A GUIDELINE OF RESPONSIBILITY ENHANCEMENT ACCORDING TO THE WAYS OF LIFE OF BODHISATTVAS AS DEPICTED IN MAHĀNIPĀTA JĀTAKA

Abstract

The objectives of this dissertation are; 1) to study the concepts and theories about responsibility and duty, 2) to study the duty responsibility through the Bodhisattva way as depicted in the Mahānipāta Jātaka, 3) to strengthen the responsibility in the way of the Bodhisattva as depicted in the Mahānipāta Jātaka, and 4) to present guidelines for building a body of knowledge about “A Guideline Responsibility Enhancement According to the way of life of Bodhisattvas as Depicted in MahānipātaJātaka”. This research is a documentary qualitative research by which all data were collected from the Tipitaka, Commentaries and in-depth interviews with 15 key informants.

          The results showed that: The concepts and theories concerning responsibility are theory of social psychology and social conditioning with a focus on doing good to society. Theory of pyramid helps to create social responsibility, mirror’s theory helps to understand oneself and behave with others appropriately, game theory helps to understand social responsibility as a role-player, and the idea of ​​action decisions that gives a good picture of the responsibility of duty as a person in society. Concepts and theories about accountability are therefore something that must be studied, trained, practiced, and recognized in order that everyone will obtain co-benefits from duty responsibilities.

            Responsibilities and duties of the Bodhisattvas that appear in the 10 Mahānipāta Jātakas, namely Temiya, Mahajanaka, Suvannasama, Nemiraja, Mahosatha, Bhuridatta, Chandakumara, Naradabrahma, Vidhurapandita, and Vessantara. They took responsibilities and duties based on the ten perfections. They are Nekkhamma, Viriya, Metta, Adhitthana, Panna, Sila, Khanti, Upekkha, Sacca, and Dhana. The results of responsibility lead to development of wisdom and the fulfillment of vows of the Bodhisattvas.

          Guidelines for enhancing responsibility and duties according to the Bodhisattva way as depicted in the Mahānipāta Jātaka can be identified in 7 items; responsibility towards one's own role, towards family, towards colleagues, towards teachers, towards the country, towards Buddhism, and towards those who need help. All responsibilities can be done by a sense of responsibility to perform duties, creating self-discipline, maintaining and developing standards of responsibility quality, working with a systematic understanding, and respecting the rights of others for the prosperity of humanity and society, using perfections as a condition for responsibility, doing benefits to society without boundaries and being happy in all activities. The knowledge from the research can be synthesized into the BODHI Model.