Value-Added Tax Burden and Branch Margin Quality in a Pharmacy Chain

Authors

  • Kridsadadanudej Wongwejwiwat Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University
  • Jainuch Kanchanapoo Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University

Keywords:

Pharmacy, branch performance, value-added tax, gross margin

Abstract

This study had four objectives: 1) to compare branch performance in a pharmacy chain using sales, gross profit, gross margin, and value-added tax indicators; 2) to examine the relationship between gross margin and VAT-related indicators; 3) to develop an integrated indicator for branch performance assessment; and 4) to compare branch rankings between the conventional approach and the integrated approach. A retrospective quantitative design was employed using secondary data from five branches of a pharmacy chain in Thailand covering 2024–2025, yielding 10 branch-year observations. The variables included sales excluding value-added tax, cost of goods sold, gross profit, gross margin, output tax, input tax, and VAT remittance. Derived indicators included the VAT remittance-to-sales ratio, the input tax-to-output tax ratio, the VAT remittance-to-gross profit ratio, and the adjusted gross surplus margin ratio. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ranking analysis, and Spearman’s rank correlation.

The findings showed that although total sales declined from THB 30.83 million in 2024 to THB 29.62 million in 2025, the overall gross margin increased from 48.45% to 49.92%, and the adjusted gross surplus margin increased from 45.06% to 46.42%. Branch 02 demonstrated the strongest performance in 2025 when sales growth, margin quality, and integrated ranking were considered together. The integrated ranking altered branch positions only slightly in 2024 and produced results broadly similar to those of the gross-margin-based ranking in 2025. In addition, gross margin showed very strong relationships with several VAT-related indicators because these indicators were derived structurally from the same accounting base in this dataset. Therefore, VAT indicators in this context are most useful as managerial tools for monitoring the tax burden and interpreting branch-margin quality, rather than as clearly independent indicators beyond gross margin itself.

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Published

2026-09-15

How to Cite

Wongwejwiwat, K., & Kanchanapoo, J. (2026). Value-Added Tax Burden and Branch Margin Quality in a Pharmacy Chain. Siam University Journal of Business Administration, 27(49), 61–76. retrieved from https://so07.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/sujba/article/view/10661

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Section

Research Articles