Development of a Taekwondo Exercise Program to Improve Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students
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Abstract
Background and Aims: The Taekwondo Exercise Program helps pupils develop their discipline, self-confidence, and physical fitness through structured, engaging training. It also fosters general development by combining physical activity, cultural appreciation, and mental focus. This study aims to develop a scientific Taekwondo training plan to improve middle school students' physical fitness based on their developmental needs. It compares the effects of the new plan with traditional methods using experimental and control groups. Pre, mid-, and post-tests assess improvements in fitness, skills, and motivation. The results help refine the plan and guide effective school physical education.
Materials and Methods: This study was experimental research. In the first phase, a literature review of existing studies was conducted to investigate the effects of Taekwondo on the physical fitness of secondary school students, and the factors influencing the development of the training program by five experts. In phase 2, an 8-week training program was developed and evaluated by 3 experts; in phase 3, a focus group was formed by 7 experts to adopt the training program. In this study, 40 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group were recruited to test the students' physical fitness indexes after 8 weeks of Taekwondo training. This study aims to explore the effect of Taekwondo on the physical fitness of middle school students. 80 middle school students aged 13-15 years old who had not practiced Taekwondo systematically before were selected as experimental subjects from Haibei Middle School in Nanhai District, Foshan City. All 80 students met the inclusion criteria. The experiment was divided into an experimental group and a control group, and the 80 students were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. There were 40 students in the experimental group (20 boys and 20 girls), and 40 students in the control group (20 boys and 20 girls).
Results: (1) The training program was developed by five experts who gave suggestions, which can show that the training program has a certain degree of scientific validity and effectiveness, as well as through the IOC test (IOC=1.0), and also through the pre-tests of 5 people to further check that the training program can be used in the actual situation. (2) Before the experiment, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of Lung capacity, 50-meter, standing long jump, sit and reach, Sit-ups, 800-meter run, 1000-meter run, and Pull-ups (P>0.05). (3) After the experiment, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the experimental group and the control group in Lung capacity, 50-meter, standing long jump, Sit and Reach, Sit-ups, 800-meter run, 1000-meter run, and Pull-ups. (4) In the post-experimental period, a comparison of the pre-test and post-test within the experimental group revealed that there was a significant difference in the Lung capacity, 50-meter, standing long jump, sit and reach, Sit-ups, 800-meter run,1000-meter run, and Pull-ups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study developed and tested an 8-week Taekwondo exercise program to improve physical fitness in secondary school students. Results showed significant improvements in lung capacity, speed, strength, flexibility, and endurance in the experimental group compared to the control group. Regular Taekwondo practice was found to enhance overall physical functions and cardiopulmonary health in adolescents.
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