D., Wrigley, A., & Spears, I. (2008). Optimizing performance by improving core stability and strength. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(9), 949-956.
International Orienteering Federation (IOF). (2021). Orienteering training principles and best practices. Lausanne, Switzerland. Retrieved from: https://orienteering.org
International Orienteering Federation (IOF). (2022). Dynamic visual acuity and route-planning efficiency in elite orienteers. Lausanne, Switzerland. Retrieved from: https://orienteering.org
Issurin, V. (2008). Block periodization: Breakthrough in sport training. Ultimate Athlete Concepts.
Kellmann, M. (2010). Preventing Overtraining in Athletes in High-Intensity Sports and Stress/Recovery Monitoring. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01192.x.
Kibler, W. B., Press, J., & Sciascia, A. (2006). The Role of Core Stability in Athletic Function. Sports Medicine, 36, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001
Li, H., & Liu, H. (2020). Exploration of the effective integration of endurance training and resistance training in sports training. Intelligence. 10, 160-170.
Li, Y. (2019). Research on the application of technology in individual Orienteering competition. Sports World (Academic Edition).
Li, Y., Yu, H., Zi, W., Cao, C., & Chen, X. (2008). On Core Strength and Its Training in Competitive Sports: Origin· Problem· Development. Sports Science. 4, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.16469/j.css.2008.04.007.
Liang, F.Y. (2011). Analysis of physical training methods for Orienteering. Master's thesis, Central South University.
Liu Qingbo. (2023). Orienteering teaching strategy based on “competition instead of examination, integration of competition and examination”. Research on Innovation of Ice and Snow Sports. 24, 98-100.
Liu, C., & Mi, J. (2020). Research on the process and main techniques of Orienteering map recognition. Journal of Shandong Institute of Physical Education. 1, 97-104. http://doi.org/10.14104/j.cnki.1006-2076.2020.01.015
Liu, Y. (2021). Research on the influence of sports vision training on the visual information acquisition and processing ability of football players. Master's thesis, Hebei Normal University.
Liu, Y. (2021). The role of sports vision in enhancing athlete performance. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(3), 112-120.
Liu, Y., & Yan, Q. (2021). Application of sports visual function training in competitive sports. China Sports Coach. 1, 37-41. http://doi.org/10.16784/j.cnki.csc.2021.01.010.
Luo, F. (2018). Research on the physical training status of high-level Orienteering teams in Beijing universities. Master's thesis, Capital Institute of Physical Education.
McLeod, B. (2019). Sports vision training: Enhancing performance in competitive sports. International Journal of Sports Psychology, 37(2), 89-104.
Ministry of Education. (2014). Notice of the General Administration of Sport on the Implementation of the "National Student Physical Fitness and Health Standards", Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.cn/,2024.12.30.
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: Loss of Training-Induced Physiological and Performance Adaptations, Part I: Short Term Insufficient Training Stimulus. Sports Medicine, 30, 79-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030020-00002.
Murakoshi, M. (1986). Farming of the boring clam, Tridacna crocea Lamarck. Galaxea, 5, 239-254.
Nielsen, S., Degenhardt, L., Hoban, B., et al. (2016) A Synthesis of Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME) for Opioid Utilization Studies. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 25, 733-737. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3945
Seiler, S., & Tønnessen, E. (2009). Intervals, thresholds, and long slow distance: The role of intensity and duration in endurance training. Sports Science, 27(1), 45-53.
Shan, X. (2011). Construction and application of Orienteering technology group. Journal of Xi'an Institute of Physical Education. 3, 381-384.
Shi, A., & Zhang, S. (2009) Upper and Lower Solutions Method and a Fractional Differential Equation Boundary Value Problem. Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, 30, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.14232/ejqtde.2009.1.30
Stone, M. H., O’Bryant, H. S., & Garhammer, J. (2007). Training principles and periodization. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 29(4), 56-63.
Waddington, E. E., Allison, D. J., Calabrese, E. M., Pekos, C., Lee, A., Walsh, J. J., & Heisz, J. J. (2024). Orienteering combines vigorous-intensity exercise with navigation to improve human cognition and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Plos one, 19(5), e0303785.
Wang, M. (2003). On the current status of domestic research on representation training. Journal of Shenyang University of Physical Education. 3, 55-57.
Wang, T. (2009). Physical fitness training for orienteering athletes. Beijing: Sports Science Press.
Ward, B. (2022). Navigation techniques for competitive Orienteering. Orienteering Journal, 15(4), 30-40.
Wen, C. (2024). Research on the development status, challenges and construction strategies of Orienteering teams in Guangdong colleges and universities. Track and Field. 12, 38-41.
Willson, J.D., Christopher, P.D., Mary, L.I. (2005) Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function and injury. J Am Academy Orth Surg, 13, 316-325.
Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (2004). Do Pretty Women Inspire Men to Discount the Future? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 271, S177-S179.
Xue, X. (2018). Research on the physical training of Orienteering athletes in Xi'an. Sports Style. 2, 76-82.
Yin, C. Y., Shi, L., Zhang, W., & Liu, Y. (2024). Effects of Orienteering exercise on spatial orientation ability of college students: Evidence from behavioral and fNIRS. Journal of Physical Education/Tiyu Xuekan, 31(5), 1-10.
Yuan, Q., & Yan, X. (2023). Research on technical analysis and training methods of Orienteering competition. (eds.) Proceedings of the 10th China Physical Training Science Conference (Chinese) (pp.542-550). School of Sports Training, Wuhan Institute of Physical Education; Wulidun Primary School, Gulou Street, Echeng District, Ezhou City; doi:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2023.064016.
Zhang, Y. (1987). Military navigation and its application in orienteering. Military Press.
Zhang, Y., & Zhou, P. (2023). The value, difficulties and path exploration of Orienteering in schools. Sports Boutique. 12, 27-29.
Zhao, C. (2021). The role of core strength training in competitive sports and the exploration of training methods and means. Proceedings of the 8th China Physical Fitness Summit Forum and the 2nd China Physical Fitness Training Annual Conference.
Zhong, Q. (2012). Visual-motor integration and map interpretation in orienteering. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(7), 1340-1354.
