Storytelling in Horror Films Using Montage Types: Case Study of Psych0 (1960)
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Montage, derived from the French word meaning "to assemble," is a key technique in filmmaking that shapes narrative and emotion. Pioneered by Soviet filmmakers like Eisenstein, montage engages audience emotions through the strategic sequencing of images, especially in horror films, where it enhances fear, suspense, and psychological impact. Techniques like jump cuts and crosscutting intensify emotional responses (Clover, 1992; Williams, 2005). This research focuses on how montage contributes to the emotional and narrative structure of horror films, with Psycho (1960) as a case study. Analyzing the iconic shower scene demonstrates how montage controls pacing and emotional tone to create psychological tension. The study fills a gap in horror film studies, offering a framework for future research and providing filmmakers and scholars with insights into the powerful role of montage in crafting immersive horror experiences. The objective is to: (1) study the effects of montage techniques on storytelling structure in horror films. (2) To study the types of montage effects in the horror film Psycho (1960). (3) To study the storytelling in the horror film Psycho (1960) using montage 1960.
Materials and Methods: This research adopts mixed methods of research. On the qualitative side of the research, the key informants were 13 people. Data collection tools included literature research and in-depth interviews. Data was analyzed using content analysis and typology. In the quantitative research side, 400 questionnaires were distributed.
Results: (1) The study of the effects of montage techniques on the narrative structure in horror films found that montage helps create tension through narrative reconstruction, pacing control, and psychological stimulation, in line with Eisenstein’s theory. (2) The study of the types of montage techniques in the horror film Psycho (1960) found that Psycho (1960 demonstrates an artistic use of montage, particularly in scene construction, character development, and the creation of emotional engagement. (3) The study of storytelling in the horror film Psycho (1960) using montage techniques found that the film employs montage in five key ways, such as accelerating the pace through parallel montage, building suspense, and maintaining narrative clarity.
Conclusion: The montage in Psycho is not merely a technical device, but the heart of the narrative that integrates the art of editing with the emotions, feelings, and psychology of the audience on a profound level. The findings of this research provide a significant framework for studying montage in horror films and can serve as a foundation for future applications in cross-cultural contexts or with emerging technologies.
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